The development of earth-abundant electrocatalysts with high performance for electrochemical CO_(2)reduction(ECR)is of great significance.Cu-based catalysts have been widely investigated for ECR due to their unique ab...The development of earth-abundant electrocatalysts with high performance for electrochemical CO_(2)reduction(ECR)is of great significance.Cu-based catalysts have been widely investigated for ECR due to their unique ability to generate various carbonaceous products,but directing selectivity toward one certain product and identifying the real active sites during ECR are still full of challenge.Here,after the incorporation of CdO into CuO,the Cu_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)-O catalyst achieves a 10.3-fold enhancement for CO selectivity in comparison with CuO,and a CO faradic efficiency nearly 90%with a current density around20 mA cm^(-2)could maintain at least 60 h.Interestingly,a wide CO/H_(2)ratio(0.07-10)is reached on Cu_(x)Cd_(1-x)-O catalysts by varying the Cu/Cd ratio,demonstrating the potential of syngas production using such catalysts.The results of ex situ XRD,XPS,and in situ Raman reveal that the real active sites of Cu_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)-O catalysts for CO production during ECR reaction are the reconstructed mixed phases of CuCd alloy and CdCO_(3).In situ FTIR and theoretical calculations further implicate the presence of Cd related species promotes the CO desorption and inhibits the H_(2)evolution,thus leading to an enhanced CO generation.展开更多
Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction to formate is a potential approach to achieving global carbon neutrality.Here,Cu1Bi1bimetallic catalyst was prepared by a co-precipitation method.It has a ginger like composite structur...Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction to formate is a potential approach to achieving global carbon neutrality.Here,Cu1Bi1bimetallic catalyst was prepared by a co-precipitation method.It has a ginger like composite structure(CuO/CuBi_(2)O_(4))and exhibited a high formate faradaic efficiency of 98.07%at–0.98 V and a large current density of–56.12 mA.cm^(-2)at–1.28 V,which is twice as high as Bi2O3catalyst.Especially,high selectivity(FE^(–)_(HCOO)>85%)is maintained over a wide potential window of 500 mV.In-situ Raman measurements and structure characterization revealed that the reduced Cu1Bi1bimetallic catalyst possesses abundant Cu-Bi interfaces and residual Bi-O structures.The abundant Cu-Bi interface structures on the catalyst surface can provide abundant active sites for CO_(2)RR,while the Bi-O structures may stabilize the CO_(2)^(*–)intermediate.The synergistic effect of abundant Cu-Bi interfaces and Bi-O species promotes the efficient synthesis of formate by following the OCHO^(*)pathway.展开更多
The demand for building-integrated photovoltaics and portable energy systems based on flexible photovoltaic technology such as perovskite embedded with exceptional flexibility and a superior power-to-mass ratio is eno...The demand for building-integrated photovoltaics and portable energy systems based on flexible photovoltaic technology such as perovskite embedded with exceptional flexibility and a superior power-to-mass ratio is enormous.The photoactive layer,i.e.,the perovskite thin film,as a critical component of flexible perovskite solar cells(F-PSCs),still faces long-term stability issues when deformation occurs due to encountering temperature changes that also affect intrinsic rigidity.This literature investigation summarizes the main factors responsible for the rapid destruction of F-PSCs.We focus on long-term mechanical stability of F-PSCs together with the recent research protocols for improving this performance.Furthermore,we specify the progress in F-PSCs concerning precise design strategies of the functional layer to enhance the flexural endurance of perovskite films,such as internal stress engineering,grain boundary modification,self-healing strategy,and crystallization regulation.The existing challenges of oxygen-moisture stability and advanced encapsulation technologies of F-PSCs are also discussed.As concluding remarks,we propose our viewpoints on the large-scale commercial application of F-PSCs.展开更多
Colloidal synthesis of metal nanoclusters will inevitably lead to the blockage of catalytically active sites by organic ligands.Here,taking[Au_(25)(PET)_(18)]-(PET=2-phenylethanethiol)nanocluster as a model catalyst,t...Colloidal synthesis of metal nanoclusters will inevitably lead to the blockage of catalytically active sites by organic ligands.Here,taking[Au_(25)(PET)_(18)]-(PET=2-phenylethanethiol)nanocluster as a model catalyst,this work reports a feasible procedure to achieve the controllably partial removal of thiolate ligands from unsupported[Au_(25)(PET)_(18)]-nanoclusters with the preservation of the core structure.This procedure shortens the processing duration by rapid heating and cooling on the basis of traditional annealing treatment,avoiding the reconfiguration or agglomeration of Au_(25)nanoclusters,where the degree of dethiolation can be regulated by the control of duration.This work finds that a moderate degree of dethiolation can expose the Au active sites while maintaining the suppression of the competing hydrogen evolution reaction.Consequently,the activity and selectivity towards CO formation in electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction of Au_(25)nanoclusters can be promoted.This work provides a new approach for the removal of thiolate ligands from atomically precise gold nanoclusters.展开更多
Familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP)is an autosomal dominant disease with a high probability of becoming cancerous.Many RNAs potentially associated with FAP have not been identified.In this study,a circRNA(circular RNA...Familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP)is an autosomal dominant disease with a high probability of becoming cancerous.Many RNAs potentially associated with FAP have not been identified.In this study,a circRNA(circular RNA)expression profile of FAP was established using a circRNA microarray,and differentially expressed circRNAs were verified by RT-qPCR.The effects of hsa_circ_0036740 on the malignant behavior of tumor cells(proliferation,apoptosis,and epithelial mesenchymal transition)and the levels of C3A complement protein expression were evaluated.Moreover,neutrophils were isolated and co-cultured with colorectal cancer cells(CRCs),followed by measurements of MPO-DNA,citrullinated histone H3,interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and IL-8 levels.Nuclear translocation of arginine deiminase 4(PAD4)was observed using immunofluorescence assays.Based on the high-throughput assay,238 downregulated circRNAs,and 38 upregulated circRNAs were identified.A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis suggested that immune regulation might be involved in FAP.A total of 10 DECs(differentially expressed circular RNAs)were identified by RT-qPCR,and among them,hsa_circ_0036740 showed the highest fold-change in upregulation.Results of gain-of-and loss-of-function studies revealed that hsa_circ_0036740 enhanced the malignant behavior of tumor cells,such as metastasis,proliferation,and apoptosis,with an increasing level of C3A complement.Moreover,hsa_circ_0036740 also significantly increased neutrophil extracellular trap formation and inflammation in neutrophils,as shown by an increased expression of PAD4.In conclusion,this study revealed the expression profiles of circRNAs in FAP and confirmed the possible involvement of hsa_circ_0036740 in the immune regulation mediated by neutrophils.Finally,hsa_circ_0036740 was suggested as a new therapeutic target for CRC.展开更多
[Objectives]This study aimed to investigate the effects of whole-crop maize silage harvested at different stages on growth and economic benefits of beef cattle.[Methods]A total of 30 Simmental crossbred cattle weighin...[Objectives]This study aimed to investigate the effects of whole-crop maize silage harvested at different stages on growth and economic benefits of beef cattle.[Methods]A total of 30 Simmental crossbred cattle weighing about 378 kg were randomly divided into three groups,respectively fed for 70 days with whole-crop maize silage harvested at milk stage(GroupⅠ),dough stage(GroupⅡ)and physiological maturity stage(GroupⅢ).Moreover,the cattle in all groups were given the same concentrate diet.[Results]There were significant differences in dry matter,crude protein and neutral detergent fiber between whole-crop maize silages harvested at different stages(P<0.05).The dry matter in GroupⅡandⅢwas significantly higher than that in GroupⅠ(P<0.05).The crude protein content peaked in GroupⅡ,up to 6.37%,which was significantly higher than that in GroupⅠ(by 12.74%,P<0.05)and GroupⅢ(by 9.26%,P<0.05).Starch content significantly increased with the postponing of maize harvest(P<0.05).The content of neutral detergent fiber in Group I was significantly higher than that in GroupⅡ(P<0.05)and GroupⅢ(P<0.05).The average daily weight gain in GroupⅡwas 8.53%higher than that in GroupⅠ(P<0.05)and 3.70%higher than that in GroupⅢ(P>0.05).The dry matter intake in GroupⅡwas significantly higher than that in GroupⅠ(P<0.05)and GroupⅢ(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in feed/gain ratio between the groups(P>0.05).The economic benefit in GroupⅡwas the highest,up to 9.99 yuan/day per capita.,followed by that in GroupⅢ,9.79 yuan/day per capita,and that in GroupⅠwas the lowest,only 8.03 yuan/day per capita.[Conclusions]The whole-crop maize silage harvested at dough stage has the best quality and produces the highest economic returns for beef cattle.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to study the effects of whole-plant corn silage and whole-plant wheat silage on growth performance and economic benefits of beef cattle.[Methods]Thirty Simmental crossbred cattle w...[Objectives]This study was conducted to study the effects of whole-plant corn silage and whole-plant wheat silage on growth performance and economic benefits of beef cattle.[Methods]Thirty Simmental crossbred cattle were selected and randomly divided based on their weight into two groups,15 cows in each group,with an average weight of 398 kg.Each group was fed the same concentrated feed,and the whole-plant corn silage and wheat silage were fed as roughage feed,respectively.The experimental period was 90 d.[Results](1)There was no significant difference in the initial weight of beef cattle between test group 1 and test group 2(P>0.05).Compared with group 2,group 1 had a higher final weight,average daily gain,and dry matter intake of beef cattle,without significant differences(P>0.05).Group 1 was 0.58%,1.99%,and 1.43%higher than group 2,respectively.The feed-to-gain ratio of test group 1 decreased by 0.54%compared with test group 2(P>0.05),with no significant difference therebetween.(2)The economic benefit of group 1 was 11.45 yuan/(day·capita),while the economic benefit of group 2 was 2.41 yuan/(day·capita),and group 1 was 9.04 yuan/(day·capita)higher than group 2.[Conclusions]Whole-plant corn silage for feeding beef cattle has the advantages of good weight gain and low breeding cost,and can be popularized in beef cattle fattening.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the pesticide residue status of bananas in Tangshan area and the dietary intake risk of consumers.[Methods]High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectro...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the pesticide residue status of bananas in Tangshan area and the dietary intake risk of consumers.[Methods]High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS)was applied to detect 70 pesticide residues in 191 batches of banana samples extracted from Tangshan area,and chronic and acute risk assessments were conducted.[Results]Among the 191 batches of bananas,172 batches of samples were detected to contain agrochemicals,with a detection rate of 90.05%.Seventeen agrochemicals were detected,accounting for 24.29%of the total agrochemicals tested.There was a phenomenon of multiple pesticide residues in a single sample,and high detection rates were found in carbendazim(49.21%),prochloraz(41.88%),pyraclostrobin(34.03%)and imidacloprid(30.37%).According to GB 2763-2021 National Food Safety Standards—Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides in Food,the over-standard rate of imidacloprid was 17.8%;and the chronic and acute dietary risks of the 17 pesticide residues were all less than 100%.[Conclusions]The pesticide residues in bananas consumed by consumers on a daily basis do not pose unacceptable dietary risks.展开更多
The large-scale synthesis of efficient nonprecious bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting is a great challenge for future renewable energy conversion systems. Herein, Ni_2P nanosheet arrays directly...The large-scale synthesis of efficient nonprecious bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting is a great challenge for future renewable energy conversion systems. Herein, Ni_2P nanosheet arrays directly grown on three-dimensional(3 D) Ni foam(Ni P/NF) are fabricated by hydrothermal treatment of metallic Ni foam with H_2O_2 solution and subsequent phosphidation with NaH_2PO_2. The Ni P/NF as electrocatalyst exhibits superior activities for both hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER). Most importantly, employing both as the cathode and anode for an alkaline water electrolyzer, Ni P/NF only requires a cell voltage of 1.63 V to reach a current density of 10 mV cm^(-2), together with stronger durability. Preliminary catalytic information suggests that the tailored 3 D superstructure and integrated electrode configurations afford improved active sties and enhanced electron/mass transfer,responding for the outstanding activity and stability.展开更多
Multifunctional non-precious catalysts for hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction(HER/OER) and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) constitute the bottleneck in the applications in electrochemical overall water splitting(OWS) a...Multifunctional non-precious catalysts for hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction(HER/OER) and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) constitute the bottleneck in the applications in electrochemical overall water splitting(OWS) and Zn-air batteries. Herein, a trifunctional electrocatalyst of urchin-like Al,P-codoped Co3O4 microspheres supported on Ni foam(denoted as AP-CONPs/NF) was fabricated via a hydrothermal process and subsequent low-temperature annealing and phosphorization, exhibiting enhanced OER, HER and ORR activities compared with single-doped and undoped samples. Their surface self-organized microstructure and excellent "superaerophobic" feature make a high bubble repellency, which boost diffusion of reactants and electrolyte-electrode intimate contact. The codoping of Al and P elements into Co3O4 betters right the balance among surface chemical state, the increased oxygen vacancies and the promoted charge transfer. Encouraged by these synergistic advantages, the AP-CONPs/NF was further employed as excellent bifunctional electrodes for the OWS(low cell voltage of 1.57 V at 10 mA cm-2) and as air cathode for rechargeable Zn-air batteries(high power density of 89.1 mW cm-2), which demonstrates a great feasibility for practical applications.展开更多
Bridging laboratory research and practical utilization is of crucial importance for the development of green ammonia synthetic technologies. A decentralized photo-assisted electrochemical-based demonstrator has been p...Bridging laboratory research and practical utilization is of crucial importance for the development of green ammonia synthetic technologies. A decentralized photo-assisted electrochemical-based demonstrator has been proposed for green ammonia synthesis from renewable electricity, air and water, where well-known defect-laden WO_(3) is used as the working electrode, and a commercially available PV panel supplies renewable electricity. In this demonstrator, defect-laden WO_(3) exhibits the optimum electrochemical NH_(3) formation rate(4.51 × 10^(-12)mol s^(-1)cm^(-2)) in 0.1 M K_(2)SO_(4)in a photovoltaic electrochemical(PV-EC) system. A system-level energy and cost analysis was conducted to investigate its economic viability and a general evaluation tool for system performance and cost estimation was proposed. This advance enables the possibility of integrating the small-scale green ammonia demonstrator into a stand-alone farm system.展开更多
Pedicularis longiflora var.tubiformis(Orobanchaceae)is an abundant parasitic herb mainly found in the Xiaopohu wetland of the Qinghai Lake Basin in Northwestern China.The species has an important local medicinal value...Pedicularis longiflora var.tubiformis(Orobanchaceae)is an abundant parasitic herb mainly found in the Xiaopohu wetland of the Qinghai Lake Basin in Northwestern China.The species has an important local medicinal value,and in this study,we evaluated the chemical profile of its stems,leaves and seeds using mass spectrometry.Dried samples of stems,leaves and seeds were grinded,weighted,and used for a series of extractions with an ultrasonic device at room temperature.The chemical profiles for each tissue were determined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS)and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(LC-MS).Twenty-seven amino acids and organic acids were identified and quantified from stems,leaves and seeds.The content of amino acids detected in leaves and seeds was higher than the amount found in stems.Six fla-vonoids were also detected,including isoorientin,orientin,luteolin-7-O-glucoside,luteolin,apigenin and tricin.The concentrations of luteolin-7-O-glucoside,luteolin and tricin were the highest and more concentrated in leaves,while that of orientin was the lowest and mainly found in stems.Soluble monosaccharides and oligosaccharides below tetramer were also examined,and our analyses detected the presence of arabitol,fructose,galacturonic acid,glucose,glucuronic acid,inositol,sucrose,and trehalose.This is the first study to identify and quantify the main components of amino acids,organic acids,flavonoids and soluble sugars from stems,leaves and seeds of P.longiflora var.tubiformis.Eight of the amino acids detected are essential for humans,highlighting the medicinal importance of this species.Results shown here can be used as a reference case to develop future studies on the chemical constituents of Pedicularis herbs and other medicinal plants from the Tibetan region.展开更多
Wheat(Triticum aestivum)is necessary for global food security.The necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis is the causal agent of sharp eyespot,a devastating disease of wheat.Although the Elongator complex,composed of...Wheat(Triticum aestivum)is necessary for global food security.The necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis is the causal agent of sharp eyespot,a devastating disease of wheat.Although the Elongator complex,composed of six subunits,has been implicated in growth,development,and innate immunity in Arabidopsis,little is known about its functions in wheat or the involvement of Elongator subunit 4 in histone acetylation.In this study,we identified the Elongator subunit 4-encoding gene Ta ELP4 in wheat resistance response to R.cerealis,and verified that Ta ELP4 increased histone acetylation in regions of defenseassociated genes and regulated immune response to R.cerealis.Ta ELP4 was more highly expressed in resistant than in susceptible wheat cultivars and was induced in resistant wheat after infection by R.cerealis.Silencing of Ta ELP4 in wheat not only impaired resistance to R.cerealis,but also repressed both histone acetylation levels and the expression of a subset of defense-associated genes,including Ta AGC1,Ta CPK7-D,Ta PAL5,Defensin,and Chitinase2.Ectopic expression of Ta ELP4 in Arabidopsis increased histone acetylation levels in coding and promoter regions of defense genes and increased their transcription,leading to increased resistance to infection by the pathogen Botrytis cinerea.These results suggest that Ta ELP4 positively regulates innate immune responses of wheat and Arabidopsis to R.cerealis and B.cinerea by increasing histone acetylation levels of defense-associated genes and increasing their transcription.This study has shed light on the involvement of Ta ELP4 in histone acetylation and resistance response against R.cerealis.Ta ELP4 may potentially be used to improve wheat resistance against sharp eyespot.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the pain degree of the patients with chronic non-cancer pain by using the evaluation model constituted by heart rate variability,anxiety and depression scale and quality of life rating scale,and ...Objective:To evaluate the pain degree of the patients with chronic non-cancer pain by using the evaluation model constituted by heart rate variability,anxiety and depression scale and quality of life rating scale,and to evaluate the efficacy after treatment and nursing intervention.Methods:100 patients with chronic non-cancer pain treated in our hospital from February 2016 to April 2017 were selected to compare their heart rate variability,score of anxiety and depression,score of quality of life and NRS score before and after treatment and nursing intervention.Results:After treatment and nursing intervention,the heart rate variability time domain SDNN increased and the difference is significant(P<0.05);the score of anxiety and depression was lower than that before intervention(P<0.05);the scores of various dimensions of quality of life were higher than those before intervention(P<0.05);the NRS score was lower than that before intervention(P<0.05).Conclusion:The evaluation model constituted by heart rate variability,anxiety and depression scale and quality of life rating scale can be used to evaluate the pain degree of the patients with chronic non-cancer pain and to evaluate the efficacy after treatment and nursing intervention,which is worthy of clinic application.展开更多
Dear Editor,Infection with the novel coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2,which is the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19))was first reported in Wuhan,China on December 31,2019.The outbreak of COVID-19 rema...Dear Editor,Infection with the novel coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2,which is the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19))was first reported in Wuhan,China on December 31,2019.The outbreak of COVID-19 remains ongoing and was linked to more than 80,000 infected patients and more than 3,000 deaths in China as of March 7,2020(Holshue et al.,2020).展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China with grant number of 22172082 and 21978137。
文摘The development of earth-abundant electrocatalysts with high performance for electrochemical CO_(2)reduction(ECR)is of great significance.Cu-based catalysts have been widely investigated for ECR due to their unique ability to generate various carbonaceous products,but directing selectivity toward one certain product and identifying the real active sites during ECR are still full of challenge.Here,after the incorporation of CdO into CuO,the Cu_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)-O catalyst achieves a 10.3-fold enhancement for CO selectivity in comparison with CuO,and a CO faradic efficiency nearly 90%with a current density around20 mA cm^(-2)could maintain at least 60 h.Interestingly,a wide CO/H_(2)ratio(0.07-10)is reached on Cu_(x)Cd_(1-x)-O catalysts by varying the Cu/Cd ratio,demonstrating the potential of syngas production using such catalysts.The results of ex situ XRD,XPS,and in situ Raman reveal that the real active sites of Cu_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)-O catalysts for CO production during ECR reaction are the reconstructed mixed phases of CuCd alloy and CdCO_(3).In situ FTIR and theoretical calculations further implicate the presence of Cd related species promotes the CO desorption and inhibits the H_(2)evolution,thus leading to an enhanced CO generation.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22172082,21978137,and 21878162)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(20JCZDJC00770)+1 种基金the NCC Fund(NCC2020FH05)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction to formate is a potential approach to achieving global carbon neutrality.Here,Cu1Bi1bimetallic catalyst was prepared by a co-precipitation method.It has a ginger like composite structure(CuO/CuBi_(2)O_(4))and exhibited a high formate faradaic efficiency of 98.07%at–0.98 V and a large current density of–56.12 mA.cm^(-2)at–1.28 V,which is twice as high as Bi2O3catalyst.Especially,high selectivity(FE^(–)_(HCOO)>85%)is maintained over a wide potential window of 500 mV.In-situ Raman measurements and structure characterization revealed that the reduced Cu1Bi1bimetallic catalyst possesses abundant Cu-Bi interfaces and residual Bi-O structures.The abundant Cu-Bi interface structures on the catalyst surface can provide abundant active sites for CO_(2)RR,while the Bi-O structures may stabilize the CO_(2)^(*–)intermediate.The synergistic effect of abundant Cu-Bi interfaces and Bi-O species promotes the efficient synthesis of formate by following the OCHO^(*)pathway.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4200052)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21975088)+2 种基金the Department of Science and Technology of Hubei Province(2022EHB009)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M711236)S.A.thanks European Research Council(MOLEMAT-726360)for support.
文摘The demand for building-integrated photovoltaics and portable energy systems based on flexible photovoltaic technology such as perovskite embedded with exceptional flexibility and a superior power-to-mass ratio is enormous.The photoactive layer,i.e.,the perovskite thin film,as a critical component of flexible perovskite solar cells(F-PSCs),still faces long-term stability issues when deformation occurs due to encountering temperature changes that also affect intrinsic rigidity.This literature investigation summarizes the main factors responsible for the rapid destruction of F-PSCs.We focus on long-term mechanical stability of F-PSCs together with the recent research protocols for improving this performance.Furthermore,we specify the progress in F-PSCs concerning precise design strategies of the functional layer to enhance the flexural endurance of perovskite films,such as internal stress engineering,grain boundary modification,self-healing strategy,and crystallization regulation.The existing challenges of oxygen-moisture stability and advanced encapsulation technologies of F-PSCs are also discussed.As concluding remarks,we propose our viewpoints on the large-scale commercial application of F-PSCs.
基金the financial support of the Training Program of the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92061124)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975292,21978331,22068008,and 52101186)+3 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515010167 and 2022A1515011196)the Guangzhou Key R&D Program/Plan Unveiled Flagship Project(20220602JBGS02)the Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Project(202201011449)the Research Fund Program of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology(FC202220 and FC202216)。
文摘Colloidal synthesis of metal nanoclusters will inevitably lead to the blockage of catalytically active sites by organic ligands.Here,taking[Au_(25)(PET)_(18)]-(PET=2-phenylethanethiol)nanocluster as a model catalyst,this work reports a feasible procedure to achieve the controllably partial removal of thiolate ligands from unsupported[Au_(25)(PET)_(18)]-nanoclusters with the preservation of the core structure.This procedure shortens the processing duration by rapid heating and cooling on the basis of traditional annealing treatment,avoiding the reconfiguration or agglomeration of Au_(25)nanoclusters,where the degree of dethiolation can be regulated by the control of duration.This work finds that a moderate degree of dethiolation can expose the Au active sites while maintaining the suppression of the competing hydrogen evolution reaction.Consequently,the activity and selectivity towards CO formation in electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction of Au_(25)nanoclusters can be promoted.This work provides a new approach for the removal of thiolate ligands from atomically precise gold nanoclusters.
基金supported by The Scientific Research Cultivation Project of Meizhou People’s Hospital(No.PY-C2019001).
文摘Familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP)is an autosomal dominant disease with a high probability of becoming cancerous.Many RNAs potentially associated with FAP have not been identified.In this study,a circRNA(circular RNA)expression profile of FAP was established using a circRNA microarray,and differentially expressed circRNAs were verified by RT-qPCR.The effects of hsa_circ_0036740 on the malignant behavior of tumor cells(proliferation,apoptosis,and epithelial mesenchymal transition)and the levels of C3A complement protein expression were evaluated.Moreover,neutrophils were isolated and co-cultured with colorectal cancer cells(CRCs),followed by measurements of MPO-DNA,citrullinated histone H3,interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and IL-8 levels.Nuclear translocation of arginine deiminase 4(PAD4)was observed using immunofluorescence assays.Based on the high-throughput assay,238 downregulated circRNAs,and 38 upregulated circRNAs were identified.A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis suggested that immune regulation might be involved in FAP.A total of 10 DECs(differentially expressed circular RNAs)were identified by RT-qPCR,and among them,hsa_circ_0036740 showed the highest fold-change in upregulation.Results of gain-of-and loss-of-function studies revealed that hsa_circ_0036740 enhanced the malignant behavior of tumor cells,such as metastasis,proliferation,and apoptosis,with an increasing level of C3A complement.Moreover,hsa_circ_0036740 also significantly increased neutrophil extracellular trap formation and inflammation in neutrophils,as shown by an increased expression of PAD4.In conclusion,this study revealed the expression profiles of circRNAs in FAP and confirmed the possible involvement of hsa_circ_0036740 in the immune regulation mediated by neutrophils.Finally,hsa_circ_0036740 was suggested as a new therapeutic target for CRC.
基金Supported by the Fourth Batch of High-end Talent Project in Hebei ProvinceHebei Provincial Forage Innovation Team Building from the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(HBCT2018160403)。
文摘[Objectives]This study aimed to investigate the effects of whole-crop maize silage harvested at different stages on growth and economic benefits of beef cattle.[Methods]A total of 30 Simmental crossbred cattle weighing about 378 kg were randomly divided into three groups,respectively fed for 70 days with whole-crop maize silage harvested at milk stage(GroupⅠ),dough stage(GroupⅡ)and physiological maturity stage(GroupⅢ).Moreover,the cattle in all groups were given the same concentrate diet.[Results]There were significant differences in dry matter,crude protein and neutral detergent fiber between whole-crop maize silages harvested at different stages(P<0.05).The dry matter in GroupⅡandⅢwas significantly higher than that in GroupⅠ(P<0.05).The crude protein content peaked in GroupⅡ,up to 6.37%,which was significantly higher than that in GroupⅠ(by 12.74%,P<0.05)and GroupⅢ(by 9.26%,P<0.05).Starch content significantly increased with the postponing of maize harvest(P<0.05).The content of neutral detergent fiber in Group I was significantly higher than that in GroupⅡ(P<0.05)and GroupⅢ(P<0.05).The average daily weight gain in GroupⅡwas 8.53%higher than that in GroupⅠ(P<0.05)and 3.70%higher than that in GroupⅢ(P>0.05).The dry matter intake in GroupⅡwas significantly higher than that in GroupⅠ(P<0.05)and GroupⅢ(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in feed/gain ratio between the groups(P>0.05).The economic benefit in GroupⅡwas the highest,up to 9.99 yuan/day per capita.,followed by that in GroupⅢ,9.79 yuan/day per capita,and that in GroupⅠwas the lowest,only 8.03 yuan/day per capita.[Conclusions]The whole-crop maize silage harvested at dough stage has the best quality and produces the highest economic returns for beef cattle.
基金Supported by The Fourth Batch of High-end Talent Project in Hebei ProvinceHebei Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talents(21130243A)。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to study the effects of whole-plant corn silage and whole-plant wheat silage on growth performance and economic benefits of beef cattle.[Methods]Thirty Simmental crossbred cattle were selected and randomly divided based on their weight into two groups,15 cows in each group,with an average weight of 398 kg.Each group was fed the same concentrated feed,and the whole-plant corn silage and wheat silage were fed as roughage feed,respectively.The experimental period was 90 d.[Results](1)There was no significant difference in the initial weight of beef cattle between test group 1 and test group 2(P>0.05).Compared with group 2,group 1 had a higher final weight,average daily gain,and dry matter intake of beef cattle,without significant differences(P>0.05).Group 1 was 0.58%,1.99%,and 1.43%higher than group 2,respectively.The feed-to-gain ratio of test group 1 decreased by 0.54%compared with test group 2(P>0.05),with no significant difference therebetween.(2)The economic benefit of group 1 was 11.45 yuan/(day·capita),while the economic benefit of group 2 was 2.41 yuan/(day·capita),and group 1 was 9.04 yuan/(day·capita)higher than group 2.[Conclusions]Whole-plant corn silage for feeding beef cattle has the advantages of good weight gain and low breeding cost,and can be popularized in beef cattle fattening.
基金Supported by The Fourth Batch of High-end Talent Project in Hebei ProvinceHebei Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talents(21130243A).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the pesticide residue status of bananas in Tangshan area and the dietary intake risk of consumers.[Methods]High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS)was applied to detect 70 pesticide residues in 191 batches of banana samples extracted from Tangshan area,and chronic and acute risk assessments were conducted.[Results]Among the 191 batches of bananas,172 batches of samples were detected to contain agrochemicals,with a detection rate of 90.05%.Seventeen agrochemicals were detected,accounting for 24.29%of the total agrochemicals tested.There was a phenomenon of multiple pesticide residues in a single sample,and high detection rates were found in carbendazim(49.21%),prochloraz(41.88%),pyraclostrobin(34.03%)and imidacloprid(30.37%).According to GB 2763-2021 National Food Safety Standards—Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides in Food,the over-standard rate of imidacloprid was 17.8%;and the chronic and acute dietary risks of the 17 pesticide residues were all less than 100%.[Conclusions]The pesticide residues in bananas consumed by consumers on a daily basis do not pose unacceptable dietary risks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21421001,21573115)the 111 project(B12015)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering(2017-K13)~~
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21421001,21573115)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(17JCYBJC17100)
文摘The large-scale synthesis of efficient nonprecious bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting is a great challenge for future renewable energy conversion systems. Herein, Ni_2P nanosheet arrays directly grown on three-dimensional(3 D) Ni foam(Ni P/NF) are fabricated by hydrothermal treatment of metallic Ni foam with H_2O_2 solution and subsequent phosphidation with NaH_2PO_2. The Ni P/NF as electrocatalyst exhibits superior activities for both hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER). Most importantly, employing both as the cathode and anode for an alkaline water electrolyzer, Ni P/NF only requires a cell voltage of 1.63 V to reach a current density of 10 mV cm^(-2), together with stronger durability. Preliminary catalytic information suggests that the tailored 3 D superstructure and integrated electrode configurations afford improved active sties and enhanced electron/mass transfer,responding for the outstanding activity and stability.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21421001,21573115,21875118)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(17JCYBJC17100,19JCZDJC37700)。
文摘Multifunctional non-precious catalysts for hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction(HER/OER) and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) constitute the bottleneck in the applications in electrochemical overall water splitting(OWS) and Zn-air batteries. Herein, a trifunctional electrocatalyst of urchin-like Al,P-codoped Co3O4 microspheres supported on Ni foam(denoted as AP-CONPs/NF) was fabricated via a hydrothermal process and subsequent low-temperature annealing and phosphorization, exhibiting enhanced OER, HER and ORR activities compared with single-doped and undoped samples. Their surface self-organized microstructure and excellent "superaerophobic" feature make a high bubble repellency, which boost diffusion of reactants and electrolyte-electrode intimate contact. The codoping of Al and P elements into Co3O4 betters right the balance among surface chemical state, the increased oxygen vacancies and the promoted charge transfer. Encouraged by these synergistic advantages, the AP-CONPs/NF was further employed as excellent bifunctional electrodes for the OWS(low cell voltage of 1.57 V at 10 mA cm-2) and as air cathode for rechargeable Zn-air batteries(high power density of 89.1 mW cm-2), which demonstrates a great feasibility for practical applications.
基金grateful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada for supportthe Nation Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 21878162,21872102)+4 种基金support of the NSFC(52102311)the Program for Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams (2019ZT08L101)the Special Fund for the Sci-tech Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Province(210629095860472)the Shenzhen Natural Science Foundation(GXWD20201231105722002-20200824163747001)the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Eco-materials and Renewable Energy(ZDSYS20200922160400001)。
文摘Bridging laboratory research and practical utilization is of crucial importance for the development of green ammonia synthetic technologies. A decentralized photo-assisted electrochemical-based demonstrator has been proposed for green ammonia synthesis from renewable electricity, air and water, where well-known defect-laden WO_(3) is used as the working electrode, and a commercially available PV panel supplies renewable electricity. In this demonstrator, defect-laden WO_(3) exhibits the optimum electrochemical NH_(3) formation rate(4.51 × 10^(-12)mol s^(-1)cm^(-2)) in 0.1 M K_(2)SO_(4)in a photovoltaic electrochemical(PV-EC) system. A system-level energy and cost analysis was conducted to investigate its economic viability and a general evaluation tool for system performance and cost estimation was proposed. This advance enables the possibility of integrating the small-scale green ammonia demonstrator into a stand-alone farm system.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41761009)the Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province(2017-ZJ-904)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Fund of Ministry of Education“Chunhui Plan”(Z2015074,Z2016111)the Key Laboratory of Medicinal Animal and Plant Resources of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in Qinghai Province(2020-ZJ-Y40)the Young and Middle-Aged Research Foundation of Qinghai Normal University(2017-33).
文摘Pedicularis longiflora var.tubiformis(Orobanchaceae)is an abundant parasitic herb mainly found in the Xiaopohu wetland of the Qinghai Lake Basin in Northwestern China.The species has an important local medicinal value,and in this study,we evaluated the chemical profile of its stems,leaves and seeds using mass spectrometry.Dried samples of stems,leaves and seeds were grinded,weighted,and used for a series of extractions with an ultrasonic device at room temperature.The chemical profiles for each tissue were determined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS)and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(LC-MS).Twenty-seven amino acids and organic acids were identified and quantified from stems,leaves and seeds.The content of amino acids detected in leaves and seeds was higher than the amount found in stems.Six fla-vonoids were also detected,including isoorientin,orientin,luteolin-7-O-glucoside,luteolin,apigenin and tricin.The concentrations of luteolin-7-O-glucoside,luteolin and tricin were the highest and more concentrated in leaves,while that of orientin was the lowest and mainly found in stems.Soluble monosaccharides and oligosaccharides below tetramer were also examined,and our analyses detected the presence of arabitol,fructose,galacturonic acid,glucose,glucuronic acid,inositol,sucrose,and trehalose.This is the first study to identify and quantify the main components of amino acids,organic acids,flavonoids and soluble sugars from stems,leaves and seeds of P.longiflora var.tubiformis.Eight of the amino acids detected are essential for humans,highlighting the medicinal importance of this species.Results shown here can be used as a reference case to develop future studies on the chemical constituents of Pedicularis herbs and other medicinal plants from the Tibetan region.
基金supported by the programs of the Chinese Key Research&Development Plan Project(2016YFD0101004)the National Transgenic Research Program of China(2016ZX08002-001-004)。
文摘Wheat(Triticum aestivum)is necessary for global food security.The necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis is the causal agent of sharp eyespot,a devastating disease of wheat.Although the Elongator complex,composed of six subunits,has been implicated in growth,development,and innate immunity in Arabidopsis,little is known about its functions in wheat or the involvement of Elongator subunit 4 in histone acetylation.In this study,we identified the Elongator subunit 4-encoding gene Ta ELP4 in wheat resistance response to R.cerealis,and verified that Ta ELP4 increased histone acetylation in regions of defenseassociated genes and regulated immune response to R.cerealis.Ta ELP4 was more highly expressed in resistant than in susceptible wheat cultivars and was induced in resistant wheat after infection by R.cerealis.Silencing of Ta ELP4 in wheat not only impaired resistance to R.cerealis,but also repressed both histone acetylation levels and the expression of a subset of defense-associated genes,including Ta AGC1,Ta CPK7-D,Ta PAL5,Defensin,and Chitinase2.Ectopic expression of Ta ELP4 in Arabidopsis increased histone acetylation levels in coding and promoter regions of defense genes and increased their transcription,leading to increased resistance to infection by the pathogen Botrytis cinerea.These results suggest that Ta ELP4 positively regulates innate immune responses of wheat and Arabidopsis to R.cerealis and B.cinerea by increasing histone acetylation levels of defense-associated genes and increasing their transcription.This study has shed light on the involvement of Ta ELP4 in histone acetylation and resistance response against R.cerealis.Ta ELP4 may potentially be used to improve wheat resistance against sharp eyespot.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the pain degree of the patients with chronic non-cancer pain by using the evaluation model constituted by heart rate variability,anxiety and depression scale and quality of life rating scale,and to evaluate the efficacy after treatment and nursing intervention.Methods:100 patients with chronic non-cancer pain treated in our hospital from February 2016 to April 2017 were selected to compare their heart rate variability,score of anxiety and depression,score of quality of life and NRS score before and after treatment and nursing intervention.Results:After treatment and nursing intervention,the heart rate variability time domain SDNN increased and the difference is significant(P<0.05);the score of anxiety and depression was lower than that before intervention(P<0.05);the scores of various dimensions of quality of life were higher than those before intervention(P<0.05);the NRS score was lower than that before intervention(P<0.05).Conclusion:The evaluation model constituted by heart rate variability,anxiety and depression scale and quality of life rating scale can be used to evaluate the pain degree of the patients with chronic non-cancer pain and to evaluate the efficacy after treatment and nursing intervention,which is worthy of clinic application.
基金supported by the grants from Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2020YFS0014 and 2020YFS0558)the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5032)Technology&Science&Technology Bureau of Chengdu(2020YF05-00060-SN and 2020-YF05-00075-SN)。
文摘Dear Editor,Infection with the novel coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2,which is the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19))was first reported in Wuhan,China on December 31,2019.The outbreak of COVID-19 remains ongoing and was linked to more than 80,000 infected patients and more than 3,000 deaths in China as of March 7,2020(Holshue et al.,2020).
