Objective:Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment 3(ERGIC3)promotes cell proliferation and metastasis in lung cancer,but its molecular mechanism is unclear.Methods:The GLC-82 cells were randomly divided i...Objective:Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment 3(ERGIC3)promotes cell proliferation and metastasis in lung cancer,but its molecular mechanism is unclear.Methods:The GLC-82 cells were randomly divided into the ERGIC3i group and the negative control group.The cells were transfected with ERGIC3 siRNA or control siRNA in the groups,respectively.The ERGIC3-interacting proteins expressed in cells or extracellularly were isolated by the immunoprecipitation method and detected by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.The differentially expressed proteins were determined by bioinformatic methods.Results:After ERGIC3 knockdown,88 extracellular differentially expressed proteins,41 upregulated and 47 down-regulated,were detected in the supernatant of cultured cells.Among 52 intracellular differentially expressed proteins,33 were up-regulated and 19 down-regulated.Cluster analysis showed that the extracellular differential proteins are mainly involved in Ca2+binding and transport and I-kappa B kinase/NF-kappa B signal transduction.The upregulated proteins are mainly involved in the biological process of H3-K27 and H3-K4 methylation in cells.Co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that proteins interacting with ERGIC3 were rich in cytoskeleton construction and RHO GTPases activated p21-activated kinases.The intersection of these two research methods shows that ERGIC3 interacts with HORN and filamin A(FLNA).Conclusion:Proteomic analyses reveal that ERGIC3 acts as a vesicle transmembrane protein on the distribution of various extracellular and intracellular proteins and regulates the extracellular and intracellular biological processes by specifically binding hornin(HORN)and FLNA proteins.These findings maybe provide new methods and ideas for ERGIC3 as a therapeutic target for lung cancer.展开更多
To fulfill the requirements of data security in environments with nonequivalent resources,a high capacity data hiding scheme in encrypted image based on compressive sensing(CS)is proposed by fully utilizing the adapta...To fulfill the requirements of data security in environments with nonequivalent resources,a high capacity data hiding scheme in encrypted image based on compressive sensing(CS)is proposed by fully utilizing the adaptability of CS to nonequivalent resources.The original image is divided into two parts:one part is encrypted with traditional stream cipher;the other part is turned to the prediction error and then encrypted based on CS to vacate room simultaneously.The collected non-image data is firstly encrypted with simple stream cipher.For data security management,the encrypted non-image data is then embedded into the encrypted image,and the scrambling operation is used to further improve security.Finally,the original image and non-image data can be separably recovered and extracted according to the request from the valid users with different access rights.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms other data hiding methods based on CS,and is more suitable for nonequivalent resources.展开更多
Secure k-Nearest Neighbor(k-NN)query aims to find k nearest data of a given query from an encrypted database in a cloud server without revealing privacy to the untrusted cloud and has wide applications in many areas,s...Secure k-Nearest Neighbor(k-NN)query aims to find k nearest data of a given query from an encrypted database in a cloud server without revealing privacy to the untrusted cloud and has wide applications in many areas,such as privacy-preservingmachine elearning gand secure biometric identification.Several solutions have been put forward to solve this challenging problem.However,the existing schemes still suffer from various limitations in terms of efficiency and flexibility.In this paper,we propose a new encrypt-then-index strategy for the secure k-NN query,which can simultaneously achieve sub-linear search complexity(efficiency)and support dynamical update over the encrypted database(flexibility).Specifically,we propose a novel algorithm to transform the encrypted database and encrypted query points in the cloud.By indexing the transformed database using spatial data structures such as the R-tree index,our strategy enables sub-linear complexity for secure k-NN queries and allows users to dynamically update the encrypted database.To the best of our knowledge,the proposed strategy is the first to simultaneously provide these two properties.Through theoretical analysis and extensive experiments,we formally prove the security and demonstrate the efficiency of our scheme.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?There has been little to no description of sleep status among children and adolescents nationwide in recent years.What is added by this report?This report assesses the sl...Summary What is already known about this topic?There has been little to no description of sleep status among children and adolescents nationwide in recent years.What is added by this report?This report assesses the sleep duration and sleep patterns of children and adolescents in China.Approximately half of the adolescents did not get the recommended amount of sleep on school days,and more than half overslept on weekends.展开更多
With the substantial increase in image transmission,the demand for image security is increasing.Noise-like images can be obtained by conventional encryption schemes,and although the security of the images can be guara...With the substantial increase in image transmission,the demand for image security is increasing.Noise-like images can be obtained by conventional encryption schemes,and although the security of the images can be guaranteed,the noise-like images cannot be directly previewed and retrieved.Based on the rank-then-encipher method,some researchers have designed a three-pixel exact thumbnail preserving encryption(TPE2)scheme,which can be applied to balance the security and availability of images,but this scheme has low encryption efficiency.In this paper,we introduce an efficient exact thumbnail preserving encryption scheme.First,blocking and bit-plane decomposition operations are performed on the plaintext image.The zigzag scrambling model is used to change the bit positions in the lower four bit planes.Subsequently,an operation is devised to permute the higher four bit planes,which is an extended application of the hidden Markov model.Finally,according to the difference in bit weights in each bit plane,a bit-level weighted diffusion rule is established to generate an encrypted image and still maintain the same sum of pixels within the block.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves the encryption efficiency and can guarantee the availability of images while protecting their privacy.展开更多
The scientific evaluation of the wetland biodiversity conservation function is the basis of balanced wetland protection and development. Our research sought to provide references for the protection of wetland ecologic...The scientific evaluation of the wetland biodiversity conservation function is the basis of balanced wetland protection and development. Our research sought to provide references for the protection of wetland ecological environments as well as the related planning and management policies. The study established a fitting model for evaluating the biodiversity conservation function in the Liaohe Delta, northeastern China. The new model, the Wetland Biodiversity Conservation Indicator(WBCI), was with four input factors, including the vegetation coverage(VC), habitat suitability index(HI), land use and land cover(LULC) index(LI), and threat factor index(TI) of the LULC type. The values assigned to HI and TI were based on Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(In VEST)habitat quality models. The weights of all the factors in WBCI were valued with the Principal Component Analysis(PCA). We evaluated the wetland biodiversity conservation function of Panjin, Liaohe Delta, China, by using the WBCI model based on Gaofen-1(GF-1) satellite data in 2018, and the result was verified with In VEST and other models. It showed that the output map was similar to that of In VEST, with the higher-quality habitat including the wetland, tidal flat, water body, and forest, as well as the lower-quality land use types including the paddy field, crop field, construction land, and land used by traffic. The wetland biodiversity conservation function was better in areas less affected by human disturbance, with very abundant species and good-quality habitat. It was poor in areas impacted by more frequent human activities such as the land cultivation, housing, and traffic, which led to the landscape fragmentation. The WBCI model provided a more accurate reflection of the bird distribution than the In VEST model. The WBCI model was able to reflect the difference in quality of each habitat grade, in contrast to the net primary productivity(NPP) method and species distribution models(SDMs). The new model was, therefore, simpler and suitable in reflecting the quality of wetland biodiversity function in the Liaohe Delta.展开更多
Because of its unique geographical location and ecological function, the Liaohe Delta Wetland is important in maintaining regional ecological balance and security. Monitoring and evaluating changes in the wetland are ...Because of its unique geographical location and ecological function, the Liaohe Delta Wetland is important in maintaining regional ecological balance and security. Monitoring and evaluating changes in the wetland are therefore of great importance. We used medium-and high-resolution satellite data, meteorological station data, and site measurement data to analyze changes in the area and spatial distribution of Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa in the Liaohe Delta Wetland from 1998 to 2017, as well as their growth response to the climate change. The results showed that during 1998–2017, the areas of both P. australis and S. salsa wetlands alternated through periods of decreasing,increasing, and then decreasing trends. The annual change in the area and spatial distribution range of S. salsa fluctuated more than that of P. australis. The annual variation of normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) in P. australis wetland showed an upward trend from 1998 to 2017. The area of P. australis cover that was improved, unchanged, and decreased accounted for 81.8%, 12.3%, and 5.9%, respectively, of the total area;evaporation and wind speed were the main meteorological factors affecting the NDVI;and contribution rates of the climate change and human activities to the NDVI were 73.2% and 26.8%, respectively. The area with vegetation cover being mainly S.salsa that was improved, unchanged, and decreased accounted for 63.3%, 18.3%, and 18.4%, respectively, of the total area;and no meteorological factors significantly affected the NDVI of S. salsa in the region. The interaction between vegetation growth and meteorological factors may help to explain the increasing trend in vegetation cover.The improvement in wetland vegetation also led to carbon sequestration and an increase in sequestration capacity.展开更多
Solid polymer electrolytes have demonstrated high promise to solve the safety problems caused by conventional liquid electrolytes in lithium ion batteries.However,the inherent flammability of most polymer electrolyte ...Solid polymer electrolytes have demonstrated high promise to solve the safety problems caused by conventional liquid electrolytes in lithium ion batteries.However,the inherent flammability of most polymer electrolyte materials remains unresolved,hence hindering their further industrial application.Addressing this challenge,we designed and constructed a thermal-responsive imide-linked covalent organic framework(COF)bearing ortho-positioned hydroxy groups as precursors,which can conduct a thermal rearrangement to transform into a highly crystalline and robust benzoxazole-linked COF upon heating.Benefiting from the release of carbon dioxide through thermal rearrangement reaction,this COF platform exhibited excellent flame retardant properties.By contrast,classic COFs(e.g.,boronate ester,imine,olefin,imide linked)were all flammable.Moreover,incorpo-rating polyethylene glycol and Li salt into the COF channels can produce solid polymer electrolytes with outstanding flame retardancy,high ionic conductivity(6.42×10^(-4) S cm^(-1))and a high lithium-ion transference number of 0.95.This thermal rearrangement strategy not only opens a new route for the fabrication of ultrastable COFs,but also provides promising perspectives to designing flame-retardant materials for energy-related applications.展开更多
A better understanding of nitrogen transformation in soils could reveal the capacity for biological inorganic N supply and improve the efficiency of N fertilizers. In this study, a15 N tracing study was carried out to...A better understanding of nitrogen transformation in soils could reveal the capacity for biological inorganic N supply and improve the efficiency of N fertilizers. In this study, a15 N tracing study was carried out to investigate the effects of converting woodland to orchard, and orchard age on the gross rates of N transformation occurring simultaneously in subtropical soils in Eastern China. The results showed that inorganic N supply rate was remained constant with soil organic C and N contents increased after converting woodland into citrus orchard and with increasing orchard age. This phenomenon was most probably due to the increase in the turnover time of recalcitrant organic-N, which increased with decreasing soil p H along with increasing orchard age significantly. The amo A gene copy numbers of both archaeal and bacterial were stimulated by orchard planting and increased with increasing orchard age. The nitrification capacity（defined as the ratio of gross rate of nitrification to total gross rate of mineralization） increased following the Michaelis–Menten equation, sharply in the first 10 years after woodland conversion to orchard, and increased continuously but much more slowly till 30 years. Due to the increase in nitrification capacity and unchanged NO3-consumption, the dominance of ammonium in inorganic N in woodland soil was shifted to nitrate dominance in orchard soils. These results indicated that the risk of NO3-loss was expected to increase and the amount of N needed from fertilizers for fruit growth did not change although soil organic N accumulated with orchard age.展开更多
As root water uptake（RWU）is an important link in the water and heat exchange between plants and ambient air,improving its parameterization is key to enhancing the performance of land surface model simulations.Althou...As root water uptake（RWU）is an important link in the water and heat exchange between plants and ambient air,improving its parameterization is key to enhancing the performance of land surface model simulations.Although different types of RWU functions have been adopted in land surface models,there is no evidence as to which scheme most applicable to maize farmland ecosystems.Based on the 2007–09 data collected at the farmland ecosystem field station in Jinzhou,the RWU function in the Common Land Model（Co LM）was optimized with scheme options in light of factors determining whether roots absorb water from a certain soil layer（W_x）and whether the baseline cumulative root efficiency required for maximum plant transpiration（W_c）is reached.The sensibility of the parameters of the optimization scheme was investigated,and then the effects of the optimized RWU function on water and heat flux simulation were evaluated.The results indicate that the model simulation was not sensitive to W_x but was significantly impacted by W_c.With the original model,soil humidity was somewhat underestimated for precipitation-free days;soil temperature was simulated with obvious interannual and seasonal differences and remarkable underestimations for the maize late-growth stage;and sensible and latent heat fluxes were overestimated and underestimated,respectively,for years with relatively less precipitation,and both were simulated with high accuracy for years with relatively more precipitation.The optimized RWU process resulted in a significant improvement of Co LM’s performance in simulating soil humidity,temperature,sensible heat,and latent heat,for dry years.In conclusion,the optimized RWU scheme available for the Co LM model is applicable to the simulation of water and heat flux for maize farmland ecosystems in arid areas.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81760508)Zunyi City“15851 Talent Elite”Project(Grant No.81760508)+1 种基金Natural Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(QiankeheZhicheng[2022]YiBan182)Young Scientific and Technological Talents Growth Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education[Grant No.QianJiaoHe KY Zi[2022]280 Hao].
文摘Objective:Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment 3(ERGIC3)promotes cell proliferation and metastasis in lung cancer,but its molecular mechanism is unclear.Methods:The GLC-82 cells were randomly divided into the ERGIC3i group and the negative control group.The cells were transfected with ERGIC3 siRNA or control siRNA in the groups,respectively.The ERGIC3-interacting proteins expressed in cells or extracellularly were isolated by the immunoprecipitation method and detected by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.The differentially expressed proteins were determined by bioinformatic methods.Results:After ERGIC3 knockdown,88 extracellular differentially expressed proteins,41 upregulated and 47 down-regulated,were detected in the supernatant of cultured cells.Among 52 intracellular differentially expressed proteins,33 were up-regulated and 19 down-regulated.Cluster analysis showed that the extracellular differential proteins are mainly involved in Ca2+binding and transport and I-kappa B kinase/NF-kappa B signal transduction.The upregulated proteins are mainly involved in the biological process of H3-K27 and H3-K4 methylation in cells.Co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that proteins interacting with ERGIC3 were rich in cytoskeleton construction and RHO GTPases activated p21-activated kinases.The intersection of these two research methods shows that ERGIC3 interacts with HORN and filamin A(FLNA).Conclusion:Proteomic analyses reveal that ERGIC3 acts as a vesicle transmembrane protein on the distribution of various extracellular and intracellular proteins and regulates the extracellular and intracellular biological processes by specifically binding hornin(HORN)and FLNA proteins.These findings maybe provide new methods and ideas for ERGIC3 as a therapeutic target for lung cancer.
基金The work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61572089,61502399,61633005)the Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology(Grant No.cstc2017jcyjBX0008)+3 种基金the Project Supported by Graduate Student Research and Innovation Foundation of Chongqing(Grant No.CYB17026)the Chongqing Postgraduate Education Reform Project(Grant No.yjg183018)the Chongqing University Postgraduate Education Reform Project(Grant No.cquyjg18219)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.106112017CDJQJ188830,106112017CDJXY180005).
文摘To fulfill the requirements of data security in environments with nonequivalent resources,a high capacity data hiding scheme in encrypted image based on compressive sensing(CS)is proposed by fully utilizing the adaptability of CS to nonequivalent resources.The original image is divided into two parts:one part is encrypted with traditional stream cipher;the other part is turned to the prediction error and then encrypted based on CS to vacate room simultaneously.The collected non-image data is firstly encrypted with simple stream cipher.For data security management,the encrypted non-image data is then embedded into the encrypted image,and the scrambling operation is used to further improve security.Finally,the original image and non-image data can be separably recovered and extracted according to the request from the valid users with different access rights.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms other data hiding methods based on CS,and is more suitable for nonequivalent resources.
基金support by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFB1005900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62172216,62032025,62071222,U20A201092)+3 种基金the Key R&D Program of Guangdong Province(No.2020B0101090002)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20211180,BK20200418)the Research Fund of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software(No.KX202034)JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research in Japan(No.P21073).
文摘Secure k-Nearest Neighbor(k-NN)query aims to find k nearest data of a given query from an encrypted database in a cloud server without revealing privacy to the untrusted cloud and has wide applications in many areas,such as privacy-preservingmachine elearning gand secure biometric identification.Several solutions have been put forward to solve this challenging problem.However,the existing schemes still suffer from various limitations in terms of efficiency and flexibility.In this paper,we propose a new encrypt-then-index strategy for the secure k-NN query,which can simultaneously achieve sub-linear search complexity(efficiency)and support dynamical update over the encrypted database(flexibility).Specifically,we propose a novel algorithm to transform the encrypted database and encrypted query points in the cloud.By indexing the transformed database using spatial data structures such as the R-tree index,our strategy enables sub-linear complexity for secure k-NN queries and allows users to dynamically update the encrypted database.To the best of our knowledge,the proposed strategy is the first to simultaneously provide these two properties.Through theoretical analysis and extensive experiments,we formally prove the security and demonstrate the efficiency of our scheme.
基金National Major Public Health Service Program of China.
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?There has been little to no description of sleep status among children and adolescents nationwide in recent years.What is added by this report?This report assesses the sleep duration and sleep patterns of children and adolescents in China.Approximately half of the adolescents did not get the recommended amount of sleep on school days,and more than half overslept on weekends.
基金supported by the Pre-research Project of Songshan Laboratory,China(No.YYJC012022011)the Postgraduate Education Reform and Quality Improvement Project of Henan Province,China(Nos.YJS2022JD26 and SYLAL2023020)+2 种基金the Postgraduate Education Innovation Training Base,China(No.SYLJD2022008)the Science and Technology Project of Henan Province,China(Nos.232102210109 and 232102210096)the Open Foundation of Henan Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Situation Awareness,China(No.HNTS2022019)。
文摘With the substantial increase in image transmission,the demand for image security is increasing.Noise-like images can be obtained by conventional encryption schemes,and although the security of the images can be guaranteed,the noise-like images cannot be directly previewed and retrieved.Based on the rank-then-encipher method,some researchers have designed a three-pixel exact thumbnail preserving encryption(TPE2)scheme,which can be applied to balance the security and availability of images,but this scheme has low encryption efficiency.In this paper,we introduce an efficient exact thumbnail preserving encryption scheme.First,blocking and bit-plane decomposition operations are performed on the plaintext image.The zigzag scrambling model is used to change the bit positions in the lower four bit planes.Subsequently,an operation is devised to permute the higher four bit planes,which is an extended application of the hidden Markov model.Finally,according to the difference in bit weights in each bit plane,a bit-level weighted diffusion rule is established to generate an encrypted image and still maintain the same sum of pixels within the block.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves the encryption efficiency and can guarantee the availability of images while protecting their privacy.
基金Supported by the Provincial Key Research and Development Project of Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province(2018108004)Provincial Industrialization Application Project of China High-Resolution Earth Observation System(CHEOS)of State Administration of Science,Technology and Industry for National Defense of PRC(70-Y40G09-9001-18/20)Project of Institute of Atmospheric Environment,China Meteorological Administration,Shenyang(2020SYIAEJY1)。
文摘The scientific evaluation of the wetland biodiversity conservation function is the basis of balanced wetland protection and development. Our research sought to provide references for the protection of wetland ecological environments as well as the related planning and management policies. The study established a fitting model for evaluating the biodiversity conservation function in the Liaohe Delta, northeastern China. The new model, the Wetland Biodiversity Conservation Indicator(WBCI), was with four input factors, including the vegetation coverage(VC), habitat suitability index(HI), land use and land cover(LULC) index(LI), and threat factor index(TI) of the LULC type. The values assigned to HI and TI were based on Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(In VEST)habitat quality models. The weights of all the factors in WBCI were valued with the Principal Component Analysis(PCA). We evaluated the wetland biodiversity conservation function of Panjin, Liaohe Delta, China, by using the WBCI model based on Gaofen-1(GF-1) satellite data in 2018, and the result was verified with In VEST and other models. It showed that the output map was similar to that of In VEST, with the higher-quality habitat including the wetland, tidal flat, water body, and forest, as well as the lower-quality land use types including the paddy field, crop field, construction land, and land used by traffic. The wetland biodiversity conservation function was better in areas less affected by human disturbance, with very abundant species and good-quality habitat. It was poor in areas impacted by more frequent human activities such as the land cultivation, housing, and traffic, which led to the landscape fragmentation. The WBCI model provided a more accurate reflection of the bird distribution than the In VEST model. The WBCI model was able to reflect the difference in quality of each habitat grade, in contrast to the net primary productivity(NPP) method and species distribution models(SDMs). The new model was, therefore, simpler and suitable in reflecting the quality of wetland biodiversity function in the Liaohe Delta.
基金Supported by the Provincial Industrialization Application Project of China High-Resolution Earth Observation System (CHEOS) of State Administration of Science,Technology and Industry for National Defense,PRC (70-Y40G09-9001-18/20)Provincial Key Research and Development Project of Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province (2018108004)+1 种基金Climate Change Project of China Meteorological Administration (CCSF201910)China Meteorological Administration Construction Project in 2019 (Construction and Demonstration of Wetland Ecological Remote Sensing Application Capacity in Liaoning Province)。
文摘Because of its unique geographical location and ecological function, the Liaohe Delta Wetland is important in maintaining regional ecological balance and security. Monitoring and evaluating changes in the wetland are therefore of great importance. We used medium-and high-resolution satellite data, meteorological station data, and site measurement data to analyze changes in the area and spatial distribution of Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa in the Liaohe Delta Wetland from 1998 to 2017, as well as their growth response to the climate change. The results showed that during 1998–2017, the areas of both P. australis and S. salsa wetlands alternated through periods of decreasing,increasing, and then decreasing trends. The annual change in the area and spatial distribution range of S. salsa fluctuated more than that of P. australis. The annual variation of normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) in P. australis wetland showed an upward trend from 1998 to 2017. The area of P. australis cover that was improved, unchanged, and decreased accounted for 81.8%, 12.3%, and 5.9%, respectively, of the total area;evaporation and wind speed were the main meteorological factors affecting the NDVI;and contribution rates of the climate change and human activities to the NDVI were 73.2% and 26.8%, respectively. The area with vegetation cover being mainly S.salsa that was improved, unchanged, and decreased accounted for 63.3%, 18.3%, and 18.4%, respectively, of the total area;and no meteorological factors significantly affected the NDVI of S. salsa in the region. The interaction between vegetation growth and meteorological factors may help to explain the increasing trend in vegetation cover.The improvement in wetland vegetation also led to carbon sequestration and an increase in sequestration capacity.
基金supported by Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(20JCJQJC00170)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22001131 and 22175099)+2 种基金Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter of Nankai University(63181206)111 Project(B12015)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(2019M660974).
文摘Solid polymer electrolytes have demonstrated high promise to solve the safety problems caused by conventional liquid electrolytes in lithium ion batteries.However,the inherent flammability of most polymer electrolyte materials remains unresolved,hence hindering their further industrial application.Addressing this challenge,we designed and constructed a thermal-responsive imide-linked covalent organic framework(COF)bearing ortho-positioned hydroxy groups as precursors,which can conduct a thermal rearrangement to transform into a highly crystalline and robust benzoxazole-linked COF upon heating.Benefiting from the release of carbon dioxide through thermal rearrangement reaction,this COF platform exhibited excellent flame retardant properties.By contrast,classic COFs(e.g.,boronate ester,imine,olefin,imide linked)were all flammable.Moreover,incorpo-rating polyethylene glycol and Li salt into the COF channels can produce solid polymer electrolytes with outstanding flame retardancy,high ionic conductivity(6.42×10^(-4) S cm^(-1))and a high lithium-ion transference number of 0.95.This thermal rearrangement strategy not only opens a new route for the fabrication of ultrastable COFs,but also provides promising perspectives to designing flame-retardant materials for energy-related applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.41401339, 41330744)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK20140062)and Fujian Province (No.2014J01145)
文摘A better understanding of nitrogen transformation in soils could reveal the capacity for biological inorganic N supply and improve the efficiency of N fertilizers. In this study, a15 N tracing study was carried out to investigate the effects of converting woodland to orchard, and orchard age on the gross rates of N transformation occurring simultaneously in subtropical soils in Eastern China. The results showed that inorganic N supply rate was remained constant with soil organic C and N contents increased after converting woodland into citrus orchard and with increasing orchard age. This phenomenon was most probably due to the increase in the turnover time of recalcitrant organic-N, which increased with decreasing soil p H along with increasing orchard age significantly. The amo A gene copy numbers of both archaeal and bacterial were stimulated by orchard planting and increased with increasing orchard age. The nitrification capacity（defined as the ratio of gross rate of nitrification to total gross rate of mineralization） increased following the Michaelis–Menten equation, sharply in the first 10 years after woodland conversion to orchard, and increased continuously but much more slowly till 30 years. Due to the increase in nitrification capacity and unchanged NO3-consumption, the dominance of ammonium in inorganic N in woodland soil was shifted to nitrate dominance in orchard soils. These results indicated that the risk of NO3-loss was expected to increase and the amount of N needed from fertilizers for fruit growth did not change although soil organic N accumulated with orchard age.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41305058)Cultivation Plan for Young Agricultural Science and Technology Talents of Liaoning Province(2015060 and 2014060)Key Agricultural Science and Industrialization Project of the Science and Technology Department of Liaoning Province(2014210003)
文摘As root water uptake（RWU）is an important link in the water and heat exchange between plants and ambient air,improving its parameterization is key to enhancing the performance of land surface model simulations.Although different types of RWU functions have been adopted in land surface models,there is no evidence as to which scheme most applicable to maize farmland ecosystems.Based on the 2007–09 data collected at the farmland ecosystem field station in Jinzhou,the RWU function in the Common Land Model（Co LM）was optimized with scheme options in light of factors determining whether roots absorb water from a certain soil layer（W_x）and whether the baseline cumulative root efficiency required for maximum plant transpiration（W_c）is reached.The sensibility of the parameters of the optimization scheme was investigated,and then the effects of the optimized RWU function on water and heat flux simulation were evaluated.The results indicate that the model simulation was not sensitive to W_x but was significantly impacted by W_c.With the original model,soil humidity was somewhat underestimated for precipitation-free days;soil temperature was simulated with obvious interannual and seasonal differences and remarkable underestimations for the maize late-growth stage;and sensible and latent heat fluxes were overestimated and underestimated,respectively,for years with relatively less precipitation,and both were simulated with high accuracy for years with relatively more precipitation.The optimized RWU process resulted in a significant improvement of Co LM’s performance in simulating soil humidity,temperature,sensible heat,and latent heat,for dry years.In conclusion,the optimized RWU scheme available for the Co LM model is applicable to the simulation of water and heat flux for maize farmland ecosystems in arid areas.
