Gradient nanostructure was introduced to enhance the strength and ductility via deformation incompatibility accommodated by geometrical necessary dislocations for most metallic materials recently.However,few intensive...Gradient nanostructure was introduced to enhance the strength and ductility via deformation incompatibility accommodated by geometrical necessary dislocations for most metallic materials recently.However,few intensive researches were carried out to investigate the effect of gradient structure on the deformation twin evolution and resulting performance improvements.In the present paper,we produced gradient-structured AZ31 Mg alloy with fine-grain layers,parallel twin laminates and a coarse-grain core from two upmost surfaces to the center of plate.Surprisingly,this architected Mg alloy exhibited simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility.Subsequent microstructural observations demonstrated that abundant twin-twin interactions resulting from higher strength and multi-axial stress state could make great contributions to the increase of work-hardening capability.This was further proved by the measurement of full-field strain evolution during the plastic deformation.Such a design strategy may provide a new path for producing advanced structure materials in which the deformation twinning works as one of the dominant plasticity mechanisms.展开更多
Degenerative disc disease(DDD) is associated with intervertebral disc degeneration of spinal instability. Here, we report that the cilia of nucleus pulposus(NP) cells mediate mechanotransduction to maintain anabolic a...Degenerative disc disease(DDD) is associated with intervertebral disc degeneration of spinal instability. Here, we report that the cilia of nucleus pulposus(NP) cells mediate mechanotransduction to maintain anabolic activity in the discs. We found that mechanical stress promotes transport of parathyroid hormone 1 receptor(PTH1 R) to the cilia and enhances parathyroid hormone(PTH) signaling in NP cells. PTH induces transcription of integrin α_vβ_6 to activate the transforming growth factor(TGF)-β-connective tissue growth factor(CCN2)-matrix proteins signaling cascade. Intermittent injection of PTH(iPTH) effectively attenuates disc degeneration of aged mice by direct signaling through NP cells, specifically improving intervertebral disc height and volume by increasing levels of TGF-β activity, CCN2, and aggrecan. PTH1 R is expressed in both mouse and human NP cells. Importantly,knockout PTH1 R or cilia in the NP cells results in significant disc degeneration and blunts the effect of PTH on attenuation of aged discs. Thus, mechanical stress-induced transport of PTH1 R to the cilia enhances PTH signaling, which helps maintain intervertebral disc homeostasis, particularly during aging, indicating therapeutic potential of iPTH for DDD.展开更多
Osteoporosis(OP)is a common age-related disease characterized by a deterioration of bone mass and structure that predisposes patients to fragility fractures.Pharmaceutical therapies that promote anabolic bone formatio...Osteoporosis(OP)is a common age-related disease characterized by a deterioration of bone mass and structure that predisposes patients to fragility fractures.Pharmaceutical therapies that promote anabolic bone formation in OP patients and OP-induced fracture are needed.We investigated whether a neutralizing antibody against Siglec-15 can simultaneously inhibit bone resorption and stimulate bone formation.We found that the multinucleation of osteoclasts was inhibited in SIGLEC-15 conditional knockout mice and mice undergoing Siglec-15 neutralizing antibody treatment.The secretion of platelet-derived growth factor-BB(PDGF-BB),the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive(TRAP+)mononuclear cells,and bone formation were significantly increased in the SIGLEC-15 conditional knockout mice and antibody-treated mice.The anabolic effect of the Siglec-15 neutralizing antibody on bone formation was blunted in mice with Pdgfb deleted in TRAP-1"cells.These findings showed that the anabolic effect of the Siglec-15 neutralizing antibody was mediated by elevating PDGF-BB production of TRAP4 mononuclear cells.To test the therapeutic potential of the Siglec-15 neutralizing antibody,we injected the antibody in an ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic mouse model,which mimics postmenopausal osteoporosis in women,and in two fracture healing models because fracture is the most serious health consequence of osteoporosis.The Siglec-15 neutralizing antibody effectively reduced bone resorption and stimulated bone formation in estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis.Of note,the Siglec-15 neutralizing antibody promoted intramembranous and endochondral ossification at the damaged area of cortical bone in fracture healing mouse models.Thus,the Siglec-15 neutralizing antibody shows significant translational potential as a novel therapy for OP and bone fracture.展开更多
In this work,coarse-grained 316 L stainless steels were cold rolled with a thickness reduction of^83%(CR 83%).After annealing,the behaviors of the nanostructured stainless steel samples were systematically investigate...In this work,coarse-grained 316 L stainless steels were cold rolled with a thickness reduction of^83%(CR 83%).After annealing,the behaviors of the nanostructured stainless steel samples were systematically investigated in the temperatures range of 200C–650C.It was found that with increasing annealing temperature the volume fraction of theα0-martensite first increased to reach a maximum value at 400C,then the volume fraction decreased with further increases of the annealing temperature.The yield strength was increased from 1400 MPa to 1720 MPa after annealing;this strong hardening effect in cold rolled 316 L stainless steel was mainly attributed to the increase of the volume fraction ofα0-martensite.展开更多
Lead free tin perovskite solar cells(PKSCs)are the most suitable alternative candidate for conventional lead perovskite solar cells.However,the efficiency and the stability are insufficient,mainly because of the poor ...Lead free tin perovskite solar cells(PKSCs)are the most suitable alternative candidate for conventional lead perovskite solar cells.However,the efficiency and the stability are insufficient,mainly because of the poor film quality and numerous defects.Here we introduce an efficient strategy based on a simple trimethylsilyl halide surface passivation to increase the film quality and reduce the defect density.At the same time,a hydrophobic protective layer on the perovskite surface is formed,which enhanced the PKSCs’stability.The efficiency of the solar cell after the passivation was enhanced from 10.05%to 12.22%with the improved open-circuit voltage from 0.57 V to 0.70 V.In addition,after 92 days of storage in N_(2) filled glovebox,the modified T-PKSCs demonstrated high stability maintaining 80%of its initial efficiency.This work provides a simple and widely used strategy to optimize the surface/interface optoelectronic properties of perovskites for giving more efficient and stable solar cells and other optoelectronic devices.展开更多
Ferroptosis, a unique type of cell death, is characterized by iron-dependent accumulation and lipid peroxidation. It is closely related to multiple biological processes, including iron metabolism, polyunsaturated fatt...Ferroptosis, a unique type of cell death, is characterized by iron-dependent accumulation and lipid peroxidation. It is closely related to multiple biological processes, including iron metabolism, polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism, and the biosynthesis of compounds with antioxidant activities, including glutathione. In the past 10 years, increasing evidence has indicated a potentially strong relationship between ferroptosis and the onset and progression of age-related orthopedic diseases, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Therefore, in-depth knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis in age-related orthopedic diseases may help improve disease treatment and prevention. This review provides an overview of recent research on ferroptosis and its influences on bone and cartilage homeostasis. It begins with a brief overview of systemic iron metabolism and ferroptosis,particularly the potential mechanisms of ferroptosis. It presents a discussion on the role of ferroptosis in age-related orthopedic diseases, including promotion of bone loss and cartilage degradation and the inhibition of osteogenesis. Finally, it focuses on the future of targeting ferroptosis to treat age-related orthopedic diseases with the intention of inspiring further clinical research and the development of therapeutic strategies.展开更多
In this study,we aimed to investigate the causal associations of brain structure with bone mineral density(BMD).Based on the genome-wide association study(GWAS)summary statistics of 1325 brain imaging-derived phenotyp...In this study,we aimed to investigate the causal associations of brain structure with bone mineral density(BMD).Based on the genome-wide association study(GWAS)summary statistics of 1325 brain imaging-derived phenotypes(BIDPs)of brain structure from the UK Biobank and GWAS summary datasets of 5 BMD locations,including the total body,femoral neck,lumbar spine,forearm,and heel from the GEFOS Consortium,linkage disequilibrium score regression(LDSC)was conducted to determine the genetic correlations,and Mendelian randomization(MR)was then performed to explore the causal relationship between the BIDPs and BMD.Several sensitivity analyses were performed to verify the strength and stability of the present MR outcomes.To increase confidence in our findings,we also performed confirmatory MR between BIDPs and osteoporosis.LDSC revealed that 1.93%of BIDPs,with a false discovery rate(FDR)<0.01,were genetically correlated with BMD.Additionally,we observed that 1.31%of BIDPs exhibited a significant causal relationship with BMD(FDR<0.01)through MR.Both the LDSC and MR results demonstrated that the BIDPs“Volume of normalized brain,”“Volume of gray matter in Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus,pars opercularis,”“Volume of Estimated Total Intra Cranial”and“Volume-ratio of brain segmentation/estimated total intracranial”had strong associations with BMD.Interestingly,our results showed that more left BIDPs were causally associated with BMD,especially within and around the left frontal region.In conclusion,a part of the brain structure causally influences BMD,which may provide important perspectives for the prevention of osteoporosis and offer valuable insights for further research on the brain-bone axis.展开更多
Osteoarthritis(OA) in China is gradually becoming an important scientific research area that has had a significant impact on research and development(R&D) activities in the OA field worldwide. This article summari...Osteoarthritis(OA) in China is gradually becoming an important scientific research area that has had a significant impact on research and development(R&D) activities in the OA field worldwide. This article summarizes the R&D progress related to OA in China in recent years. The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) is a national funding institution for basic research and plays a critical role in promoting and supporting Chinese scholars’ R&D activities. We collected and analyzed information on NSFC funding in the field of OA from 2010 to 2019, including the amount, the level and the program categories of the funded projects. The data fully demonstrate the important and positive role of the NSFC in supporting free exploration, cultivating research teams and young talent, and boosting OA R&D. In this article, we outline and discuss hot topics in focused areas, key advances in this field and the prospects for progress in OA research in China.展开更多
The steels with excellent strength and ductility are expected to be achieved by tailoring the microstructural features.In this work,laminate dual-phase(DP)steels with high martensite content(laminate HMDP steels)were ...The steels with excellent strength and ductility are expected to be achieved by tailoring the microstructural features.In this work,laminate dual-phase(DP)steels with high martensite content(laminate HMDP steels)were produced by a combination of warm rolling and intercritical annealing.Influence of rolling strain and annealing temperature on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of laminate HMDP steels were systematically studied.The strength of HMDP steels was significantly improved to~1.6 GPa associated with a high uniform elongation of 7%,as long as the laminate structure is maintained.The strengthening and ductilizing mechanisms of laminate HMDP steels are discussed based on the influence of laminate structure and the high martensite content,which promote the development of internal stresses and can be correlated to the Bauschinger effect as measured by the cyclic loadingunloading-reloading experiments.Detailed transmission electron microscopy(TEM)observation was applied to characterize the dislocation structure in the deformed ferrite.展开更多
In recent years,there has been a growing usage of sparse representations in signal processing.This paper revisits theK-SVD,an algorithm for designing overcomplete dictionaries for sparse and redundant representations....In recent years,there has been a growing usage of sparse representations in signal processing.This paper revisits theK-SVD,an algorithm for designing overcomplete dictionaries for sparse and redundant representations.We present a newapproach to solve dictionary learning models by combining the alternating direction method of multipliers and the orthogonal matching pursuit.The experimental results show that our approach can reliably obtain better learned dictionary elements and outperform other algorithms.展开更多
Sarcopenia is an age-related disease that mainly involves decreases in muscle mass,muscle strength and muscle function.At the same time,the body fat content increases with aging,especially the visceral fat content.Adi...Sarcopenia is an age-related disease that mainly involves decreases in muscle mass,muscle strength and muscle function.At the same time,the body fat content increases with aging,especially the visceral fat content.Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that secretes biologically active factors called adipokines,which act on local and distant tissues.Studies have revealed that some adipokines exert regulatory effects on muscle,such as higher serum leptin levels causing a decrease in muscle function and adiponectin inhibits the transcriptional activity of Forkhead box O3(FoxO3)by activating peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γcoactivator-1α(PGC-1α)and sensitizing cells to insulin,thereby repressing atrophy-related genes(atrogin-1 and muscle RING finger 1[MuRF1])to prevent the loss of muscle mass.Here,we describe the effects on muscle of adipokines produced by adipose tissue,such as leptin,adiponectin,resistin,mucin and lipocalin-2,and discuss the importance of these adipokines for understanding the development of sarcopenia.展开更多
While the convergence of alternating direction method(ADM)for two sep-arable variables has been established for years,the validity of its direct generalizationto more than two blocks has been studying now.In this pape...While the convergence of alternating direction method(ADM)for two sep-arable variables has been established for years,the validity of its direct generalizationto more than two blocks has been studying now.In this paper,we propose an additionalrequirement on the constraints,i.e.,the pair-wise linear constraints and establish theconvergence of ADM for more than two blocks.Then we apply our approach to twokinds of optimization problems.We also show several numerical experiments to verifythe rationality of proposed algorithm.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11772268 and 12025205).The authors would like to appreciate the researchers in Nanjing university of science and technology for their support in preparation of gradient structured materials.
文摘Gradient nanostructure was introduced to enhance the strength and ductility via deformation incompatibility accommodated by geometrical necessary dislocations for most metallic materials recently.However,few intensive researches were carried out to investigate the effect of gradient structure on the deformation twin evolution and resulting performance improvements.In the present paper,we produced gradient-structured AZ31 Mg alloy with fine-grain layers,parallel twin laminates and a coarse-grain core from two upmost surfaces to the center of plate.Surprisingly,this architected Mg alloy exhibited simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility.Subsequent microstructural observations demonstrated that abundant twin-twin interactions resulting from higher strength and multi-axial stress state could make great contributions to the increase of work-hardening capability.This was further proved by the measurement of full-field strain evolution during the plastic deformation.Such a design strategy may provide a new path for producing advanced structure materials in which the deformation twinning works as one of the dominant plasticity mechanisms.
基金supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Numbers AR071432 and AR063943
文摘Degenerative disc disease(DDD) is associated with intervertebral disc degeneration of spinal instability. Here, we report that the cilia of nucleus pulposus(NP) cells mediate mechanotransduction to maintain anabolic activity in the discs. We found that mechanical stress promotes transport of parathyroid hormone 1 receptor(PTH1 R) to the cilia and enhances parathyroid hormone(PTH) signaling in NP cells. PTH induces transcription of integrin α_vβ_6 to activate the transforming growth factor(TGF)-β-connective tissue growth factor(CCN2)-matrix proteins signaling cascade. Intermittent injection of PTH(iPTH) effectively attenuates disc degeneration of aged mice by direct signaling through NP cells, specifically improving intervertebral disc height and volume by increasing levels of TGF-β activity, CCN2, and aggrecan. PTH1 R is expressed in both mouse and human NP cells. Importantly,knockout PTH1 R or cilia in the NP cells results in significant disc degeneration and blunts the effect of PTH on attenuation of aged discs. Thus, mechanical stress-induced transport of PTH1 R to the cilia enhances PTH signaling, which helps maintain intervertebral disc homeostasis, particularly during aging, indicating therapeutic potential of iPTH for DDD.
基金This research was partially supported by a grant from NextCure,Inc.and the NIH National Institute on Aging under Award Number P01AG066603.
文摘Osteoporosis(OP)is a common age-related disease characterized by a deterioration of bone mass and structure that predisposes patients to fragility fractures.Pharmaceutical therapies that promote anabolic bone formation in OP patients and OP-induced fracture are needed.We investigated whether a neutralizing antibody against Siglec-15 can simultaneously inhibit bone resorption and stimulate bone formation.We found that the multinucleation of osteoclasts was inhibited in SIGLEC-15 conditional knockout mice and mice undergoing Siglec-15 neutralizing antibody treatment.The secretion of platelet-derived growth factor-BB(PDGF-BB),the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive(TRAP+)mononuclear cells,and bone formation were significantly increased in the SIGLEC-15 conditional knockout mice and antibody-treated mice.The anabolic effect of the Siglec-15 neutralizing antibody on bone formation was blunted in mice with Pdgfb deleted in TRAP-1"cells.These findings showed that the anabolic effect of the Siglec-15 neutralizing antibody was mediated by elevating PDGF-BB production of TRAP4 mononuclear cells.To test the therapeutic potential of the Siglec-15 neutralizing antibody,we injected the antibody in an ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic mouse model,which mimics postmenopausal osteoporosis in women,and in two fracture healing models because fracture is the most serious health consequence of osteoporosis.The Siglec-15 neutralizing antibody effectively reduced bone resorption and stimulated bone formation in estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis.Of note,the Siglec-15 neutralizing antibody promoted intramembranous and endochondral ossification at the damaged area of cortical bone in fracture healing mouse models.Thus,the Siglec-15 neutralizing antibody shows significant translational potential as a novel therapy for OP and bone fracture.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0204403)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20191292)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(30919011256)the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro&Nano Materials and Technology.
文摘In this work,coarse-grained 316 L stainless steels were cold rolled with a thickness reduction of^83%(CR 83%).After annealing,the behaviors of the nanostructured stainless steel samples were systematically investigated in the temperatures range of 200C–650C.It was found that with increasing annealing temperature the volume fraction of theα0-martensite first increased to reach a maximum value at 400C,then the volume fraction decreased with further increases of the annealing temperature.The yield strength was increased from 1400 MPa to 1720 MPa after annealing;this strong hardening effect in cold rolled 316 L stainless steel was mainly attributed to the increase of the volume fraction ofα0-martensite.
文摘Lead free tin perovskite solar cells(PKSCs)are the most suitable alternative candidate for conventional lead perovskite solar cells.However,the efficiency and the stability are insufficient,mainly because of the poor film quality and numerous defects.Here we introduce an efficient strategy based on a simple trimethylsilyl halide surface passivation to increase the film quality and reduce the defect density.At the same time,a hydrophobic protective layer on the perovskite surface is formed,which enhanced the PKSCs’stability.The efficiency of the solar cell after the passivation was enhanced from 10.05%to 12.22%with the improved open-circuit voltage from 0.57 V to 0.70 V.In addition,after 92 days of storage in N_(2) filled glovebox,the modified T-PKSCs demonstrated high stability maintaining 80%of its initial efficiency.This work provides a simple and widely used strategy to optimize the surface/interface optoelectronic properties of perovskites for giving more efficient and stable solar cells and other optoelectronic devices.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (82071970,81874030, 82072506, 92268115, and 31930057)National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0111900 and 2018YFA0507802)+5 种基金Innovation-Driven Project of Central South University (2020CX045)Key Program of Health Commission of Hunan Province(20201902)Young Talents Project of Hubei Provincial Health Commission(WJ2021Q053)Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (No.2021RC3025)Innovation Project for Postgraduate Students of Central South University (2021zzts1024)Science and Technology Innovation Project of Jianghan University (2021kjzx008)。
文摘Ferroptosis, a unique type of cell death, is characterized by iron-dependent accumulation and lipid peroxidation. It is closely related to multiple biological processes, including iron metabolism, polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism, and the biosynthesis of compounds with antioxidant activities, including glutathione. In the past 10 years, increasing evidence has indicated a potentially strong relationship between ferroptosis and the onset and progression of age-related orthopedic diseases, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Therefore, in-depth knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis in age-related orthopedic diseases may help improve disease treatment and prevention. This review provides an overview of recent research on ferroptosis and its influences on bone and cartilage homeostasis. It begins with a brief overview of systemic iron metabolism and ferroptosis,particularly the potential mechanisms of ferroptosis. It presents a discussion on the role of ferroptosis in age-related orthopedic diseases, including promotion of bone loss and cartilage degradation and the inhibition of osteogenesis. Finally, it focuses on the future of targeting ferroptosis to treat age-related orthopedic diseases with the intention of inspiring further clinical research and the development of therapeutic strategies.
文摘In this study,we aimed to investigate the causal associations of brain structure with bone mineral density(BMD).Based on the genome-wide association study(GWAS)summary statistics of 1325 brain imaging-derived phenotypes(BIDPs)of brain structure from the UK Biobank and GWAS summary datasets of 5 BMD locations,including the total body,femoral neck,lumbar spine,forearm,and heel from the GEFOS Consortium,linkage disequilibrium score regression(LDSC)was conducted to determine the genetic correlations,and Mendelian randomization(MR)was then performed to explore the causal relationship between the BIDPs and BMD.Several sensitivity analyses were performed to verify the strength and stability of the present MR outcomes.To increase confidence in our findings,we also performed confirmatory MR between BIDPs and osteoporosis.LDSC revealed that 1.93%of BIDPs,with a false discovery rate(FDR)<0.01,were genetically correlated with BMD.Additionally,we observed that 1.31%of BIDPs exhibited a significant causal relationship with BMD(FDR<0.01)through MR.Both the LDSC and MR results demonstrated that the BIDPs“Volume of normalized brain,”“Volume of gray matter in Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus,pars opercularis,”“Volume of Estimated Total Intra Cranial”and“Volume-ratio of brain segmentation/estimated total intracranial”had strong associations with BMD.Interestingly,our results showed that more left BIDPs were causally associated with BMD,especially within and around the left frontal region.In conclusion,a part of the brain structure causally influences BMD,which may provide important perspectives for the prevention of osteoporosis and offer valuable insights for further research on the brain-bone axis.
文摘Osteoarthritis(OA) in China is gradually becoming an important scientific research area that has had a significant impact on research and development(R&D) activities in the OA field worldwide. This article summarizes the R&D progress related to OA in China in recent years. The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) is a national funding institution for basic research and plays a critical role in promoting and supporting Chinese scholars’ R&D activities. We collected and analyzed information on NSFC funding in the field of OA from 2010 to 2019, including the amount, the level and the program categories of the funded projects. The data fully demonstrate the important and positive role of the NSFC in supporting free exploration, cultivating research teams and young talent, and boosting OA R&D. In this article, we outline and discuss hot topics in focused areas, key advances in this field and the prospects for progress in OA research in China.
基金supported financially by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFA0204403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51931003,51601094,51601003,51701097 and 51901103)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.30917011106 and 30918011342)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BK20170843and BK20180492)。
文摘The steels with excellent strength and ductility are expected to be achieved by tailoring the microstructural features.In this work,laminate dual-phase(DP)steels with high martensite content(laminate HMDP steels)were produced by a combination of warm rolling and intercritical annealing.Influence of rolling strain and annealing temperature on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of laminate HMDP steels were systematically studied.The strength of HMDP steels was significantly improved to~1.6 GPa associated with a high uniform elongation of 7%,as long as the laminate structure is maintained.The strengthening and ductilizing mechanisms of laminate HMDP steels are discussed based on the influence of laminate structure and the high martensite content,which promote the development of internal stresses and can be correlated to the Bauschinger effect as measured by the cyclic loadingunloading-reloading experiments.Detailed transmission electron microscopy(TEM)observation was applied to characterize the dislocation structure in the deformed ferrite.
文摘In recent years,there has been a growing usage of sparse representations in signal processing.This paper revisits theK-SVD,an algorithm for designing overcomplete dictionaries for sparse and redundant representations.We present a newapproach to solve dictionary learning models by combining the alternating direction method of multipliers and the orthogonal matching pursuit.The experimental results show that our approach can reliably obtain better learned dictionary elements and outperform other algorithms.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82272611,82072506)National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders(Nos.2021KFJJ02 and 2021LNJJ05)+4 种基金National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics,Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation(No.2021-NCRC-CXJJ-PY-40)Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2021RC3025)Innovation-Driven Project of Central South university(No.2020CX045)Program of Health Commission of Hunan Province(202204074879)Independent Exploration and Innovation Project for Post-graduate Students of Central South University(No.2022ZZTS0906)
文摘Sarcopenia is an age-related disease that mainly involves decreases in muscle mass,muscle strength and muscle function.At the same time,the body fat content increases with aging,especially the visceral fat content.Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that secretes biologically active factors called adipokines,which act on local and distant tissues.Studies have revealed that some adipokines exert regulatory effects on muscle,such as higher serum leptin levels causing a decrease in muscle function and adiponectin inhibits the transcriptional activity of Forkhead box O3(FoxO3)by activating peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γcoactivator-1α(PGC-1α)and sensitizing cells to insulin,thereby repressing atrophy-related genes(atrogin-1 and muscle RING finger 1[MuRF1])to prevent the loss of muscle mass.Here,we describe the effects on muscle of adipokines produced by adipose tissue,such as leptin,adiponectin,resistin,mucin and lipocalin-2,and discuss the importance of these adipokines for understanding the development of sarcopenia.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072402,11874402,51627803,51421002,91733301,51761145042,and 51872321)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(112111KYSB20170089)。
文摘While the convergence of alternating direction method(ADM)for two sep-arable variables has been established for years,the validity of its direct generalizationto more than two blocks has been studying now.In this paper,we propose an additionalrequirement on the constraints,i.e.,the pair-wise linear constraints and establish theconvergence of ADM for more than two blocks.Then we apply our approach to twokinds of optimization problems.We also show several numerical experiments to verifythe rationality of proposed algorithm.
