Direct seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production has been regarded as a viable route to utilize surplus renewable energy and address the climate crisis.However,the harsh electrochemical environment of seawater,par...Direct seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production has been regarded as a viable route to utilize surplus renewable energy and address the climate crisis.However,the harsh electrochemical environment of seawater,particularly the presence of aggressive Cl^(-),has been proven to be prone to parasitic chloride ion oxidation and corrosion reactions,thus restricting seawater electrolyzer lifetime.Herein,hierarchical structure(Ni,Fe)O(OH)@NiCoS nanorod arrays(NAs)catalysts with heterointerfaces and localized oxygen vacancies were synthesized at nickel foam substrates via the combination of hydrothermal and annealing methods to boost seawater dissociation.The hiera rchical nanostructure of NiCoS NAs enhanced electrode charge transfer rate and active surface area to accelerate oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and generated sulfate gradient layers to repulsive aggressive Cl^(-).The fabricated heterostructure and vacancies of(Ni,Fe)O(OH)tuned catalyst electronic structure into an electrophilic state to enhance the binding affinity of hydroxyl intermediates and facilitate the structural transformation into amorphousγ-NiFeOOH for promoting OER.Furthermore,through operando electrochemistry techniques,we found that theγ-NiFeOOH possessing an unsaturated coordination environment and lattice-oxygen-participated OER mechanism can minimize electrode Cl^(-)corrosion enabled by stabilizing the adsorption of OH*intermediates,making it one of the best OER catalysts in the seawater medium reported to date.Consequently,these catalysts can deliver current densities of 100 and 500 mA cm-2for boosting OER at minimal overpotentials of 245and 316 mV,respectively,and thus prevent chloride ion oxidation simultaneously.Impressively,a highly stable anion exchange membrane(AEM)seawater electrolyzer based on the non-noble metal heterostructure electrodes reached a record low degradation rate under 100μV h-1at constant industrial current densities of 400 and 600 mA cm-2over 300 h,which exhibits a promising future for the nonprecious and stable AEMWE in the direct seawater electrolysis industry.展开更多
Accurate load forecasting forms a crucial foundation for implementing household demand response plans andoptimizing load scheduling. When dealing with short-term load data characterized by substantial fluctuations,a s...Accurate load forecasting forms a crucial foundation for implementing household demand response plans andoptimizing load scheduling. When dealing with short-term load data characterized by substantial fluctuations,a single prediction model is hard to capture temporal features effectively, resulting in diminished predictionaccuracy. In this study, a hybrid deep learning framework that integrates attention mechanism, convolution neuralnetwork (CNN), improved chaotic particle swarm optimization (ICPSO), and long short-term memory (LSTM), isproposed for short-term household load forecasting. Firstly, the CNN model is employed to extract features fromthe original data, enhancing the quality of data features. Subsequently, the moving average method is used for datapreprocessing, followed by the application of the LSTM network to predict the processed data. Moreover, the ICPSOalgorithm is introduced to optimize the parameters of LSTM, aimed at boosting the model’s running speed andaccuracy. Finally, the attention mechanism is employed to optimize the output value of LSTM, effectively addressinginformation loss in LSTM induced by lengthy sequences and further elevating prediction accuracy. According tothe numerical analysis, the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed hybrid model have been verified. It canexplore data features adeptly, achieving superior prediction accuracy compared to other forecasting methods forthe household load exhibiting significant fluctuations across different seasons.展开更多
The significance of exosomes has emerged in a variety of physiological processes and diseases.Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal diseases at present.Recently,increasing evidence has suggested that exosom...The significance of exosomes has emerged in a variety of physiological processes and diseases.Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal diseases at present.Recently,increasing evidence has suggested that exosomes are vital for mediating the elaborate interaction of highly heterogeneous cell clusters within the pancreatic tumor microenvironment,contributing to activating pancreatic stellate cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts,compromising immune cells,and enhancing angiogenesis.Besides their natural and intrinsic roles,exosomes may provide a novel potential way for pancreatic cancer management and therapy as well.Thus,exosomes not only mediate cellular communication during pancreatic cancer progression but also serve as a promising player in precise pancreatic cancer management and treatment.To comprehensively summarize the role of exosomes in pancreatic cancer,we searched the PubMed database and reviewed all relevant original studies.展开更多
Climate extremes have emerged as a crucial driver of changes in terrestrial ecosystems. The Tibetan Plateau, facing a rapid climate change, tends to favor climate extremes. But we lack a clear understanding of the imp...Climate extremes have emerged as a crucial driver of changes in terrestrial ecosystems. The Tibetan Plateau, facing a rapid climate change, tends to favor climate extremes. But we lack a clear understanding of the impacts of such extremes on alpine grasslands. Here we show that extreme events(drought,extreme wet, extreme cold and extreme hot) occurred at a frequency of 0.67–4 months decade^(-1) during2001–2015, with extreme precipitation predominantly occurring in June-to-August and extreme temperatures in May. Drought and extreme wet cause opposite and asymmetric effects on grassland growth,with drought-induced reductions greater than increases due to extreme wet. Grassland responses to extreme temperatures, which predominantly occur in May, show a dipole-like spatial pattern, with extreme hot(cold) events enhanced(reduced) growth in the eastern plateau but slightly reduced(enhanced) growth in the western plateau. These opposite responses to extreme temperatures over the eastern plateau are explained by the possibility that the occurrence of extreme cold slows the preseason temperature accumulation, delaying the triggering of spring phenology, while extreme hot hastens the accumulation. In the western plateau, in contrast, positive responses to extreme cold are induced by accompanying high precipitation. Furthermore, high extremeness of climate events generally led to a much lower extremeness in growth response, implying that the Tibetan grasslands have a relatively high resistance to climate extremes. The ecosystem models tested could not accurately simulate grassland responses to drought and extreme temperatures, and require re-parameterization before trust can be placed in their output for this region.展开更多
Maintenance of cell junctions plays a crucial role in the regulation of cellular functions including cell proliferation, permeability, and cell death. Disruption of cell junctions is implicated in a variety of human d...Maintenance of cell junctions plays a crucial role in the regulation of cellular functions including cell proliferation, permeability, and cell death. Disruption of cell junctions is implicated in a variety of human disorders, such as inflammatory diseases and cancers. Understanding molecular regulation of cell junctions is important for development of therapeutic strategies for intervention of human diseases. Ubiquitination is an important type of post-translational modification that primarily regulates endogenous protein stability, recep- tor internalization, enzyme activity, and protein-protein interactions. Ubiquitination is tightly regulated by ubiq- uitin E3 ligases and can be reversed by deubiquitinating enzymes. Recent studies have been focusing on inves- tigating the effect of protein stability in the regulation of cell-cell junctions. Ubiquitination and degradation of cadherins, claudins, and their interacting proteins are implicated in epithelial and endothelial barrier disruption. Recent studies have revealed that ubiquitination is involved in regulation of Rho GTPases＇ biological activities. Taken together these studies, ubiquitination plays a critical role in modulating cell junctions and motility. In this review, we will discuss the effects of ubiquitination and deubiquitination on protein stability and expression of key proteins in the cell-cell junctions, including junction proteins, their interacting proteins, and small Rho GTPases. We provide an overview of protein stability in modulation of epithelial and endothelial barrier integrity and introduce potential future search directions to better understand the effects of ubiquitination on human disorders caused by dysfunction of cell junctions.展开更多
Phosphorylation affects ubiquitination, stability, and activity of transcriptional factors, thus regulating various cellular functions. E2F transcriptional factor I （E2F1） regulates paternally expressed imprinted ge...Phosphorylation affects ubiquitination, stability, and activity of transcriptional factors, thus regulating various cellular functions. E2F transcriptional factor I （E2F1） regulates paternally expressed imprinted gene 10 （Peg10） expression, thereby promoting cell proliferation. However, the effect of E2FZ stability on PeglO expression and the molecular regulation of E2FZ stability by its phos- phorylation have not been well demonstrated. Here, we describe a new pathway in which phosphorylation of E2F1 by GSK3p increases E2FZ association with the deubiquitinating enzyme, ubiquitin-specific protease 11 （USPll）, which removes K63-1inked ubiquitin chains thereby preventing E2FZ degradation in the nuclei. Downregulation of USPlZ increases E2FZ ubiquitination and reduces E2F1 stability and protein levels, thereby decreasing PeglO mRNA levels. Physiologically, USPll depletion suppresses cell proliferation and wound healing in lung epithelial cells, and these effects are reversed by E2F1 and PEGIO overexpression. Thus, our study reveals a new molecular model that phosphorylation promotes substrate stability through increasing its associ- ation with a deubiquitinating enzyme. The data suggest that GSK3p and USPll act in concert to modulate E2FZ abundance and PEGIO expression in lung epithelial celts to affect cell wound healing. This study provides new therapeutic targets to lessen lung injury by improving lung epithelial cell repair and remodeling after injury.展开更多
The significance of exosomes has emerged in a variety of physiological processes and diseases.Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal diseases at present.Recently,increasing evidence has suggested that exosom...The significance of exosomes has emerged in a variety of physiological processes and diseases.Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal diseases at present.Recently,increasing evidence has suggested that exosomes are vital for mediating the elaborate interaction of highly heterogeneous cell clusters within the pancreatic tumor microenvironment,contributing to activating pancreatic stellate cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts,compromising immune cells,and enhancing angiogenesis.Besides their natural and intrinsic roles,exosomes may provide a novel potential way for pancreatic cancer management and therapy as well.Thus,exosomes not only mediate cellular communication during pancreatic cancer progression but also serve as a promising player in precise pancreatic cancer management and treatment.To comprehensively summarize the role of exosomes in pancreatic cancer,we searched the PubMed database and reviewed all relevant original studies.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4002100)the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22090032,22090030)。
文摘Direct seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production has been regarded as a viable route to utilize surplus renewable energy and address the climate crisis.However,the harsh electrochemical environment of seawater,particularly the presence of aggressive Cl^(-),has been proven to be prone to parasitic chloride ion oxidation and corrosion reactions,thus restricting seawater electrolyzer lifetime.Herein,hierarchical structure(Ni,Fe)O(OH)@NiCoS nanorod arrays(NAs)catalysts with heterointerfaces and localized oxygen vacancies were synthesized at nickel foam substrates via the combination of hydrothermal and annealing methods to boost seawater dissociation.The hiera rchical nanostructure of NiCoS NAs enhanced electrode charge transfer rate and active surface area to accelerate oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and generated sulfate gradient layers to repulsive aggressive Cl^(-).The fabricated heterostructure and vacancies of(Ni,Fe)O(OH)tuned catalyst electronic structure into an electrophilic state to enhance the binding affinity of hydroxyl intermediates and facilitate the structural transformation into amorphousγ-NiFeOOH for promoting OER.Furthermore,through operando electrochemistry techniques,we found that theγ-NiFeOOH possessing an unsaturated coordination environment and lattice-oxygen-participated OER mechanism can minimize electrode Cl^(-)corrosion enabled by stabilizing the adsorption of OH*intermediates,making it one of the best OER catalysts in the seawater medium reported to date.Consequently,these catalysts can deliver current densities of 100 and 500 mA cm-2for boosting OER at minimal overpotentials of 245and 316 mV,respectively,and thus prevent chloride ion oxidation simultaneously.Impressively,a highly stable anion exchange membrane(AEM)seawater electrolyzer based on the non-noble metal heterostructure electrodes reached a record low degradation rate under 100μV h-1at constant industrial current densities of 400 and 600 mA cm-2over 300 h,which exhibits a promising future for the nonprecious and stable AEMWE in the direct seawater electrolysis industry.
基金the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.22QA1403900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71804106)the Noncarbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute under the Shanghai Class IV Peak Disciplinary Development Program.
文摘Accurate load forecasting forms a crucial foundation for implementing household demand response plans andoptimizing load scheduling. When dealing with short-term load data characterized by substantial fluctuations,a single prediction model is hard to capture temporal features effectively, resulting in diminished predictionaccuracy. In this study, a hybrid deep learning framework that integrates attention mechanism, convolution neuralnetwork (CNN), improved chaotic particle swarm optimization (ICPSO), and long short-term memory (LSTM), isproposed for short-term household load forecasting. Firstly, the CNN model is employed to extract features fromthe original data, enhancing the quality of data features. Subsequently, the moving average method is used for datapreprocessing, followed by the application of the LSTM network to predict the processed data. Moreover, the ICPSOalgorithm is introduced to optimize the parameters of LSTM, aimed at boosting the model’s running speed andaccuracy. Finally, the attention mechanism is employed to optimize the output value of LSTM, effectively addressinginformation loss in LSTM induced by lengthy sequences and further elevating prediction accuracy. According tothe numerical analysis, the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed hybrid model have been verified. It canexplore data features adeptly, achieving superior prediction accuracy compared to other forecasting methods forthe household load exhibiting significant fluctuations across different seasons.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China Grants(No.81773215,82173074)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(No.2021-I2M-1-002).
文摘The significance of exosomes has emerged in a variety of physiological processes and diseases.Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal diseases at present.Recently,increasing evidence has suggested that exosomes are vital for mediating the elaborate interaction of highly heterogeneous cell clusters within the pancreatic tumor microenvironment,contributing to activating pancreatic stellate cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts,compromising immune cells,and enhancing angiogenesis.Besides their natural and intrinsic roles,exosomes may provide a novel potential way for pancreatic cancer management and therapy as well.Thus,exosomes not only mediate cellular communication during pancreatic cancer progression but also serve as a promising player in precise pancreatic cancer management and treatment.To comprehensively summarize the role of exosomes in pancreatic cancer,we searched the PubMed database and reviewed all relevant original studies.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program (A) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20050101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41530528, 41871104)+3 种基金the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation Project (Y7Gc011012)the Key Research and Development Programs for Global Change and Adaptation (2017YFA0603604)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) Projectthe Thousand Youth Talents Plan Project in China
文摘Climate extremes have emerged as a crucial driver of changes in terrestrial ecosystems. The Tibetan Plateau, facing a rapid climate change, tends to favor climate extremes. But we lack a clear understanding of the impacts of such extremes on alpine grasslands. Here we show that extreme events(drought,extreme wet, extreme cold and extreme hot) occurred at a frequency of 0.67–4 months decade^(-1) during2001–2015, with extreme precipitation predominantly occurring in June-to-August and extreme temperatures in May. Drought and extreme wet cause opposite and asymmetric effects on grassland growth,with drought-induced reductions greater than increases due to extreme wet. Grassland responses to extreme temperatures, which predominantly occur in May, show a dipole-like spatial pattern, with extreme hot(cold) events enhanced(reduced) growth in the eastern plateau but slightly reduced(enhanced) growth in the western plateau. These opposite responses to extreme temperatures over the eastern plateau are explained by the possibility that the occurrence of extreme cold slows the preseason temperature accumulation, delaying the triggering of spring phenology, while extreme hot hastens the accumulation. In the western plateau, in contrast, positive responses to extreme cold are induced by accompanying high precipitation. Furthermore, high extremeness of climate events generally led to a much lower extremeness in growth response, implying that the Tibetan grasslands have a relatively high resistance to climate extremes. The ecosystem models tested could not accurately simulate grassland responses to drought and extreme temperatures, and require re-parameterization before trust can be placed in their output for this region.
文摘Maintenance of cell junctions plays a crucial role in the regulation of cellular functions including cell proliferation, permeability, and cell death. Disruption of cell junctions is implicated in a variety of human disorders, such as inflammatory diseases and cancers. Understanding molecular regulation of cell junctions is important for development of therapeutic strategies for intervention of human diseases. Ubiquitination is an important type of post-translational modification that primarily regulates endogenous protein stability, recep- tor internalization, enzyme activity, and protein-protein interactions. Ubiquitination is tightly regulated by ubiq- uitin E3 ligases and can be reversed by deubiquitinating enzymes. Recent studies have been focusing on inves- tigating the effect of protein stability in the regulation of cell-cell junctions. Ubiquitination and degradation of cadherins, claudins, and their interacting proteins are implicated in epithelial and endothelial barrier disruption. Recent studies have revealed that ubiquitination is involved in regulation of Rho GTPases＇ biological activities. Taken together these studies, ubiquitination plays a critical role in modulating cell junctions and motility. In this review, we will discuss the effects of ubiquitination and deubiquitination on protein stability and expression of key proteins in the cell-cell junctions, including junction proteins, their interacting proteins, and small Rho GTPases. We provide an overview of protein stability in modulation of epithelial and endothelial barrier integrity and introduce potential future search directions to better understand the effects of ubiquitination on human disorders caused by dysfunction of cell junctions.
文摘Phosphorylation affects ubiquitination, stability, and activity of transcriptional factors, thus regulating various cellular functions. E2F transcriptional factor I （E2F1） regulates paternally expressed imprinted gene 10 （Peg10） expression, thereby promoting cell proliferation. However, the effect of E2FZ stability on PeglO expression and the molecular regulation of E2FZ stability by its phos- phorylation have not been well demonstrated. Here, we describe a new pathway in which phosphorylation of E2F1 by GSK3p increases E2FZ association with the deubiquitinating enzyme, ubiquitin-specific protease 11 （USPll）, which removes K63-1inked ubiquitin chains thereby preventing E2FZ degradation in the nuclei. Downregulation of USPlZ increases E2FZ ubiquitination and reduces E2F1 stability and protein levels, thereby decreasing PeglO mRNA levels. Physiologically, USPll depletion suppresses cell proliferation and wound healing in lung epithelial cells, and these effects are reversed by E2F1 and PEGIO overexpression. Thus, our study reveals a new molecular model that phosphorylation promotes substrate stability through increasing its associ- ation with a deubiquitinating enzyme. The data suggest that GSK3p and USPll act in concert to modulate E2FZ abundance and PEGIO expression in lung epithelial celts to affect cell wound healing. This study provides new therapeutic targets to lessen lung injury by improving lung epithelial cell repair and remodeling after injury.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grants(No.81773215,82173074)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(No.2021-I2M-1-002).
文摘The significance of exosomes has emerged in a variety of physiological processes and diseases.Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal diseases at present.Recently,increasing evidence has suggested that exosomes are vital for mediating the elaborate interaction of highly heterogeneous cell clusters within the pancreatic tumor microenvironment,contributing to activating pancreatic stellate cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts,compromising immune cells,and enhancing angiogenesis.Besides their natural and intrinsic roles,exosomes may provide a novel potential way for pancreatic cancer management and therapy as well.Thus,exosomes not only mediate cellular communication during pancreatic cancer progression but also serve as a promising player in precise pancreatic cancer management and treatment.To comprehensively summarize the role of exosomes in pancreatic cancer,we searched the PubMed database and reviewed all relevant original studies.
