This review updates the present status of the field of molecular markers and marker-assisted selection(MAS),using the example of drought tolerance in barley.The accuracy of selected quantitative trait loci(QTLs),candi...This review updates the present status of the field of molecular markers and marker-assisted selection(MAS),using the example of drought tolerance in barley.The accuracy of selected quantitative trait loci(QTLs),candidate genes and suggested markers was assessed in the barley genome cv.Morex.Six common strategies are described for molecular marker development,candidate gene identification and verification,and their possible applications in MAS to improve the grain yield and yield components in barley under drought stress.These strategies are based on the following five principles:(1)Molecular markers are designated as genomic‘tags’,and their‘prediction’is strongly dependent on their distance from a candidate gene on genetic or physical maps;(2)plants react differently under favourable and stressful conditions or depending on their stage of development;(3)each candidate gene must be verified by confirming its expression in the relevant conditions,e.g.,drought;(4)the molecular marker identified must be validated for MAS for tolerance to drought stress and improved grain yield;and(5)the small number of molecular markers realized for MAS in breeding,from among the many studies targeting candidate genes,can be explained by the complex nature of drought stress,and multiple stress-responsive genes in each barley genotype that are expressed differentially depending on many other factors.展开更多
Gene editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 have been used to improve many agricultural traits,from disease resistance to grain quality.Now,emerging research has used CRISPR/Cas9 and other gene editing technologies ...Gene editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 have been used to improve many agricultural traits,from disease resistance to grain quality.Now,emerging research has used CRISPR/Cas9 and other gene editing technologies to target plant reproduction,including major areas such as flowering time and seed dormancy.Traits related to these areas have important implications for agriculture,as manipulation of flowering time has multiple applications,including tailoring crops for regional adaptation and improving yield.Moreover,understanding seed dormancy will enable approaches to improve germination upon planting and prevent pre-harvest sprouting.Here,we summarize trends and recent advances in using gene editing to gain a better understanding of plant reproduction and apply the resulting information for crop improvement.展开更多
基金supported by Bolashak International Fellowships,Center for International Programs,Ministry of Education and Science,KazakhstanAP14869777 supported by the Ministry of Education and Science,KazakhstanResearch Projects BR10764991 and BR10765000 supported by the Ministry of Agriculture,Kazakhstan。
文摘This review updates the present status of the field of molecular markers and marker-assisted selection(MAS),using the example of drought tolerance in barley.The accuracy of selected quantitative trait loci(QTLs),candidate genes and suggested markers was assessed in the barley genome cv.Morex.Six common strategies are described for molecular marker development,candidate gene identification and verification,and their possible applications in MAS to improve the grain yield and yield components in barley under drought stress.These strategies are based on the following five principles:(1)Molecular markers are designated as genomic‘tags’,and their‘prediction’is strongly dependent on their distance from a candidate gene on genetic or physical maps;(2)plants react differently under favourable and stressful conditions or depending on their stage of development;(3)each candidate gene must be verified by confirming its expression in the relevant conditions,e.g.,drought;(4)the molecular marker identified must be validated for MAS for tolerance to drought stress and improved grain yield;and(5)the small number of molecular markers realized for MAS in breeding,from among the many studies targeting candidate genes,can be explained by the complex nature of drought stress,and multiple stress-responsive genes in each barley genotype that are expressed differentially depending on many other factors.
基金supported by a personal grant to NB from Huaiyin Normal University,Huai’an(China)The Ministry of Education and Science(Kazakhstan)also provided financial support for this research through Research Program BR05236500(SJ).
文摘Gene editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 have been used to improve many agricultural traits,from disease resistance to grain quality.Now,emerging research has used CRISPR/Cas9 and other gene editing technologies to target plant reproduction,including major areas such as flowering time and seed dormancy.Traits related to these areas have important implications for agriculture,as manipulation of flowering time has multiple applications,including tailoring crops for regional adaptation and improving yield.Moreover,understanding seed dormancy will enable approaches to improve germination upon planting and prevent pre-harvest sprouting.Here,we summarize trends and recent advances in using gene editing to gain a better understanding of plant reproduction and apply the resulting information for crop improvement.
