With the rapid expansion and development of Internet and WWW (World Wide Web or Web), Web GIS (Web Geographical Information System) is becoming ever more popular and as a result numerous sites have added GIS capabilit...With the rapid expansion and development of Internet and WWW (World Wide Web or Web), Web GIS (Web Geographical Information System) is becoming ever more popular and as a result numerous sites have added GIS capability on their Web sites. In this paper, the reasons behind developing a Web GIS instead of a “traditional" GIS are first outlined. Then the current status of Web GIS is reviewed, and their implementation methodologies are explored as well. The underlying technologies for developing Web GIS, such as Web Server, Web browser, CGI (Common Gateway Interface), Java, ActiveX, are discussed, and some typical implementation tools from both commercial and public domain are given as well. Finally, the future development direction of Web GIS is predicted.展开更多
In this paper, we review recent emerging theoretical and technological advances of artificial intelligence （AI） in the big data settings. We conclude that integrating data-driven machine learning with human knowled...In this paper, we review recent emerging theoretical and technological advances of artificial intelligence （AI） in the big data settings. We conclude that integrating data-driven machine learning with human knowledge （common priors or implicit intuitions） can effectively lead to explainable, robust, and general AI, as follows： from shallow computation to deep neural reasoning; from merely data-driven model to data-driven with structured logic rules models; from task-oriented （domain-specific） intelligence （adherence to explicit instructions） to artificial general intelligence in a general context （the capability to learn from experience）. Motivated by such endeavors, the next generation of AI, namely AI 2.0, is positioned to reinvent computing itself, to transform big data into structured knowledge, and to enable better decision-making for our society.展开更多
Since its inception at Zhejiang University in 2005,the International Conference on the Universal Digital Library(ICUDL)has been held around the globe in Alexandria,Egypt,Carnegie Mellon University,USA,and at Allahabad...Since its inception at Zhejiang University in 2005,the International Conference on the Universal Digital Library(ICUDL)has been held around the globe in Alexandria,Egypt,Carnegie Mellon University,USA,and at Allahabad in India.This展开更多
1 Fundamental issue 1:expression of visual knowledge Cognitive psychology has for a long time considered that an important part of human memory is visual knowledge,which is used for conducting concrete thinking.Theref...1 Fundamental issue 1:expression of visual knowledge Cognitive psychology has for a long time considered that an important part of human memory is visual knowledge,which is used for conducting concrete thinking.Therefore,visual-based artificial intelligence(Al)is a subject that Al cannot bypass and is of great significance.As a continuation of the previous article“On visual knowledge”(Pan,2019),in this paper we discuss five fundamental issues about visual knowledge.展开更多
With the ever-growing popularization of the Internet,universal existence of sensors,emergence of big data,development of e-commerce,rise of the information community,and interconnection and fusion of data and knowledg...With the ever-growing popularization of the Internet,universal existence of sensors,emergence of big data,development of e-commerce,rise of the information community,and interconnection and fusion of data and knowledge in human society,physical space,and cyberspace,the information environment surrounding artificial intelligence(AI)展开更多
This paper presents the concept of“visual knowledge.”Visual knowledge is a new form of knowledge representation that is different from all other visual representations or knowledge representations that have emerged ...This paper presents the concept of“visual knowledge.”Visual knowledge is a new form of knowledge representation that is different from all other visual representations or knowledge representations that have emerged in artificial intelligence(AI)development.A visual concept is composed of prototypes,category structures,hierarchical structures,action structures,etc.It can further constitute a visual proposition,incorporating scene structures and their dynamics,and the visual proposition can then be used to narrate a visual scene.This paper suggests that careful utilization of developments from computer graphics technology will contribute to realizing visual knowledge representation,and to its reasoning and analysis,and that careful utilization of progression from computer vision will promote the learning of visual knowledge.Representation,reasoning,learning,and utilization of visual knowledge will form a key step toward remarkable breakthroughs in the era of AI 2.0.展开更多
In July 2017,the Chinese government issued a guideline on developing artificial intelligence（AI）,namely,the‘New-Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan’,through 2030 to the public,setting a goal of bec...In July 2017,the Chinese government issued a guideline on developing artificial intelligence（AI）,namely,the‘New-Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan’,through 2030 to the public,setting a goal of becoming a global innovation center in this field by 2030.According to the development plan,breakthroughs should be made in basic theories of AI in terms of big data intelligence.展开更多
文摘With the rapid expansion and development of Internet and WWW (World Wide Web or Web), Web GIS (Web Geographical Information System) is becoming ever more popular and as a result numerous sites have added GIS capability on their Web sites. In this paper, the reasons behind developing a Web GIS instead of a “traditional" GIS are first outlined. Then the current status of Web GIS is reviewed, and their implementation methodologies are explored as well. The underlying technologies for developing Web GIS, such as Web Server, Web browser, CGI (Common Gateway Interface), Java, ActiveX, are discussed, and some typical implementation tools from both commercial and public domain are given as well. Finally, the future development direction of Web GIS is predicted.
文摘In this paper, we review recent emerging theoretical and technological advances of artificial intelligence （AI） in the big data settings. We conclude that integrating data-driven machine learning with human knowledge （common priors or implicit intuitions） can effectively lead to explainable, robust, and general AI, as follows： from shallow computation to deep neural reasoning; from merely data-driven model to data-driven with structured logic rules models; from task-oriented （domain-specific） intelligence （adherence to explicit instructions） to artificial general intelligence in a general context （the capability to learn from experience）. Motivated by such endeavors, the next generation of AI, namely AI 2.0, is positioned to reinvent computing itself, to transform big data into structured knowledge, and to enable better decision-making for our society.
文摘Since its inception at Zhejiang University in 2005,the International Conference on the Universal Digital Library(ICUDL)has been held around the globe in Alexandria,Egypt,Carnegie Mellon University,USA,and at Allahabad in India.This
文摘1 Fundamental issue 1:expression of visual knowledge Cognitive psychology has for a long time considered that an important part of human memory is visual knowledge,which is used for conducting concrete thinking.Therefore,visual-based artificial intelligence(Al)is a subject that Al cannot bypass and is of great significance.As a continuation of the previous article“On visual knowledge”(Pan,2019),in this paper we discuss five fundamental issues about visual knowledge.
文摘With the ever-growing popularization of the Internet,universal existence of sensors,emergence of big data,development of e-commerce,rise of the information community,and interconnection and fusion of data and knowledge in human society,physical space,and cyberspace,the information environment surrounding artificial intelligence(AI)
文摘This paper presents the concept of“visual knowledge.”Visual knowledge is a new form of knowledge representation that is different from all other visual representations or knowledge representations that have emerged in artificial intelligence(AI)development.A visual concept is composed of prototypes,category structures,hierarchical structures,action structures,etc.It can further constitute a visual proposition,incorporating scene structures and their dynamics,and the visual proposition can then be used to narrate a visual scene.This paper suggests that careful utilization of developments from computer graphics technology will contribute to realizing visual knowledge representation,and to its reasoning and analysis,and that careful utilization of progression from computer vision will promote the learning of visual knowledge.Representation,reasoning,learning,and utilization of visual knowledge will form a key step toward remarkable breakthroughs in the era of AI 2.0.
文摘In July 2017,the Chinese government issued a guideline on developing artificial intelligence（AI）,namely,the‘New-Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan’,through 2030 to the public,setting a goal of becoming a global innovation center in this field by 2030.According to the development plan,breakthroughs should be made in basic theories of AI in terms of big data intelligence.
