Liver cancer is a prevalent malignant cancer,ranking third in terms of mortality rate.Metastasis and recurrence primarily contribute to the high mortality rate of liver cancer.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has low expr...Liver cancer is a prevalent malignant cancer,ranking third in terms of mortality rate.Metastasis and recurrence primarily contribute to the high mortality rate of liver cancer.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has low expression of focal adhesion kinase(FAK),which increases the risk of metastasis and recurrence.Nevertheless,the efficacy of FAK phosphorylation inhibitors is currently limited.Thus,investigating the mechanisms by which FAK affects HCC metastasis to develop targeted therapies for FAK may present a novel strategy to inhibit HCC metastasis.This study examined the correlation between FAK expression and the prognosis of HCC.Additionally,we explored the impact of FAK degradation on HCC metastasis through wound healing experiments,transwell invasion experiments,and a xenograft tumor model.The expression of proteins related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)was measured to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.The results showed that FAK PROTAC can degrade FAK,inhibit the migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro,and notably decrease the lung metastasis of HCC in vivo.Increased expression of E-cadherin and decreased expression of vimentin indicated that EMT was inhibited.Consequently,degradation of FAK through FAK PROTAC effectively suppressed liver cancer metastasis,holding significant clinical implications for treating liver cancer and developing innovative anti-neoplastic drugs.展开更多
Sepsis is a lethal condition characterized by multiple organ dysfunction due to disrupted host responses to severe infections.[1]Aff ected patients often have a Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)score≥2.[2]Pat...Sepsis is a lethal condition characterized by multiple organ dysfunction due to disrupted host responses to severe infections.[1]Aff ected patients often have a Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)score≥2.[2]Patients with a SOFA score<2 and at least one of the following were considered as“suspected sepsis”:(1)quick SOFA(qSOFA)score≥2;(2)SOFA score=1;or(3)National Early Warning Score(NEWS)4-6.[3]Compared with studies on fluid resuscitation in sepsis patients,there are few studies on fluid management in patients with suspected sepsis.Therefore,we conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the relationship between fluid management and disease progression in suspected sepsis patients.展开更多
Bioprinting has been widely investigated for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.However,it is still difficult to reconstruct the complex native cell arrangement due to the limited printing resol...Bioprinting has been widely investigated for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.However,it is still difficult to reconstruct the complex native cell arrangement due to the limited printing resolution of conventional bioprinting techniques such as extrusion-and inkjet-based printing.Recently,an electrohydrodynamic(EHD)bioprinting strategy was reported for the precise deposition of well-organized cell-laden constructs with microscale filament size,whereas few studies have been devoted to developing bioinks that can be applied for EHD bioprinting and simultaneously support cell spreading.This study describes functionalized alginate-based bioinks for microscale EHD bioprinting using peptide grafting and fibrin incorporation,which leads to high cell viability(>90%)and cell spreading.The printed filaments can be further refined to as small as 30μm by incorporating polyoxyethylene and remained stable over one week when exposed to an aqueous environment.By utilizing the presented alginate-based bioinks,layer-specific cell alignment along the printing struts could be observed inside the EHD-printed microscale filaments,which allows fabricating living constructs with cell-scale filament resolution for guided cellular orientation.展开更多
The role of gut microbiota in terms of host health is becoming increasingly important.In this study,the comparative effects of tea polyphenols(TPs)on weight loss and lipid metabolism on conventionalized mice(CVZ)and p...The role of gut microbiota in terms of host health is becoming increasingly important.In this study,the comparative effects of tea polyphenols(TPs)on weight loss and lipid metabolism on conventionalized mice(CVZ)and pseudo germ-free(PGF)mice(treated with antibiotics)were investigated.Our findings revealed that high fat(HF)diet considerably increased the body weight,total fat and upsurge lipid indices in CVZ mice but PGF mice were not sensitive to the effect of HF diet as CVZ mice.After the dietary administration of TP,body weight,perirenal fat and epididymal fat,liver weight,glucose(GLU)level,total chloestrol(TC level),high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C)level significantly lowered in PGF mice as compared to CVZ mice group.However,the area of fat cells and triglyceride(TG)level were significantly increased in PGF mice.In CVZ mice,TP intervention resulted in a considerable drop in the Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio as compared to PGF mice.The intestinal flora of PGF mice was severely reduced after antibiotic treatment,while TP administration restored intestinal diversity;the abundance of Akkermansia and Lactobacillus increased,whereas the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Prevotella reduced.Overall,we can assume that PGF obese mice administered with TP have less anti-obesity effects compared to obese CVZ mice.展开更多
Background: Phylogeographical patterns and population dynamics are usually interpreted by environmental disturbances and geographic barriers of the past. However, sister species may exhibit disparate patterns of genet...Background: Phylogeographical patterns and population dynamics are usually interpreted by environmental disturbances and geographic barriers of the past. However, sister species may exhibit disparate patterns of genetic structures and population dynamics due to their habitat preference and altitude segregation. In this study, we tested how species-specific altitude habitat affected phylogeographical patterns in two sister snowcock species, Tibetan(Tetraogallus tibetanus) and Himalayan Snowcocks(T. himalayensis).Methods: A panel of seven microsatellite loci and a fragment of Mitochondrial DNA Control Region were used to investigate genetic structures and population dynamics in hope of revealing the underlying evolutionary processes through the identification of possible past demographic events.Results: Our results suggest that T. himalayensis showed a significant phylogeographical signal in mtDNA(FST microsatellite(F the glacial-interglacial cycles in the = 0.66, p < 0.001) and ST Pleistocene and followed demog= 0.11, p < 0.001) data and is stable duringraphic contraction until 0.003 million years(Mys) ago. The phylogeographical signal of T. tibetanus is lower than the level of genetic difference among populations in mtDNA(FST icrosatellite(F= 0.41, p < 0.001) and mST s been experien= 0.09, p < 0.001) data, likely benefiting from stable habitats over a long period of time. T. tibetanus hacing expansion since 0.09 Mys ago. However, an abnormally haplotype H9 from T. himalayensis clustering with T. tibetanus was spotted.Conclusion: Our results indicate that differences in habitat preference and altitude specialities were reflected in the genetic structure patterns and population dynamics of these two species. These dissimilarities in life history traits might have affected the dispersal and survival abilities of these two species differently during environmental fluctuations. The results of this study also enriched our knowledge on population differentiation and connectivity in high altitude mountain ecosystems.展开更多
[Objective]This study aimed to screen toxin mutant of Dickeya zeae(Erwinia chrysanthemi pv.zeae)and investigate its biological characters.[Method]We obtained a toxin mutant strain D.zeae Ech7-3-42 by using acridine or...[Objective]This study aimed to screen toxin mutant of Dickeya zeae(Erwinia chrysanthemi pv.zeae)and investigate its biological characters.[Method]We obtained a toxin mutant strain D.zeae Ech7-3-42 by using acridine orange as a mutagenic agent and compared their biological characteristics and virulence between the toxin mutant and wild strain.[Result]There was no significant difference in pectin lyase,protease,cellulase and the production of extracellular polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide,but significant difference in toxin biological activities and virulence.Ech7-3-42 mutant did not produce toxin,as well as the loss of virulence on rice and HR on tobacco,but did not lose the ability to soft rot on potato.Mutant strain Ech7-3-42 can infect rice root and then enriched in the root neck and stalk,but it could not cause rice foot rot.Dickeya zeae(wild and mutant strain)could be detected by PCR in the root neck and below the 1-2 cm long stem area,but could not be detected in the leaves.[Conclusion]We believed that toxin may be one of the important factors for D.zeae virulence on rice.展开更多
“America has no permanent friends or enemies,only interests”,by Henry Kissinger.US and China have become the usual pattern of new international trade as the top two economic entities since 2010.After former Presiden...“America has no permanent friends or enemies,only interests”,by Henry Kissinger.US and China have become the usual pattern of new international trade as the top two economic entities since 2010.After former President Trump took over the chair,the trade conflict between the US and other countries,especially China,has been sharpened to increase domestic employment.A new era of international competition on the economy has grown invincibly in a brutal way.This paper states and analyzes the economic development and historical interactions between China and the US,standing from China’s perspective.Four-time periods are introduced in the paper for China’s progressing procedure:1949-1978 pre-opening,1979-2000 post-opening,2001-2016 WTO period and focusing on the 2017-2021 deterioration.The methodology starting from industrial structure,trade deficit,monetary and fiscal policy.The key questions include;why China has faster growth,why the US tries to restrict China’s development,and its effective influence.The paper’s conclusion lies in the comprehensive prediction of the future economic relationship between China and the United States in the ongoing 50 years,yields to the world trade habits and potential international economic system revolution,demonstrated from three sectors:economic structure change and technical restrictions.展开更多
Glioblastoma(GBM)is a malignant brain tumor that grows quickly,spreads widely,and is resistant to treatment.Fibroblast growth factor receptor(FGFR)1 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates cellular processes,incl...Glioblastoma(GBM)is a malignant brain tumor that grows quickly,spreads widely,and is resistant to treatment.Fibroblast growth factor receptor(FGFR)1 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates cellular processes,including proliferation,survival,migration,and dif-ferentiation.FGFR1 was predominantly expressed in GBM tissues,and FGFR1 expression was negatively correlated with overall survival.We rationally designed a novel small molecule CYY292,which exhibited a strong affinity for the FGFR1 protein in GBM cell lines in vitro.CYY292 also exerted an effect on the conserved Ser777 residue of FGFR1.CYY292 dose-depen-dently inhibited cell proliferation,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,stemness,invasion,and migration in vitro by specifically targeting the FGFR1/AKT/Snail pathways in GBM cells,and this effect was prevented by pharmacological inhibitors and critical gene knockdown.In vivo experiments revealed that CYY292 inhibited U87MG tumor growth more effectively than AZD4547.CYY292 also efficiently reduced GBM cell proliferation and increased survival in orthotopic GBM models.This study further elucidates the function of FGFR1 in the GBM and reveals the effect of CYY292,which targets FGFR1,on downstream signaling pathways directly reducing GBM cell growth,invasion,and metastasis and thus impairing the recruitment,activation,and function of immune cells.展开更多
The authors regret that in Figure 3C,the Western Blot(WB)image representing GAPDH levels was mistakenly chosen as the same image for ERK(indicated by the red dotted-line rectangle).We have attached the original WB str...The authors regret that in Figure 3C,the Western Blot(WB)image representing GAPDH levels was mistakenly chosen as the same image for ERK(indicated by the red dotted-line rectangle).We have attached the original WB strip for GAPDH to demonstrate that this was an unintentional error in image selection.Additionally,we noticed that the Transwell images in the two upper panels of the right column in Figure 4J are misleading due to errors in image selection.We have attached the original data to show that this was also an unintentional error.We assure you that these two corrections do not alter the scientificconclusionof thearticle.展开更多
Distinct from the literature on the effects that management earnings forecasts(MEFs) properties, such as point, range and qualitative estimations, have on analyst forecasts, this study explores the effects of selectiv...Distinct from the literature on the effects that management earnings forecasts(MEFs) properties, such as point, range and qualitative estimations, have on analyst forecasts, this study explores the effects of selective disclosure of MEFs.Under China's mandatory disclosure system, this study proposes that managers issue frequent forecasts to take advantage of opportune changes in predicted earnings. The argument herein is that this selective disclosure of MEFs increases information asymmetry and uncertainty, negatively influencing analyst earnings forecasts. Empirical evidence shows that firms that issue more frequent forecasts and make significant changes in MEFs are less likely to attract an analyst following, which can lead to less accurate analyst forecasts. The results imply that the selective disclosure of MEFs damages information transmission and market efficiency, which can enlighten regulators seeking to further enhance disclosure policies.展开更多
Receiving punishment from regulators for corporate fraud can affect financing contracts between a firm and its bank,as both the firm's credit risk and information risk increase after punishment By focusing on Chin...Receiving punishment from regulators for corporate fraud can affect financing contracts between a firm and its bank,as both the firm's credit risk and information risk increase after punishment By focusing on Chinese firms'borrowing behavior after events of corporate fraud,we find that firms'bank loans after punishment are not only significantly lower,but are also less than those for non-fraudulent firms.In addition,loan interest rates after punishment are not only higher than before,but also higher than those for their non-fraudulent counterparts.In addition,we find that corporate fraud indirectly destabilizes the"performance-bank loan"relationship.Our results suggest that corporate fraud negatively affects a firm's ability to source debt financing,which provides new evidence about the economic consequences of fraud.展开更多
As one of the channels by which board directors build important relationships,board networks can affect the governance role of independent directors. Defining director board networks as their connections based on dire...As one of the channels by which board directors build important relationships,board networks can affect the governance role of independent directors. Defining director board networks as their connections based on direct ties they establish when serving on at least one common board, this paper explores the role of the network centrality of independent directors in restraining tunneling behavior by controlling shareholders in the Chinese capital market.Our empirical evidence shows that tunneling behavior by controlling shareholders is negatively related to the network centrality of independent directors and that this relationship is stronger when non-operating fund occupation is used as the measure of tunneling. The results of our study show that board networks can help independent directors to restrain tunneling behavior by large shareholders, which plays a positive role in corporate governance.ó 2013 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of China Journal of Accounting Research. Founded by Sun Yat-sen University and City University of Hong Kong.展开更多
This paper examines the relationship between accounting information quality and capital investment choice from the perspective of accounting information's governance function.Measuring capital investment choice as...This paper examines the relationship between accounting information quality and capital investment choice from the perspective of accounting information's governance function.Measuring capital investment choice as the correlation of growth of operating income between company and industry,this paper investigates whether and to what extent companies focus on their core business.The results show that the higher the quality of publicly listed firms' accounting information,the stronger that correlation,particularly when the corporate governance of the listed company is poor.The findings imply that accounting information quality can thus optimize the capital investment choice,which complements and strengthens the functioning of corporate governance.Hence,regulators should pay more attention to the market's power to supervise the behavior of listed firms,improve the governance functions of accounting information and increase the efficiency of capital allocation.展开更多
Halide perovskites,such as methylammonium lead halide perovskites(MAPbX3,X=I,Br,and Cl),are emerging as promising candidates for a wide range of optoelectronic applications,including solar cells,light-emitting diodes,...Halide perovskites,such as methylammonium lead halide perovskites(MAPbX3,X=I,Br,and Cl),are emerging as promising candidates for a wide range of optoelectronic applications,including solar cells,light-emitting diodes,and photodetectors,due to their superior optoelectronic properties.All-inorganic lead halide perovskites CsPbX3 are attracting a lot of attention because replacing the organic cations with Cs+enhances the stability,and its halide-mixing derivatives offer broad bandgap tunability covering nearly the entire visible spectrum.However,there is evidence suggesting that the optical properties of mixed-halide perovskites are influenced by phase segregation under external stimuli,especially illumination,which may negatively impact the performance of optoelectronic devices.It is reported that the mixed-halide perovskites in forms of thin films and nanocrystals are segregated into a low-bandgap I-rich phase and a high-bandgap Br-rich phase.Herein,we present a critical review on the synthesis and basic properties of all-inorganic perovskites,phase-segregation phenomena,plausible mechanisms,and methods to mitigate phase segregation,providing insights on advancing mixed-halide perovskite optoelectronics with reliable performance.展开更多
This study investigates changes in foreign analyst behavior before and after Chinese New Accounting Standards was implemented during 2007.The empirical results show that after the new accounting standards were impleme...This study investigates changes in foreign analyst behavior before and after Chinese New Accounting Standards was implemented during 2007.The empirical results show that after the new accounting standards were implemented,forecast error among foreign analysts decreased in both absolute and relative terms in comparison with domestic analysts,and foreign analysts forecast earnings more frequently than they did before the new accounting standards.These results imply that the implementation of new accounting standards in the Chinese capital market helped mitigate both information asymmetry between listed firms in China and foreign investors,and the "home bias" of foreign analysts.It also increased the attractiveness of listed firms and facilitated international communication and cooperation.This study also has significant implications for how resource allocation efficiency in the Chinese capital market can be raised and how the "introducing in" policy should be assessed.展开更多
The brushless doubly-fed machine(BDFM)has been widely used due to its advantages of robustness,reliable operation,ease of maintenance,adjustable power factor,small converter capacity and low cost.BDFM is attractive fo...The brushless doubly-fed machine(BDFM)has been widely used due to its advantages of robustness,reliable operation,ease of maintenance,adjustable power factor,small converter capacity and low cost.BDFM is attractive for use in many applications such as variable frequency speed regulation systems and variable speed constant frequency generation systems.Hence,there is a rapidly growing interest in design and control of BDFM.In this paper,the origin and development of BDFM are reviewed,the structural characteristics of BDFM are discussed at length,the principles of operation and design are analyzed,and the different control methods used for BDFM are overviewed and compared in detail.Finally,challenges and opportunities of BDFM are concluded.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Fund Project(82272956).
文摘Liver cancer is a prevalent malignant cancer,ranking third in terms of mortality rate.Metastasis and recurrence primarily contribute to the high mortality rate of liver cancer.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has low expression of focal adhesion kinase(FAK),which increases the risk of metastasis and recurrence.Nevertheless,the efficacy of FAK phosphorylation inhibitors is currently limited.Thus,investigating the mechanisms by which FAK affects HCC metastasis to develop targeted therapies for FAK may present a novel strategy to inhibit HCC metastasis.This study examined the correlation between FAK expression and the prognosis of HCC.Additionally,we explored the impact of FAK degradation on HCC metastasis through wound healing experiments,transwell invasion experiments,and a xenograft tumor model.The expression of proteins related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)was measured to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.The results showed that FAK PROTAC can degrade FAK,inhibit the migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro,and notably decrease the lung metastasis of HCC in vivo.Increased expression of E-cadherin and decreased expression of vimentin indicated that EMT was inhibited.Consequently,degradation of FAK through FAK PROTAC effectively suppressed liver cancer metastasis,holding significant clinical implications for treating liver cancer and developing innovative anti-neoplastic drugs.
文摘Sepsis is a lethal condition characterized by multiple organ dysfunction due to disrupted host responses to severe infections.[1]Aff ected patients often have a Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)score≥2.[2]Patients with a SOFA score<2 and at least one of the following were considered as“suspected sepsis”:(1)quick SOFA(qSOFA)score≥2;(2)SOFA score=1;or(3)National Early Warning Score(NEWS)4-6.[3]Compared with studies on fluid resuscitation in sepsis patients,there are few studies on fluid management in patients with suspected sepsis.Therefore,we conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the relationship between fluid management and disease progression in suspected sepsis patients.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFA0703003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52125501)+1 种基金the Key Research Project of Shaanxi Province(Nos.2021LLRH-08,2020GXLH-Y-021,and 2021GXLH-Z-028)the Youth InnovationTeam of Shaanxi Universities and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Bioprinting has been widely investigated for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.However,it is still difficult to reconstruct the complex native cell arrangement due to the limited printing resolution of conventional bioprinting techniques such as extrusion-and inkjet-based printing.Recently,an electrohydrodynamic(EHD)bioprinting strategy was reported for the precise deposition of well-organized cell-laden constructs with microscale filament size,whereas few studies have been devoted to developing bioinks that can be applied for EHD bioprinting and simultaneously support cell spreading.This study describes functionalized alginate-based bioinks for microscale EHD bioprinting using peptide grafting and fibrin incorporation,which leads to high cell viability(>90%)and cell spreading.The printed filaments can be further refined to as small as 30μm by incorporating polyoxyethylene and remained stable over one week when exposed to an aqueous environment.By utilizing the presented alginate-based bioinks,layer-specific cell alignment along the printing struts could be observed inside the EHD-printed microscale filaments,which allows fabricating living constructs with cell-scale filament resolution for guided cellular orientation.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(8177120753)China-Australia International Collaborative Grant(NHMRC APP1112767,NSFC 81561128020)to Wei Wang+1 种基金Zhiyuan Wu was supported by the China Scholarship Council(201908110447)Yulu Zheng and Zheng Guo were supported by the Edith Cowan University Higher Degree by Research Scholarship(ECU-HDR ST10469322 and ST10468211).
基金financially support by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2020B020226008,2018b020206001)the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC31171673)。
文摘The role of gut microbiota in terms of host health is becoming increasingly important.In this study,the comparative effects of tea polyphenols(TPs)on weight loss and lipid metabolism on conventionalized mice(CVZ)and pseudo germ-free(PGF)mice(treated with antibiotics)were investigated.Our findings revealed that high fat(HF)diet considerably increased the body weight,total fat and upsurge lipid indices in CVZ mice but PGF mice were not sensitive to the effect of HF diet as CVZ mice.After the dietary administration of TP,body weight,perirenal fat and epididymal fat,liver weight,glucose(GLU)level,total chloestrol(TC level),high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C)level significantly lowered in PGF mice as compared to CVZ mice group.However,the area of fat cells and triglyceride(TG)level were significantly increased in PGF mice.In CVZ mice,TP intervention resulted in a considerable drop in the Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio as compared to PGF mice.The intestinal flora of PGF mice was severely reduced after antibiotic treatment,while TP administration restored intestinal diversity;the abundance of Akkermansia and Lactobacillus increased,whereas the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Prevotella reduced.Overall,we can assume that PGF obese mice administered with TP have less anti-obesity effects compared to obese CVZ mice.
基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA2010010103)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant No.31372195 and 31772436)the Open Foundation of Research Institute of Qilian Mountains,Lanzhou University.
文摘Background: Phylogeographical patterns and population dynamics are usually interpreted by environmental disturbances and geographic barriers of the past. However, sister species may exhibit disparate patterns of genetic structures and population dynamics due to their habitat preference and altitude segregation. In this study, we tested how species-specific altitude habitat affected phylogeographical patterns in two sister snowcock species, Tibetan(Tetraogallus tibetanus) and Himalayan Snowcocks(T. himalayensis).Methods: A panel of seven microsatellite loci and a fragment of Mitochondrial DNA Control Region were used to investigate genetic structures and population dynamics in hope of revealing the underlying evolutionary processes through the identification of possible past demographic events.Results: Our results suggest that T. himalayensis showed a significant phylogeographical signal in mtDNA(FST microsatellite(F the glacial-interglacial cycles in the = 0.66, p < 0.001) and ST Pleistocene and followed demog= 0.11, p < 0.001) data and is stable duringraphic contraction until 0.003 million years(Mys) ago. The phylogeographical signal of T. tibetanus is lower than the level of genetic difference among populations in mtDNA(FST icrosatellite(F= 0.41, p < 0.001) and mST s been experien= 0.09, p < 0.001) data, likely benefiting from stable habitats over a long period of time. T. tibetanus hacing expansion since 0.09 Mys ago. However, an abnormally haplotype H9 from T. himalayensis clustering with T. tibetanus was spotted.Conclusion: Our results indicate that differences in habitat preference and altitude specialities were reflected in the genetic structure patterns and population dynamics of these two species. These dissimilarities in life history traits might have affected the dispersal and survival abilities of these two species differently during environmental fluctuations. The results of this study also enriched our knowledge on population differentiation and connectivity in high altitude mountain ecosystems.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31071658)
文摘[Objective]This study aimed to screen toxin mutant of Dickeya zeae(Erwinia chrysanthemi pv.zeae)and investigate its biological characters.[Method]We obtained a toxin mutant strain D.zeae Ech7-3-42 by using acridine orange as a mutagenic agent and compared their biological characteristics and virulence between the toxin mutant and wild strain.[Result]There was no significant difference in pectin lyase,protease,cellulase and the production of extracellular polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide,but significant difference in toxin biological activities and virulence.Ech7-3-42 mutant did not produce toxin,as well as the loss of virulence on rice and HR on tobacco,but did not lose the ability to soft rot on potato.Mutant strain Ech7-3-42 can infect rice root and then enriched in the root neck and stalk,but it could not cause rice foot rot.Dickeya zeae(wild and mutant strain)could be detected by PCR in the root neck and below the 1-2 cm long stem area,but could not be detected in the leaves.[Conclusion]We believed that toxin may be one of the important factors for D.zeae virulence on rice.
文摘“America has no permanent friends or enemies,only interests”,by Henry Kissinger.US and China have become the usual pattern of new international trade as the top two economic entities since 2010.After former President Trump took over the chair,the trade conflict between the US and other countries,especially China,has been sharpened to increase domestic employment.A new era of international competition on the economy has grown invincibly in a brutal way.This paper states and analyzes the economic development and historical interactions between China and the US,standing from China’s perspective.Four-time periods are introduced in the paper for China’s progressing procedure:1949-1978 pre-opening,1979-2000 post-opening,2001-2016 WTO period and focusing on the 2017-2021 deterioration.The methodology starting from industrial structure,trade deficit,monetary and fiscal policy.The key questions include;why China has faster growth,why the US tries to restrict China’s development,and its effective influence.The paper’s conclusion lies in the comprehensive prediction of the future economic relationship between China and the United States in the ongoing 50 years,yields to the world trade habits and potential international economic system revolution,demonstrated from three sectors:economic structure change and technical restrictions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81971180,81973168 and 82003793)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2019-12M-5-028)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Project of Wenzhou,Zhejiang,China(No.ZY2019001)the National Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(No.LZ22H300002).
文摘Glioblastoma(GBM)is a malignant brain tumor that grows quickly,spreads widely,and is resistant to treatment.Fibroblast growth factor receptor(FGFR)1 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates cellular processes,including proliferation,survival,migration,and dif-ferentiation.FGFR1 was predominantly expressed in GBM tissues,and FGFR1 expression was negatively correlated with overall survival.We rationally designed a novel small molecule CYY292,which exhibited a strong affinity for the FGFR1 protein in GBM cell lines in vitro.CYY292 also exerted an effect on the conserved Ser777 residue of FGFR1.CYY292 dose-depen-dently inhibited cell proliferation,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,stemness,invasion,and migration in vitro by specifically targeting the FGFR1/AKT/Snail pathways in GBM cells,and this effect was prevented by pharmacological inhibitors and critical gene knockdown.In vivo experiments revealed that CYY292 inhibited U87MG tumor growth more effectively than AZD4547.CYY292 also efficiently reduced GBM cell proliferation and increased survival in orthotopic GBM models.This study further elucidates the function of FGFR1 in the GBM and reveals the effect of CYY292,which targets FGFR1,on downstream signaling pathways directly reducing GBM cell growth,invasion,and metastasis and thus impairing the recruitment,activation,and function of immune cells.
文摘The authors regret that in Figure 3C,the Western Blot(WB)image representing GAPDH levels was mistakenly chosen as the same image for ERK(indicated by the red dotted-line rectangle).We have attached the original WB strip for GAPDH to demonstrate that this was an unintentional error in image selection.Additionally,we noticed that the Transwell images in the two upper panels of the right column in Figure 4J are misleading due to errors in image selection.We have attached the original data to show that this was also an unintentional error.We assure you that these two corrections do not alter the scientificconclusionof thearticle.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project 71102124)grants from the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education "Pilot Reform of Accounting Discipline Clustering"grants from the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education "Joint Construction Project"
文摘Distinct from the literature on the effects that management earnings forecasts(MEFs) properties, such as point, range and qualitative estimations, have on analyst forecasts, this study explores the effects of selective disclosure of MEFs.Under China's mandatory disclosure system, this study proposes that managers issue frequent forecasts to take advantage of opportune changes in predicted earnings. The argument herein is that this selective disclosure of MEFs increases information asymmetry and uncertainty, negatively influencing analyst earnings forecasts. Empirical evidence shows that firms that issue more frequent forecasts and make significant changes in MEFs are less likely to attract an analyst following, which can lead to less accurate analyst forecasts. The results imply that the selective disclosure of MEFs damages information transmission and market efficiency, which can enlighten regulators seeking to further enhance disclosure policies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.70772017)Scholarship Award for Excellent Doctoral Student granted by Ministry of Education+1 种基金grants from the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education"Joint Construction Project"the"Project 211"(Phase-3)Fund of the Central University of Finance and Economics,China
文摘Receiving punishment from regulators for corporate fraud can affect financing contracts between a firm and its bank,as both the firm's credit risk and information risk increase after punishment By focusing on Chinese firms'borrowing behavior after events of corporate fraud,we find that firms'bank loans after punishment are not only significantly lower,but are also less than those for non-fraudulent firms.In addition,loan interest rates after punishment are not only higher than before,but also higher than those for their non-fraudulent counterparts.In addition,we find that corporate fraud indirectly destabilizes the"performance-bank loan"relationship.Our results suggest that corporate fraud negatively affects a firm's ability to source debt financing,which provides new evidence about the economic consequences of fraud.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 71202126 71102124)+1 种基金the MOE (Ministry of Education in China)Youth Fund of Humanities and Social Sciences (Project No. 12YJC630021)
文摘As one of the channels by which board directors build important relationships,board networks can affect the governance role of independent directors. Defining director board networks as their connections based on direct ties they establish when serving on at least one common board, this paper explores the role of the network centrality of independent directors in restraining tunneling behavior by controlling shareholders in the Chinese capital market.Our empirical evidence shows that tunneling behavior by controlling shareholders is negatively related to the network centrality of independent directors and that this relationship is stronger when non-operating fund occupation is used as the measure of tunneling. The results of our study show that board networks can help independent directors to restrain tunneling behavior by large shareholders, which plays a positive role in corporate governance.ó 2013 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of China Journal of Accounting Research. Founded by Sun Yat-sen University and City University of Hong Kong.
基金supported by Zhongcai-Pengyuan Local Finance Investment and Funding Research InstituteProgram for Innovation Research in Central University of Finance and Economics+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.71102124)Beijing Municipal Commission of Education "Pilot Reform of Accounting Discipline Clustering"
文摘This paper examines the relationship between accounting information quality and capital investment choice from the perspective of accounting information's governance function.Measuring capital investment choice as the correlation of growth of operating income between company and industry,this paper investigates whether and to what extent companies focus on their core business.The results show that the higher the quality of publicly listed firms' accounting information,the stronger that correlation,particularly when the corporate governance of the listed company is poor.The findings imply that accounting information quality can thus optimize the capital investment choice,which complements and strengthens the functioning of corporate governance.Hence,regulators should pay more attention to the market's power to supervise the behavior of listed firms,improve the governance functions of accounting information and increase the efficiency of capital allocation.
基金Australian Research Council(DP190103316)UNSW SHARP Project(RG163043)+1 种基金US Office of Naval Research(N00014-18-1-2408)US National Science Foundation(CMMI-1930809).
文摘Halide perovskites,such as methylammonium lead halide perovskites(MAPbX3,X=I,Br,and Cl),are emerging as promising candidates for a wide range of optoelectronic applications,including solar cells,light-emitting diodes,and photodetectors,due to their superior optoelectronic properties.All-inorganic lead halide perovskites CsPbX3 are attracting a lot of attention because replacing the organic cations with Cs+enhances the stability,and its halide-mixing derivatives offer broad bandgap tunability covering nearly the entire visible spectrum.However,there is evidence suggesting that the optical properties of mixed-halide perovskites are influenced by phase segregation under external stimuli,especially illumination,which may negatively impact the performance of optoelectronic devices.It is reported that the mixed-halide perovskites in forms of thin films and nanocrystals are segregated into a low-bandgap I-rich phase and a high-bandgap Br-rich phase.Herein,we present a critical review on the synthesis and basic properties of all-inorganic perovskites,phase-segregation phenomena,plausible mechanisms,and methods to mitigate phase segregation,providing insights on advancing mixed-halide perovskite optoelectronics with reliable performance.
基金supported by Grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China for"An Investigation on the Valuation and Behavioral Effects 0f New Accounting Standards"(Project No.70872056),"Research on Effects of Information Environment Changes on Behavior and Difference of Local and Foreign Analysts"(Project No.71102124),and"Earnings Management,Risk Mark and Audit Opinion Decision-Making"(Project No.70972139)Grants from the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education"Joint Construction Project"the "Project 211"(Phase-3)Fund of the Central University of Finance and Economics,China
文摘This study investigates changes in foreign analyst behavior before and after Chinese New Accounting Standards was implemented during 2007.The empirical results show that after the new accounting standards were implemented,forecast error among foreign analysts decreased in both absolute and relative terms in comparison with domestic analysts,and foreign analysts forecast earnings more frequently than they did before the new accounting standards.These results imply that the implementation of new accounting standards in the Chinese capital market helped mitigate both information asymmetry between listed firms in China and foreign investors,and the "home bias" of foreign analysts.It also increased the attractiveness of listed firms and facilitated international communication and cooperation.This study also has significant implications for how resource allocation efficiency in the Chinese capital market can be raised and how the "introducing in" policy should be assessed.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(51537007)PhD Start-up Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China(20141072).
文摘The brushless doubly-fed machine(BDFM)has been widely used due to its advantages of robustness,reliable operation,ease of maintenance,adjustable power factor,small converter capacity and low cost.BDFM is attractive for use in many applications such as variable frequency speed regulation systems and variable speed constant frequency generation systems.Hence,there is a rapidly growing interest in design and control of BDFM.In this paper,the origin and development of BDFM are reviewed,the structural characteristics of BDFM are discussed at length,the principles of operation and design are analyzed,and the different control methods used for BDFM are overviewed and compared in detail.Finally,challenges and opportunities of BDFM are concluded.
