Within the framework of the two-scale scattering model,the Doppler shift of C-band radar return signals from the nonlinear sea surface are numerically evaluated.As an analytical approximation method,the Bragg resonanc...Within the framework of the two-scale scattering model,the Doppler shift of C-band radar return signals from the nonlinear sea surface are numerically evaluated.As an analytical approximation method,the Bragg resonance scattering method cannot accurately describe the backscattering field from sea surface.Therefore,in the twoscale scattering model,more accurate scattering coefficient(the normalized radar cross section,NRCS)evaluated by the C-band dual-polarized(HH/VV)empirical geophysical model function(CSAR model)is employed to replace the traditional Bragg NRCS to weight the Doppler shift.The numerical results indicate that there are obvious differences between the Doppler shift weighted by the CSAR NRCS and that weighted by the traditional Bragg NRCS.The hydrodynamic modulation of the large-scale waves is one of the important factors that affect the difference between the Doppler shift predicted in upwind and downwind directions.If the relaxation rate in the hydrodynamic modulation is set to be the angular frequency of the dominant water waves,the Doppler shift predicted by the numerical method can fit the results of the empirical model(C-band empirical geophysical model function,CDOP)well at moderate wind speed.Under low wind condition,the comparison shows that the empirical CDOP model appears to overestimate the Doppler shift.In order to facilitate the application,at the end of this paper a semi-empirical CSAR-DOP model,which is a polynomial fitting formula,is developed for evaluating the Doppler shift of C-band signals from time varying sea surface.展开更多
To study the genetic association and epistatic interaction of the interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-10/STAT3 pathways in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODSA total of 159 pediatric inflammatory IBD patients (...To study the genetic association and epistatic interaction of the interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-10/STAT3 pathways in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODSA total of 159 pediatric inflammatory IBD patients (Crohn’s disease, n = 136; ulcerative colitis, n = 23) and 129 matched controls were studied for genetic association of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IL-10 gene and the genes IL10RA, IL10RB, STAT3, and HO1, from the IL-10/STAT3 signaling pathway. As interactions between SNPs from different loci may significantly affect the associated risk for disease, additive (a) and dominant (d) modeling of SNP interactions was also performed to examine high-order epistasis between combinations of the individual SNPs. RESULTSThe results showed that IL-10 rs304496 was associated with pediatric IBD (P = 0.022), but no association was found for two other IL-10 SNPs, rs1800872 and rs2034498, or for SNPs in genes IL10RA, IL10RB, STAT3, and HO1. However, analysis of epistatic interaction among these genes showed significant interactions: (1) between two IL-10 SNPs rs1800872 and rs3024496 (additive-additive P = 0.00015, Bonferroni P value (Bp) = 0.003); (2) between IL-10RB rs2834167 and HO1 rs2071746 (dominant-additive, P = 0.0018, Bp = 0.039); and (3) among IL-10 rs1800872, IL10RB rs2834167, and HO1 rs2071746 (additive-dominant-additive, P = 0.00015, Bp = 0.005), as well as weak interactions among IL-10 rs1800872, IL-10 rs3024496, and IL-10RA (additive-additive-additive, P = 0.003; Bp = 0.099), and among IL10RA, IL10RB, and HO1 genes (additive-dominant-additive, P = 0.008, Bp = 0.287). CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that both the IL-10 gene itself, and through epistatic interaction with genes within the IL-10/STAT3 signaling pathway, contribute to the risk of pediatric IBD.展开更多
A normalized full-length cDNA library was constructed from the coralloid roots of Cycas debaoensis by the DSN （duplex-specific nuclease） normalization method combined with the SMART （Switching Mechanism At 5＇ end ...A normalized full-length cDNA library was constructed from the coralloid roots of Cycas debaoensis by the DSN （duplex-specific nuclease） normalization method combined with the SMART （Switching Mechanism At 5＇ end of the RNA Transcript） technique. The titer of the original cDNA library was about 1.5 × 10^6 cfu·mL^-1 and the average insertion size was about 1 kb with a high recombination rate （97%）. The 5011 high-quality expressed sequence tags （ESTs） were obtained from 5393 randomly picked cDNA clones. Clustering and assembly of ESTs resulted in 2984 unique sequences, consisting of 618 contigs and 2366 singlets. EST sequence annotation revealed that 2333 and 1901 unigenes were functionally anno- tated in the NCBI non-redundant database and Swiss-Prot protein database, respectively. Functional analysis demonstrated that 1495 （50.1%） unigenes were associated with 4082 Gene Ontology （GO） terms. A total of 847 unigenes were grouped into 22 Cluster of Orthologous Groups （COG） functional categories. Based on the EST dataset, 22 ESTs that encoded putative receptor-like protein kinase （RLK） genes were screened. Furthermore, a total of 94 simple sequence repeats （SSRs） were discovered, of which 20 loci were successfully amplified in C debaoensis. This study is the first EST analysis for the coralloid roots of C debaoensis and provides a valuable genomic resource for novel gene discovery, gene expression and comparative genomics, conservation and management studies as well as applications in C debaoensis and related cycad species.展开更多
The response relationship between equivalent neutral wind speed anomaly(ENWSA)and sea-air temperature difference anomaly(SATDA)has been analyzed over four typical sea regions,i.e.,the Kuroshio Extension,the Gulf Strea...The response relationship between equivalent neutral wind speed anomaly(ENWSA)and sea-air temperature difference anomaly(SATDA)has been analyzed over four typical sea regions,i.e.,the Kuroshio Extension,the Gulf Stream,the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence and the Agulhas Return Current.The results show that ENWSA is more sensitive to SATDA than sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA),which implies that SATDA seems to be a more suitable parameter than SSTA to analyze the mesoscale air-sea interactions.Here,the slope of the linear relation between ENWSA and SATDA is defined as the air-sea coupling coefficient.It is found that the values of the coupling coefficient over the four typical sea areas have obvious seasonal variations and geographical differences.In order to reveal the reason of the seasonal variation and geographical difference of the coupling coefficient,the influences of some environmental background factors,such as the spatially averaged sea surface temperature(SST),the spatially averaged air temperature,the spatially averaged sea-air temperature difference and the spatially averaged equivalent neutral wind speed,on the coupling coefficient are discussed in detail.The results reveal that the background sea-air temperature difference is an important environmental factor which directly affects the magnitude of the coupling coefficients,meanwhile,the seasonal and geographical variations of the coupling coefficient.展开更多
This paper studies the factors that affect the safe full heading of machine-transplanted rice seedlings in the temperate and cool ricegrowing areas,and explores the influence of machine-transplanted rice seedling vari...This paper studies the factors that affect the safe full heading of machine-transplanted rice seedlings in the temperate and cool ricegrowing areas,and explores the influence of machine-transplanted rice seedling varieties,seedling age,nitrogen fertilizer application rate and management on the safe full heading of machine-transplanted rice seedlings. Results show that for the mechanized production in the temperate and cool rice-growing areas,we should select the mid-early maturity cold-resistant varieties with growth period of not exceeding 180 d,control the seedling age to be 30- 35 d and total amount of pure nitrogen to be not more than 300 kg / ha,and moderately reduce the nitrogen fertilizer postponing ratio. Under this condition,we can achieve safe full heading of machine-transplanted rice seedlings and ensure the yield.展开更多
Membrane filtration is one of the effective approaches to harvest microalgae for industrial biofuel production.However,during the filtration process,microalgae cells and extracellular organic matter(EOM)will deposit o...Membrane filtration is one of the effective approaches to harvest microalgae for industrial biofuel production.However,during the filtration process,microalgae cells and extracellular organic matter(EOM)will deposit on the membrane surface leading to reversible membrane fouling that can be removed by physical methods.When hydrophobic EOM is adsorbed on the membrane surface or inside pores,it will build up a gel layer,causing irreversible membrane fouling.Irreversible fouling can only be removed using chemical methods that will decrease membrane lifespan and increase operational costs.Here,we introduce a versatile superhydrophilic membrane with photo-Fenton self-cleaning property,which can prevent the reversible fouling and remove the irreversible fouling.Tannic acid(TA)and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES)were co-deposited on the polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)membrane via Schiff base and Michael addition reactions,andβ-FeOOH nanorods were inlaid on the membrane surface by in situ mineralization.The water contact angle of the modified membrane is reduced from 120°to 0°Under 60 min visible light,the hydroxyl radical(·OH)generated by the photo-Fenton reaction degraded the irreversible fouling that blocked membrane pores.The irreversible fouling rates of modified membrane was reduced from 39.57%to 3.26%,compared with the original membrane.Microalgae harvesting results illustrated that the membrane has a high flux recovery rate(FRR)of 98.2%,showed excellent passive antifouling and active antifouling performance.We believe this work will spark a novel platform for optimizing energy-efficient microalgae harvesting separation membrane modules.In addition,this method of anti-fouling filtration for microorganisms can be extended to the industrial production of various bioenergy sources and will have very promising practical applications.展开更多
As a renewable and sustainable source for energy,environment,and biomedical applications,microalgae and microalgal biodiesel have attracted great attention.However,their applications are confined due to the cost-effic...As a renewable and sustainable source for energy,environment,and biomedical applications,microalgae and microalgal biodiesel have attracted great attention.However,their applications are confined due to the cost-efficiency of microalgal mass production.One-step strategy and continuous culturing systems could be solutions.However,current studies for optimization throughout microalgae-based biofuel production pipelines are generally derived from the batch culture process.Better tools are needed to study algal growth kinetics in continuous systems.A microfluidic chemostatic bioreactor was presented here,providing low-bioadhesive cultivations for algae in a cooperative environment of gas,nutrition,and temperature(GNT)involved with high throughput.The chip was used to mimic the continuous culture environment of bioreactors.It allowed simultaneously studying of 8×8 different chemostatic conditions on algal growth and oil production in parallel on a 7×7 cm^(2)footprint.On-chip experiments of batch and continuous cultures of Chlorella.sp.were performed to study growth and lipid accumulation under different nitrogen concentrations.The results demonstrated that microalgal cultures can be regulated to grow and accumulate lipids concurrently,thus enhancing lipid productivity in one step.The developed on-chip culturing condition screening,which was more suitable for continuous bioreactor,was achieved at a half shorter time,64-times higher throughput,and less reagent consumption.It could be used to establish chemostat cultures in continuous bioreactors which can dramatically accelerate the development of renewable and sustainable algal for CO_(2)fixation and biosynthesis and related systems for advanced sustainable energy,food,pharmacy,and agriculture with enormous social and ecological benefits.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41976167the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province (International Science and Technology Cooperation) under contract No.2019GHZ023。
文摘Within the framework of the two-scale scattering model,the Doppler shift of C-band radar return signals from the nonlinear sea surface are numerically evaluated.As an analytical approximation method,the Bragg resonance scattering method cannot accurately describe the backscattering field from sea surface.Therefore,in the twoscale scattering model,more accurate scattering coefficient(the normalized radar cross section,NRCS)evaluated by the C-band dual-polarized(HH/VV)empirical geophysical model function(CSAR model)is employed to replace the traditional Bragg NRCS to weight the Doppler shift.The numerical results indicate that there are obvious differences between the Doppler shift weighted by the CSAR NRCS and that weighted by the traditional Bragg NRCS.The hydrodynamic modulation of the large-scale waves is one of the important factors that affect the difference between the Doppler shift predicted in upwind and downwind directions.If the relaxation rate in the hydrodynamic modulation is set to be the angular frequency of the dominant water waves,the Doppler shift predicted by the numerical method can fit the results of the empirical model(C-band empirical geophysical model function,CDOP)well at moderate wind speed.Under low wind condition,the comparison shows that the empirical CDOP model appears to overestimate the Doppler shift.In order to facilitate the application,at the end of this paper a semi-empirical CSAR-DOP model,which is a polynomial fitting formula,is developed for evaluating the Doppler shift of C-band signals from time varying sea surface.
基金Supported by a Children Miracle Network Research Grant,No.132698 to Lin Z(P.I.)and Thomas NJ(Co-P.I.)(2011-2013)and Floros J(P.I.)(2013-2014)
文摘To study the genetic association and epistatic interaction of the interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-10/STAT3 pathways in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODSA total of 159 pediatric inflammatory IBD patients (Crohn’s disease, n = 136; ulcerative colitis, n = 23) and 129 matched controls were studied for genetic association of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IL-10 gene and the genes IL10RA, IL10RB, STAT3, and HO1, from the IL-10/STAT3 signaling pathway. As interactions between SNPs from different loci may significantly affect the associated risk for disease, additive (a) and dominant (d) modeling of SNP interactions was also performed to examine high-order epistasis between combinations of the individual SNPs. RESULTSThe results showed that IL-10 rs304496 was associated with pediatric IBD (P = 0.022), but no association was found for two other IL-10 SNPs, rs1800872 and rs2034498, or for SNPs in genes IL10RA, IL10RB, STAT3, and HO1. However, analysis of epistatic interaction among these genes showed significant interactions: (1) between two IL-10 SNPs rs1800872 and rs3024496 (additive-additive P = 0.00015, Bonferroni P value (Bp) = 0.003); (2) between IL-10RB rs2834167 and HO1 rs2071746 (dominant-additive, P = 0.0018, Bp = 0.039); and (3) among IL-10 rs1800872, IL10RB rs2834167, and HO1 rs2071746 (additive-dominant-additive, P = 0.00015, Bp = 0.005), as well as weak interactions among IL-10 rs1800872, IL-10 rs3024496, and IL-10RA (additive-additive-additive, P = 0.003; Bp = 0.099), and among IL10RA, IL10RB, and HO1 genes (additive-dominant-additive, P = 0.008, Bp = 0.287). CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that both the IL-10 gene itself, and through epistatic interaction with genes within the IL-10/STAT3 signaling pathway, contribute to the risk of pediatric IBD.
基金supported by the Grant(201522)from Shenzhen Urban Management
文摘A normalized full-length cDNA library was constructed from the coralloid roots of Cycas debaoensis by the DSN （duplex-specific nuclease） normalization method combined with the SMART （Switching Mechanism At 5＇ end of the RNA Transcript） technique. The titer of the original cDNA library was about 1.5 × 10^6 cfu·mL^-1 and the average insertion size was about 1 kb with a high recombination rate （97%）. The 5011 high-quality expressed sequence tags （ESTs） were obtained from 5393 randomly picked cDNA clones. Clustering and assembly of ESTs resulted in 2984 unique sequences, consisting of 618 contigs and 2366 singlets. EST sequence annotation revealed that 2333 and 1901 unigenes were functionally anno- tated in the NCBI non-redundant database and Swiss-Prot protein database, respectively. Functional analysis demonstrated that 1495 （50.1%） unigenes were associated with 4082 Gene Ontology （GO） terms. A total of 847 unigenes were grouped into 22 Cluster of Orthologous Groups （COG） functional categories. Based on the EST dataset, 22 ESTs that encoded putative receptor-like protein kinase （RLK） genes were screened. Furthermore, a total of 94 simple sequence repeats （SSRs） were discovered, of which 20 loci were successfully amplified in C debaoensis. This study is the first EST analysis for the coralloid roots of C debaoensis and provides a valuable genomic resource for novel gene discovery, gene expression and comparative genomics, conservation and management studies as well as applications in C debaoensis and related cycad species.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2016YFC1401008the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41976167 and 41576170the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaShandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers under contract No.U1606404.
文摘The response relationship between equivalent neutral wind speed anomaly(ENWSA)and sea-air temperature difference anomaly(SATDA)has been analyzed over four typical sea regions,i.e.,the Kuroshio Extension,the Gulf Stream,the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence and the Agulhas Return Current.The results show that ENWSA is more sensitive to SATDA than sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA),which implies that SATDA seems to be a more suitable parameter than SSTA to analyze the mesoscale air-sea interactions.Here,the slope of the linear relation between ENWSA and SATDA is defined as the air-sea coupling coefficient.It is found that the values of the coupling coefficient over the four typical sea areas have obvious seasonal variations and geographical differences.In order to reveal the reason of the seasonal variation and geographical difference of the coupling coefficient,the influences of some environmental background factors,such as the spatially averaged sea surface temperature(SST),the spatially averaged air temperature,the spatially averaged sea-air temperature difference and the spatially averaged equivalent neutral wind speed,on the coupling coefficient are discussed in detail.The results reveal that the background sea-air temperature difference is an important environmental factor which directly affects the magnitude of the coupling coefficients,meanwhile,the seasonal and geographical variations of the coupling coefficient.
文摘This paper studies the factors that affect the safe full heading of machine-transplanted rice seedlings in the temperate and cool ricegrowing areas,and explores the influence of machine-transplanted rice seedling varieties,seedling age,nitrogen fertilizer application rate and management on the safe full heading of machine-transplanted rice seedlings. Results show that for the mechanized production in the temperate and cool rice-growing areas,we should select the mid-early maturity cold-resistant varieties with growth period of not exceeding 180 d,control the seedling age to be 30- 35 d and total amount of pure nitrogen to be not more than 300 kg / ha,and moderately reduce the nitrogen fertilizer postponing ratio. Under this condition,we can achieve safe full heading of machine-transplanted rice seedlings and ensure the yield.
基金supported by the Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Cooperation Project(No.20210002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31870994).
文摘Membrane filtration is one of the effective approaches to harvest microalgae for industrial biofuel production.However,during the filtration process,microalgae cells and extracellular organic matter(EOM)will deposit on the membrane surface leading to reversible membrane fouling that can be removed by physical methods.When hydrophobic EOM is adsorbed on the membrane surface or inside pores,it will build up a gel layer,causing irreversible membrane fouling.Irreversible fouling can only be removed using chemical methods that will decrease membrane lifespan and increase operational costs.Here,we introduce a versatile superhydrophilic membrane with photo-Fenton self-cleaning property,which can prevent the reversible fouling and remove the irreversible fouling.Tannic acid(TA)and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES)were co-deposited on the polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)membrane via Schiff base and Michael addition reactions,andβ-FeOOH nanorods were inlaid on the membrane surface by in situ mineralization.The water contact angle of the modified membrane is reduced from 120°to 0°Under 60 min visible light,the hydroxyl radical(·OH)generated by the photo-Fenton reaction degraded the irreversible fouling that blocked membrane pores.The irreversible fouling rates of modified membrane was reduced from 39.57%to 3.26%,compared with the original membrane.Microalgae harvesting results illustrated that the membrane has a high flux recovery rate(FRR)of 98.2%,showed excellent passive antifouling and active antifouling performance.We believe this work will spark a novel platform for optimizing energy-efficient microalgae harvesting separation membrane modules.In addition,this method of anti-fouling filtration for microorganisms can be extended to the industrial production of various bioenergy sources and will have very promising practical applications.
基金All others acknowledge the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41476085,No.81471807)Dalian Science&Technology Bureau(Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Fund 2019J12SN55)+1 种基金General Program of Liaoning Science&Technology Department(2021-MS-345)Major Scientific Project of Interscholastic Collaboration of Universities of Liaoning(No.JYT-dldxjc-202001).
文摘As a renewable and sustainable source for energy,environment,and biomedical applications,microalgae and microalgal biodiesel have attracted great attention.However,their applications are confined due to the cost-efficiency of microalgal mass production.One-step strategy and continuous culturing systems could be solutions.However,current studies for optimization throughout microalgae-based biofuel production pipelines are generally derived from the batch culture process.Better tools are needed to study algal growth kinetics in continuous systems.A microfluidic chemostatic bioreactor was presented here,providing low-bioadhesive cultivations for algae in a cooperative environment of gas,nutrition,and temperature(GNT)involved with high throughput.The chip was used to mimic the continuous culture environment of bioreactors.It allowed simultaneously studying of 8×8 different chemostatic conditions on algal growth and oil production in parallel on a 7×7 cm^(2)footprint.On-chip experiments of batch and continuous cultures of Chlorella.sp.were performed to study growth and lipid accumulation under different nitrogen concentrations.The results demonstrated that microalgal cultures can be regulated to grow and accumulate lipids concurrently,thus enhancing lipid productivity in one step.The developed on-chip culturing condition screening,which was more suitable for continuous bioreactor,was achieved at a half shorter time,64-times higher throughput,and less reagent consumption.It could be used to establish chemostat cultures in continuous bioreactors which can dramatically accelerate the development of renewable and sustainable algal for CO_(2)fixation and biosynthesis and related systems for advanced sustainable energy,food,pharmacy,and agriculture with enormous social and ecological benefits.
