Influence maximization,whose aim is to maximise the expected number of influenced nodes by selecting a seed set of k influential nodes from a social network,has many applications such as goods advertising and rumour s...Influence maximization,whose aim is to maximise the expected number of influenced nodes by selecting a seed set of k influential nodes from a social network,has many applications such as goods advertising and rumour suppression.Among the existing influence maximization methods,the community‐based ones can achieve a good balance between effectiveness and efficiency.However,this kind of algorithm usually utilise the network community structures by viewing each node as a non‐overlapping node.In fact,many nodes in social networks are overlapping ones,which play more important role in influence spreading.To this end,an overlapping community‐based particle swarm opti-mization algorithm named OCPSO for influence maximization in social networks,which can make full use of overlapping nodes,non‐overlapping nodes,and their interactive information is proposed.Specifically,an overlapping community detection algorithm is used to obtain the information of overlapping community structures,based on which three novel evolutionary strategies,such as initialisation,mutation,and local search are designed in OCPSO for better finding influential nodes.Experimental results in terms of influence spread and running time on nine real‐world social networks demonstrate that the proposed OCPSO is competitive and promising comparing to several state‐of‐the‐arts(e.g.CGA,CMA‐IM,CIM,CDH‐SHRINK,CNCG,and CFIN).展开更多
Inconvenient dual-laser irradiation and tumor hypoxic environment as well as limited judgment of treating region have impeded the development of combined photothermal and photodynamic therapies(PTT and PDT).Herein,Bi2...Inconvenient dual-laser irradiation and tumor hypoxic environment as well as limited judgment of treating region have impeded the development of combined photothermal and photodynamic therapies(PTT and PDT).Herein,Bi2Se3@AIPH nanoparticles(NPs)are facilely developed to overcome these problems.Through a one-step method,free radical generator(AIPH)and phase transition material(lauric acid,LA,44-46°C)are encapsulated in hollow bismuth selenide nanoparticles(Bi2Se3 NPs).Under a single 808-nm laser irradiation at the tumor area,hyperthermia produced by Bi2Se3 not only directly leads to cell death,but also promotes AIPH release by melting LA and triggers free radical generation,which could further eradicate tumor cells in hypoxic environments.Moreover,Bi2Se3 with high X-ray attenuation coefficient endows the NPs with high computed tomography(CT)imaging capability,which is important for treating area determination.The results exhibit that Bi2Se3@AIPH NPs possesses 31.2%photothermal conversion efficiency for enhanced PTT,ideal free radical generation for oxygen-independent PDT,and 37.77 HU mL mg?1 X-ray attenuation coefficient for CT imaging with high quality.Most importantly,the tumor growth inhibition rate by synergistic PTT,PDT,and following immunotherapy is 99.6%,and even one tumor disappears completely,which demonstrates excellent cascaded synergistic effect of Bi2Se3@AIPH NPs for the tumor therapy.展开更多
Micro-emulsion has unique advantages in repairing diesel oil contaminated sand due to its low interfacial tension and strong solubility.By Winsor phase diagram,it was found that with the increase of salinity,the phase...Micro-emulsion has unique advantages in repairing diesel oil contaminated sand due to its low interfacial tension and strong solubility.By Winsor phase diagram,it was found that with the increase of salinity,the phase of microemulsion transformed from WinsorⅠto WinsorⅢto WinsorⅡ.Under cryogenic electron microscope,it was observed that WinsorⅠwas O/W type,WinsorⅡwas W/O type,and WinsorⅢtype was bi-continuous type.The effect of inorganic salts,alcohol and temperature on the oil removal rate of diesel oil contaminated sand was investigated by static recovery of micro-emulsion precursor.The results showed that for the anionic microemulsion system,with the increase of salinity and alcohols,the oil yield of the upper phase increased first and then decreased,and the two components had a certain compensation effect.For non-ionic micro-emulsion system,with the increase of temperature,the oil yield in the upper phase rose first and then decreased.At the same time,the influence of leaching conditions on oil removal rate was investigated by one-dimensional sand column leaching experiment.It was found that for diesel oil contaminated sand with 15%oil content,when the formulation was 2.00 wt%SDBS,4.05 wt%n-butanol and 0.40 wt%sodium chloride,the optimum leaching conditions were leaching rate of 4 ml·min-1 and leaching amount of 400 ml.Under such conditions,the oil removal rate was up to 82.84%,that is,the oil content of the sand was reduced to 2.57%.Moreover,the micro-emulsion has good cyclicity,and it can still achieve high oil yield after six cycles.展开更多
Tebuconazole exposure has been described as an increasing hazard to human health.An increasing number of recent studies have shown a positive association between tebuconazole exposure and cardiovascular disease risk,w...Tebuconazole exposure has been described as an increasing hazard to human health.An increasing number of recent studies have shown a positive association between tebuconazole exposure and cardiovascular disease risk,which is characterized by the reduction of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)synthesis.However,researches on the damage of tebuconazole exposure to energy metabolism and the related molecular mechanisms are limited.In the present study,male C57BL/6 mice were treated with tebuconazole at different low concentrations for 4 weeks.The results indicated that tebuconazole could accumulate in the heart and further induce the decrease of ATP content in the mouse heart.Importantly,tebuconazole induced an obvious shift in substrate utilization of fatty acid and glucose by disrupting their corresponding transporters(GLUT1,GLUT4,CD36,FABP3 and FATP1)expression,and significantly repressed the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis(Gabpa and Tfam)and oxidative phosphorylation(CS,Ndufa4,Sdhb,Cox5a and Atp5b)related genes in a dosedependent manner.Further investigation revealed that these alterations were related to the IRS1/AKT and PPARγ/RXRαpathways.These findings contribute to a better understanding of triazole fungicide-induced cardiovascular disease by revealing the key indicators associated with this phenomenon.展开更多
Friedreich's ataxia(FRDA)is the most common neurodegenerative disease caused by an autosomal recessive singlegene mutation,affecting 2-4 per 100,000 Caucasians[1].The causative gene is frataxin(FXN),located on chr...Friedreich's ataxia(FRDA)is the most common neurodegenerative disease caused by an autosomal recessive singlegene mutation,affecting 2-4 per 100,000 Caucasians[1].The causative gene is frataxin(FXN),located on chromosome 9q13,and it encodes a 210-amino-acid mitochondrial matrix protein.展开更多
The salinization of irrigated land affects agricultural productivity.HIGH-AFFINITY POTASSIUM(K+)TRANSPORTER 1;5(OsHKT1;5)-dependent sodium(Na+)transport is a key salt tolerance mechanism during rice growth and develop...The salinization of irrigated land affects agricultural productivity.HIGH-AFFINITY POTASSIUM(K+)TRANSPORTER 1;5(OsHKT1;5)-dependent sodium(Na+)transport is a key salt tolerance mechanism during rice growth and development.Using a previously generated high-throughput activation tagging-based T-DNA insertion mutant pool,we isolated a mutant exhibiting salt stress-sensitive phenotype,caused by a reduction in OsHKT1;5transcripts.The salt stress-sensitive phenotype of this mutant results from the loss of function of OsDNAJ15,which encodes plasma membranelocalized heat shock protein 40(Hsp40).osdnaj15loss-of-function mutants show decreased plant height,increased leaf angle,and reduced grain number caused by shorter panicle length and fewer branches.On the other háand,OsDNAJ15-overexpression plants showed salt stress-tolerant phenotypes.Intriguingly,salt stress facilitates the nuclear relocation of OsDNAJ15 so that it can interact with OsBAG4,and OsDNAJ15 and OsBAG4synergistically facilitate the DNA-binding activity of OsMYB106 to positively regulate the expression of OsHKT1;5.Overall,our results reveal a novel function of plasma membrane-localized Hsp40protein in modulating,alongside chaperon regulator OsBAG4,transcriptional regulation under salinity stress tolerance.展开更多
The mechanical behavior of plain woven Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer(CFRP)composites under Three-Point Bending(TPB)is investigated via experimental and numerical approaches.Multiscale models,including microscale,mes...The mechanical behavior of plain woven Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer(CFRP)composites under Three-Point Bending(TPB)is investigated via experimental and numerical approaches.Multiscale models,including microscale,mesoscale and macroscale models,have been developed to characterize the TPB strength and damages.Thereinto,Representative Volume Elements(RVEs)of the microscale and mesoscale structures are established to determine the effective properties of carbon-fiber yarn and CFRP composites,respectively.Aimed at accurately and efficiently predicting the TPB behavior,an Equivalent Cross-Ply Laminate(ECPL)cell is proposed to simplify the inherent woven architecture,and the effective properties of the subcell are computed using a local homogenization approach.The macroscale model of the TPB specimen is constructed by a topology structure of ECPL cells to predict the mechanical behavior.The TPB experiments have been performed to validate the multiscale models.Both the experimental and numerical results reveal that delamination mainly appears in the top and bottom interfaces of the CFRP laminates.And matrix cracking and delamination are identified as the significant damage modes during the TPB process.Finally,the quasi-static and dynamic behaviors of plain woven composites are discussed by comparing the results of Low-Velocity Impact(LVI)and TPB simulations.展开更多
Soil salinity severely limits crop yields and quality.Plants have evolved several strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity,including redistribution and compartmentalization of toxic ions using ion-specif...Soil salinity severely limits crop yields and quality.Plants have evolved several strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity,including redistribution and compartmentalization of toxic ions using ion-specific transporters.However,the mechanisms underlying the regulation of these ion transporters have not been fully elucidated.Loss-of-function mutants of OsHKT2;1,which is involved in sodium uptake,exhibit strong salt stress-resistant phenotypes.In this study,OsHKT2;1 was identified as a transcriptional target of the type-B response regulator OsRR22.Loss-of-function osrr22 mutants showed resilience to salt stress,and OsRR22-overexpression plants were sensitive to salt stress.OsRR22 was found to activate the expression of OsHKT2;1 by directly binding to the promoter region of OsHKT2;1 via a consensus cis-element of type-B response regulators.Moreover,rice DELLA protein OsSLR1 directly interacted with OsRR22 and functioned as a transcriptional co-activator.This study has uncovered a novel transcriptional regulatory mechanism by which a type-B response regulator controls sodium transport under salinity stress.展开更多
Thermoelectric materials have drawn extensive interest due to the direct conversion between electricity and heat,however,it is usually a time-consuming process for applying traditional“sequential”meth-ods to grow ma...Thermoelectric materials have drawn extensive interest due to the direct conversion between electricity and heat,however,it is usually a time-consuming process for applying traditional“sequential”meth-ods to grow materials and investigate their properties,especially for thermoelectric films that typically require fine microstructure control.High-throughput experimental approaches can effectively accelerate materials development,but the methods for high-throughput screening of the microstructures require further study.In this work,a combinatorial high-throughput optimization solution of material properties is proposed for the parallel screening and optimizing of composition and microstructure,which involves two distinctive types of high-throughput fabrication approaches for thin films,along with a new portable multiple discrete masks based high-throughput preparation platform.Thus,Bi_(2)Te_(3-x)Se_(x)thin film library with 196 throughputs for locating the optimized composition is obtained in one growth cycle.In addition,another thin film library composed of 31 materials with traceable process parameters is built to further investigate the relationship between microstructure,process,and thermoelectric performance.Through high-throughput screening,the Bi_(2)Te_(2.9)Se_(0.1)film with(00l)orientation is prepared with a peak zT value of 1.303 at 353 K along with a high average zT value of 1.047 in the interval from 313 to 523 K.This method can be also extended to the discovery of other functional thin films with a rapid combinatorial screening of the composition and structure to accelerate material optimization.展开更多
Neuroplastin 65(Np65) is an immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecule involved in synaptic formation and plasticity. Our recent study showed that Np65-knockout(KO) mice exhibit abnormal cognition and emotional...Neuroplastin 65(Np65) is an immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecule involved in synaptic formation and plasticity. Our recent study showed that Np65-knockout(KO) mice exhibit abnormal cognition and emotional disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we found 588 differentiallyexpressed genes in Np65-KO mice by microarray analysis.RT-PCR analysis also revealed the altered expression of genes associated with development and synaptic structure,such as Cdh1, Htr3 a, and Kcnj9. In addition, the expression of Wnt-3, a Wnt protein involved in development, was decreased in Np65-KO mice as evidenced by western blotting. Surprisingly, MRI and DAPI staining showed a significant reduction in the lateral ventricular volume of Np65-KO mice. Together, these findings suggest that ablation of Np65 influences gene expression, which may contribute to abnormal brain development. These results provide clues to the mechanisms underlying the altered brain functions of Np65-deficient mice.展开更多
The glucose sensor HEXOKINASE1(HXK1)integrates myriad external and internal signals to regulate gene expression and development in Arabidopsis thaliana.However,how HXK1 mediates glucose signaling in the nucleus remain...The glucose sensor HEXOKINASE1(HXK1)integrates myriad external and internal signals to regulate gene expression and development in Arabidopsis thaliana.However,how HXK1 mediates glucose signaling in the nucleus remains unclear.Here,using immunoprecipitationcoupled mass spectrometry,we show that two catalytic subunits of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2,SWINGER(SWN)and CURLY LEAF(CLF),directly interact with catalytically active HXK1 and its inactive forms(HXK1^(G104D) and HXK1^(S177A))via their evolutionarily conserved SANT domains.HXK1,CLF,and SWN target common glucose-responsive genes to regulate glucose signaling,as revealed by RNA sequencing.The glucose-insensitive phenotypes of the Arabidopsis swn-1 and clf-50 mutants were similar to that of hxk1,and genetic analysis revealed that CLF,SWN,and HXK1 function in the same genetic pathway.Intriguingly,HXK1 is required for CLF-and SWN-mediated histone H3 lysine 27(H3K27me3)deposition and glucose-mediated gene repression.Moreover,CLF and SWN affect the recruitment of HXK1 to its target chromatin.These findings support a model in which HXK1 and epigenetic modifiers form a nuclear complex to cooperatively mediate glucose signaling,thereby affecting the histone modification and expression of glucoseregulated genes in plants.展开更多
DNA methylation and histone modification are evolutionarily conserved epigenetic modifications that are crucial for the expression regulation of abiotic stress-responsive genes in plants.Dynamic changes in gene expres...DNA methylation and histone modification are evolutionarily conserved epigenetic modifications that are crucial for the expression regulation of abiotic stress-responsive genes in plants.Dynamic changes in gene expression levels can result from changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications.In the last two decades,how epigenetic machinery regulates abiotic stress responses in plants has been extensively studied.Here,based on recent publications,we review how DNA methylation and histone modifications impact gene expression regulation in response to abiotic stresses such as drought,abscisic acid,high salt,extreme temperature,nutrient deficiency or toxicity,and ultraviolet B exposure.We also review the roles of epigenetic mechanisms in the formation of transgenerational stress memory.We posit that a better understanding of the epigenetic underpinnings of abiotic stress responses in plants may facilitate the design of more stress-resistant or-resilient crops,which is essential for coping with global warming and extreme environments.展开更多
In the original version of this article,the order of qPCR bars between dsGFP-and dsIDH-injected termites in Figure 1E was incorrect.This error has been corrected in the following Figure 1 in this article.We apologize ...In the original version of this article,the order of qPCR bars between dsGFP-and dsIDH-injected termites in Figure 1E was incorrect.This error has been corrected in the following Figure 1 in this article.We apologize for any inconvenience that it may have caused.展开更多
Human metallothionein(MT)is a small-size yet efficient metal-binding protein,playing an essential role in metal homeostasis and heavy metal detoxification.MT contains two domains,each forming a polynuclear metal clust...Human metallothionein(MT)is a small-size yet efficient metal-binding protein,playing an essential role in metal homeostasis and heavy metal detoxification.MT contains two domains,each forming a polynuclear metal cluster with an exquisite hexatomic ring structure.The apoprotein is intrinsically disordered,which may strongly influence the clusters and the metal-thiolate(M-S)bonds,leading to a highly dynamic structure.However,these features are challenging to identify due to the transient nature of these species.The individual signal from dynamic conformations with different states of the cluster and M-S bond will be averaged and blurred in classic ensemble measurement.To circumvent these problems,we combined a single-molecule approach and multiscale molecular simulations to investigate the rupture mechanism and chemical stability of the metal cluster by a single MT molecule,focusing on the Zn4S11 cluster in theαdomain upon unfolding.Unusual multiple unfolding pathways and intermediates are observed for both domains,corresponding to different combinations of M-S bond rupture.None of the pathways is clearly preferred suggesting that unfolding proceeds from the distribution of protein conformational substates with similar M-S bond strengths.Simulations indicate that the metal cluster may rearrange,forming and breaking metal-thiolate bonds even when MT is folded independently of large protein backbone reconfiguration.Thus,a highly dynamic polynuclear metal cluster with multiple conformational states is revealed in MT,responsible for the binding promiscuity and diverse cellular functions of this metal-carrier protein.展开更多
In this paper,a controller is designed for a group of cooperative robots to achieve the stable displacements.Communication network among the robots is assumed unavailable and each robot can only measure the displaceme...In this paper,a controller is designed for a group of cooperative robots to achieve the stable displacements.Communication network among the robots is assumed unavailable and each robot can only measure the displacements relative to their neighbours.The controller will enable the robots to move to a predefined formation or a special formation under a suitable protocol which we will design.We will discuss the effect of different sizes of the multi-vehicle system and conduct simulations to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller and the formation protocols.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61976001,62076001,61876184)the Key Projects of University Excellent Talents Support Plan of Anhui Provincial Department of Education(gxyqZD2021089)+1 种基金the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(GXXT‐2020‐050)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2008085QF309).
文摘Influence maximization,whose aim is to maximise the expected number of influenced nodes by selecting a seed set of k influential nodes from a social network,has many applications such as goods advertising and rumour suppression.Among the existing influence maximization methods,the community‐based ones can achieve a good balance between effectiveness and efficiency.However,this kind of algorithm usually utilise the network community structures by viewing each node as a non‐overlapping node.In fact,many nodes in social networks are overlapping ones,which play more important role in influence spreading.To this end,an overlapping community‐based particle swarm opti-mization algorithm named OCPSO for influence maximization in social networks,which can make full use of overlapping nodes,non‐overlapping nodes,and their interactive information is proposed.Specifically,an overlapping community detection algorithm is used to obtain the information of overlapping community structures,based on which three novel evolutionary strategies,such as initialisation,mutation,and local search are designed in OCPSO for better finding influential nodes.Experimental results in terms of influence spread and running time on nine real‐world social networks demonstrate that the proposed OCPSO is competitive and promising comparing to several state‐of‐the‐arts(e.g.CGA,CMA‐IM,CIM,CDH‐SHRINK,CNCG,and CFIN).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51433004 and 51773096)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.17JCZDJC33500)PCSIRT(IRT1257).
文摘Inconvenient dual-laser irradiation and tumor hypoxic environment as well as limited judgment of treating region have impeded the development of combined photothermal and photodynamic therapies(PTT and PDT).Herein,Bi2Se3@AIPH nanoparticles(NPs)are facilely developed to overcome these problems.Through a one-step method,free radical generator(AIPH)and phase transition material(lauric acid,LA,44-46°C)are encapsulated in hollow bismuth selenide nanoparticles(Bi2Se3 NPs).Under a single 808-nm laser irradiation at the tumor area,hyperthermia produced by Bi2Se3 not only directly leads to cell death,but also promotes AIPH release by melting LA and triggers free radical generation,which could further eradicate tumor cells in hypoxic environments.Moreover,Bi2Se3 with high X-ray attenuation coefficient endows the NPs with high computed tomography(CT)imaging capability,which is important for treating area determination.The results exhibit that Bi2Se3@AIPH NPs possesses 31.2%photothermal conversion efficiency for enhanced PTT,ideal free radical generation for oxygen-independent PDT,and 37.77 HU mL mg?1 X-ray attenuation coefficient for CT imaging with high quality.Most importantly,the tumor growth inhibition rate by synergistic PTT,PDT,and following immunotherapy is 99.6%,and even one tumor disappears completely,which demonstrates excellent cascaded synergistic effect of Bi2Se3@AIPH NPs for the tumor therapy.
文摘Micro-emulsion has unique advantages in repairing diesel oil contaminated sand due to its low interfacial tension and strong solubility.By Winsor phase diagram,it was found that with the increase of salinity,the phase of microemulsion transformed from WinsorⅠto WinsorⅢto WinsorⅡ.Under cryogenic electron microscope,it was observed that WinsorⅠwas O/W type,WinsorⅡwas W/O type,and WinsorⅢtype was bi-continuous type.The effect of inorganic salts,alcohol and temperature on the oil removal rate of diesel oil contaminated sand was investigated by static recovery of micro-emulsion precursor.The results showed that for the anionic microemulsion system,with the increase of salinity and alcohols,the oil yield of the upper phase increased first and then decreased,and the two components had a certain compensation effect.For non-ionic micro-emulsion system,with the increase of temperature,the oil yield in the upper phase rose first and then decreased.At the same time,the influence of leaching conditions on oil removal rate was investigated by one-dimensional sand column leaching experiment.It was found that for diesel oil contaminated sand with 15%oil content,when the formulation was 2.00 wt%SDBS,4.05 wt%n-butanol and 0.40 wt%sodium chloride,the optimum leaching conditions were leaching rate of 4 ml·min-1 and leaching amount of 400 ml.Under such conditions,the oil removal rate was up to 82.84%,that is,the oil content of the sand was reduced to 2.57%.Moreover,the micro-emulsion has good cyclicity,and it can still achieve high oil yield after six cycles.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Nos.21806094,22036005,22176119,22076108 and 21906098)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (No.201901D211123)。
文摘Tebuconazole exposure has been described as an increasing hazard to human health.An increasing number of recent studies have shown a positive association between tebuconazole exposure and cardiovascular disease risk,which is characterized by the reduction of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)synthesis.However,researches on the damage of tebuconazole exposure to energy metabolism and the related molecular mechanisms are limited.In the present study,male C57BL/6 mice were treated with tebuconazole at different low concentrations for 4 weeks.The results indicated that tebuconazole could accumulate in the heart and further induce the decrease of ATP content in the mouse heart.Importantly,tebuconazole induced an obvious shift in substrate utilization of fatty acid and glucose by disrupting their corresponding transporters(GLUT1,GLUT4,CD36,FABP3 and FATP1)expression,and significantly repressed the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis(Gabpa and Tfam)and oxidative phosphorylation(CS,Ndufa4,Sdhb,Cox5a and Atp5b)related genes in a dosedependent manner.Further investigation revealed that these alterations were related to the IRS1/AKT and PPARγ/RXRαpathways.These findings contribute to a better understanding of triazole fungicide-induced cardiovascular disease by revealing the key indicators associated with this phenomenon.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871201 and 31371060).
文摘Friedreich's ataxia(FRDA)is the most common neurodegenerative disease caused by an autosomal recessive singlegene mutation,affecting 2-4 per 100,000 Caucasians[1].The causative gene is frataxin(FXN),located on chromosome 9q13,and it encodes a 210-amino-acid mitochondrial matrix protein.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32001448,32272027,and 31971822)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M670828)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Jilin Association for Science and Technology (QT2020011)。
文摘The salinization of irrigated land affects agricultural productivity.HIGH-AFFINITY POTASSIUM(K+)TRANSPORTER 1;5(OsHKT1;5)-dependent sodium(Na+)transport is a key salt tolerance mechanism during rice growth and development.Using a previously generated high-throughput activation tagging-based T-DNA insertion mutant pool,we isolated a mutant exhibiting salt stress-sensitive phenotype,caused by a reduction in OsHKT1;5transcripts.The salt stress-sensitive phenotype of this mutant results from the loss of function of OsDNAJ15,which encodes plasma membranelocalized heat shock protein 40(Hsp40).osdnaj15loss-of-function mutants show decreased plant height,increased leaf angle,and reduced grain number caused by shorter panicle length and fewer branches.On the other háand,OsDNAJ15-overexpression plants showed salt stress-tolerant phenotypes.Intriguingly,salt stress facilitates the nuclear relocation of OsDNAJ15 so that it can interact with OsBAG4,and OsDNAJ15 and OsBAG4synergistically facilitate the DNA-binding activity of OsMYB106 to positively regulate the expression of OsHKT1;5.Overall,our results reveal a novel function of plasma membrane-localized Hsp40protein in modulating,alongside chaperon regulator OsBAG4,transcriptional regulation under salinity stress tolerance.
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52005451)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2022M712876)+1 种基金supported by the Joint Fund of Research and Development Program of Henan Province, China (No. 222301420033)the Foundation of Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists, China (No. GZS2021001)
文摘The mechanical behavior of plain woven Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer(CFRP)composites under Three-Point Bending(TPB)is investigated via experimental and numerical approaches.Multiscale models,including microscale,mesoscale and macroscale models,have been developed to characterize the TPB strength and damages.Thereinto,Representative Volume Elements(RVEs)of the microscale and mesoscale structures are established to determine the effective properties of carbon-fiber yarn and CFRP composites,respectively.Aimed at accurately and efficiently predicting the TPB behavior,an Equivalent Cross-Ply Laminate(ECPL)cell is proposed to simplify the inherent woven architecture,and the effective properties of the subcell are computed using a local homogenization approach.The macroscale model of the TPB specimen is constructed by a topology structure of ECPL cells to predict the mechanical behavior.The TPB experiments have been performed to validate the multiscale models.Both the experimental and numerical results reveal that delamination mainly appears in the top and bottom interfaces of the CFRP laminates.And matrix cracking and delamination are identified as the significant damage modes during the TPB process.Finally,the quasi-static and dynamic behaviors of plain woven composites are discussed by comparing the results of Low-Velocity Impact(LVI)and TPB simulations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32001448,32272027)。
文摘Soil salinity severely limits crop yields and quality.Plants have evolved several strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity,including redistribution and compartmentalization of toxic ions using ion-specific transporters.However,the mechanisms underlying the regulation of these ion transporters have not been fully elucidated.Loss-of-function mutants of OsHKT2;1,which is involved in sodium uptake,exhibit strong salt stress-resistant phenotypes.In this study,OsHKT2;1 was identified as a transcriptional target of the type-B response regulator OsRR22.Loss-of-function osrr22 mutants showed resilience to salt stress,and OsRR22-overexpression plants were sensitive to salt stress.OsRR22 was found to activate the expression of OsHKT2;1 by directly binding to the promoter region of OsHKT2;1 via a consensus cis-element of type-B response regulators.Moreover,rice DELLA protein OsSLR1 directly interacted with OsRR22 and functioned as a transcriptional co-activator.This study has uncovered a novel transcriptional regulatory mechanism by which a type-B response regulator controls sodium transport under salinity stress.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0702100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U21A2079)+2 种基金the Beijing Natural Sci-ence Foundation(Grant No.2182032)the Zhejiang Provincial Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2021C01026 and 2021C05002)and the Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang(No.2020R01007).
文摘Thermoelectric materials have drawn extensive interest due to the direct conversion between electricity and heat,however,it is usually a time-consuming process for applying traditional“sequential”meth-ods to grow materials and investigate their properties,especially for thermoelectric films that typically require fine microstructure control.High-throughput experimental approaches can effectively accelerate materials development,but the methods for high-throughput screening of the microstructures require further study.In this work,a combinatorial high-throughput optimization solution of material properties is proposed for the parallel screening and optimizing of composition and microstructure,which involves two distinctive types of high-throughput fabrication approaches for thin films,along with a new portable multiple discrete masks based high-throughput preparation platform.Thus,Bi_(2)Te_(3-x)Se_(x)thin film library with 196 throughputs for locating the optimized composition is obtained in one growth cycle.In addition,another thin film library composed of 31 materials with traceable process parameters is built to further investigate the relationship between microstructure,process,and thermoelectric performance.Through high-throughput screening,the Bi_(2)Te_(2.9)Se_(0.1)film with(00l)orientation is prepared with a peak zT value of 1.303 at 353 K along with a high average zT value of 1.047 in the interval from 313 to 523 K.This method can be also extended to the discovery of other functional thin films with a rapid combinatorial screening of the composition and structure to accelerate material optimization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81371213,81070987,and30971531)the grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2010CB945600 and 2010CB945601)
文摘Neuroplastin 65(Np65) is an immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecule involved in synaptic formation and plasticity. Our recent study showed that Np65-knockout(KO) mice exhibit abnormal cognition and emotional disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we found 588 differentiallyexpressed genes in Np65-KO mice by microarray analysis.RT-PCR analysis also revealed the altered expression of genes associated with development and synaptic structure,such as Cdh1, Htr3 a, and Kcnj9. In addition, the expression of Wnt-3, a Wnt protein involved in development, was decreased in Np65-KO mice as evidenced by western blotting. Surprisingly, MRI and DAPI staining showed a significant reduction in the lateral ventricular volume of Np65-KO mice. Together, these findings suggest that ablation of Np65 influences gene expression, which may contribute to abnormal brain development. These results provide clues to the mechanisms underlying the altered brain functions of Np65-deficient mice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971822 to Z.-Y.X. and 32001448 to Y.L.)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M670828 to Y.L.)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2412020QD020 to Y.L.)
文摘The glucose sensor HEXOKINASE1(HXK1)integrates myriad external and internal signals to regulate gene expression and development in Arabidopsis thaliana.However,how HXK1 mediates glucose signaling in the nucleus remains unclear.Here,using immunoprecipitationcoupled mass spectrometry,we show that two catalytic subunits of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2,SWINGER(SWN)and CURLY LEAF(CLF),directly interact with catalytically active HXK1 and its inactive forms(HXK1^(G104D) and HXK1^(S177A))via their evolutionarily conserved SANT domains.HXK1,CLF,and SWN target common glucose-responsive genes to regulate glucose signaling,as revealed by RNA sequencing.The glucose-insensitive phenotypes of the Arabidopsis swn-1 and clf-50 mutants were similar to that of hxk1,and genetic analysis revealed that CLF,SWN,and HXK1 function in the same genetic pathway.Intriguingly,HXK1 is required for CLF-and SWN-mediated histone H3 lysine 27(H3K27me3)deposition and glucose-mediated gene repression.Moreover,CLF and SWN affect the recruitment of HXK1 to its target chromatin.These findings support a model in which HXK1 and epigenetic modifiers form a nuclear complex to cooperatively mediate glucose signaling,thereby affecting the histone modification and expression of glucoseregulated genes in plants.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971822 and 32001448)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Jilin Association for Science and Technology(QT2020011)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2412022QD028)。
文摘DNA methylation and histone modification are evolutionarily conserved epigenetic modifications that are crucial for the expression regulation of abiotic stress-responsive genes in plants.Dynamic changes in gene expression levels can result from changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications.In the last two decades,how epigenetic machinery regulates abiotic stress responses in plants has been extensively studied.Here,based on recent publications,we review how DNA methylation and histone modifications impact gene expression regulation in response to abiotic stresses such as drought,abscisic acid,high salt,extreme temperature,nutrient deficiency or toxicity,and ultraviolet B exposure.We also review the roles of epigenetic mechanisms in the formation of transgenerational stress memory.We posit that a better understanding of the epigenetic underpinnings of abiotic stress responses in plants may facilitate the design of more stress-resistant or-resilient crops,which is essential for coping with global warming and extreme environments.
文摘In the original version of this article,the order of qPCR bars between dsGFP-and dsIDH-injected termites in Figure 1E was incorrect.This error has been corrected in the following Figure 1 in this article.We apologize for any inconvenience that it may have caused.
基金was funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.14380259)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BK20200058 and BK20202004)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21771103 and 21977047)the Fundação para Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo(FAPESP)(scholarship 2017/26109-0 to FC and Grants 2018/08311-9 and 2019/21856-7 to GMA)。
文摘Human metallothionein(MT)is a small-size yet efficient metal-binding protein,playing an essential role in metal homeostasis and heavy metal detoxification.MT contains two domains,each forming a polynuclear metal cluster with an exquisite hexatomic ring structure.The apoprotein is intrinsically disordered,which may strongly influence the clusters and the metal-thiolate(M-S)bonds,leading to a highly dynamic structure.However,these features are challenging to identify due to the transient nature of these species.The individual signal from dynamic conformations with different states of the cluster and M-S bond will be averaged and blurred in classic ensemble measurement.To circumvent these problems,we combined a single-molecule approach and multiscale molecular simulations to investigate the rupture mechanism and chemical stability of the metal cluster by a single MT molecule,focusing on the Zn4S11 cluster in theαdomain upon unfolding.Unusual multiple unfolding pathways and intermediates are observed for both domains,corresponding to different combinations of M-S bond rupture.None of the pathways is clearly preferred suggesting that unfolding proceeds from the distribution of protein conformational substates with similar M-S bond strengths.Simulations indicate that the metal cluster may rearrange,forming and breaking metal-thiolate bonds even when MT is folded independently of large protein backbone reconfiguration.Thus,a highly dynamic polynuclear metal cluster with multiple conformational states is revealed in MT,responsible for the binding promiscuity and diverse cellular functions of this metal-carrier protein.
基金partially supported by theAustralianResearch Council[grant numberDP140102180],[grant number LP140100471]the China Scholarship Council.
文摘In this paper,a controller is designed for a group of cooperative robots to achieve the stable displacements.Communication network among the robots is assumed unavailable and each robot can only measure the displacements relative to their neighbours.The controller will enable the robots to move to a predefined formation or a special formation under a suitable protocol which we will design.We will discuss the effect of different sizes of the multi-vehicle system and conduct simulations to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller and the formation protocols.
