Distributed photovoltaic(PV)is one of the important power sources for building a new power system with new energy as the main body.The rapid development of distributed PV has brought new challenges to the operation of...Distributed photovoltaic(PV)is one of the important power sources for building a new power system with new energy as the main body.The rapid development of distributed PV has brought new challenges to the operation of distribution networks.In order to improve the absorption ability of large-scale distributed PV access to the distribution network,the AC/DC hybrid distribution network is constructed based on flexible interconnection technology,and a coordinated scheduling strategy model of hydrogen energy storage(HS)and distributed PV is established.Firstly,the mathematical model of distributed PV and HS system is established,and a comprehensive energy storage system combining seasonal hydrogen energy storage(SHS)and battery(BT)is proposed.Then,a flexible interconnected distribution network scheduling optimization model is established to minimize the total active power loss,voltage deviation and system operating cost.Finally,simulation analysis is carried out on the improved IEEE33 node,the NSGA-II algorithm is used to solve specific examples,and the optimal scheduling results of the comprehensive economy and power quality of the distribution network are obtained.Compared with the method that does not consider HS and flexible interconnection technology,the network loss and voltage deviation of this method are lower,and the total system cost can be reduced by 3.55%,which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
With the increasing use of distributed electric vehicles(EV),energy management in the Internet of vehicles(IoV)has attracted more attention,especially demand response(DR)management to achieve efficient energy manageme...With the increasing use of distributed electric vehicles(EV),energy management in the Internet of vehicles(IoV)has attracted more attention,especially demand response(DR)management to achieve efficient energy management in IoV.Therefore,it is a tendency to introduce distributed energy such as renewable energy into the existing supply system.For optimizing the energy internet(EI)for IoV,in this paper,we introduce blockchain into energy internet and propose a secure EI scheme for IoV based on post-quantum blockchain,which provides the new information services and an incentive cooperation mechanism for the current energy IoV system.Firstly,based on the principles of constructing a short lattice basis and preimage sampling,a lattice signature scheme is proposed and used in blockchain for authentication,which provides anti-quantum security.Secondly,we design the EI based on the post-quantum blockchain model.Lastly,based on this model,we design a secure EI scheme for IoV based on post-quantum blockchain.Through our analysis and experiment,this new scheme can increase the efficiency of energy utilization and enrich EI’s application in IoV.In particular,we further illustrate and analyze its performance.It is shown that EI based on post-quantum blockchain is more secure and efficient in information communications and energy trading.展开更多
The car-hailing platform based on Internet of Vehicles(IoV)tech-nology greatly facilitates passengers’daily car-hailing,enabling drivers to obtain orders more efficiently and obtain more significant benefits.However,...The car-hailing platform based on Internet of Vehicles(IoV)tech-nology greatly facilitates passengers’daily car-hailing,enabling drivers to obtain orders more efficiently and obtain more significant benefits.However,to match the driver closest to the passenger,it is often necessary to process the location information of the passenger and driver,which poses a considerable threat to privacy disclosure to the passenger and driver.Targeting these issues,in this paper,by combining blockchain and Paillier homomorphic encryption algorithm,we design a secure blockchain-enabled IoV scheme with privacy protection for online car-hailing.In this scheme,firstly,we propose an encryp-tion scheme based on the lattice.Thus,the location information of passengers and drivers is encrypted in this system.Secondly,by introducing Paillier homomorphic encryption algorithm,the location matching of passengers and drivers is carried out in the ciphertext state to protect their location privacy.At last,blockchain technology is used to record the transactions in online car-hailing,which can provide a security guarantee for passengers and drivers.And we further analyze the security and performance of this scheme.Compared with other schemes,the experimental results show that the proposed scheme can protect the user’s location privacy and have a better performance.展开更多
Background: Mortality outcomes in trials of low-dose computed tomography(CT) screening for lung cancer are inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate whether CT screening in urban areas of China could reduce lung canc...Background: Mortality outcomes in trials of low-dose computed tomography(CT) screening for lung cancer are inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate whether CT screening in urban areas of China could reduce lung cancer mortality and to investigate the factors that associate with the screening effect.Methods: A decision tree model with three scenarios(low-dose CT screening, chest X-ray screening, and no screening) was developed to compare screening results in a simulated Chinese urban cohort(100,000 smokers aged45-80 years). Data of participant characteristics were obtained from national registries and epidemiological surveys for estimating lung cancer prevalence. The selection of other tree variables such as sensitivities and specificities of low-dose CT and chest X-ray screening were based on literature research. Differences in lung cancer mortality(primary outcome), false diagnoses, and deaths due to false diagnosis were calculated. Sensitivity analyses were performed to identify the factors that associate with the screening results and to ascertain worst and optimal screening effects considering possible ranges of the variables.Results: Among the 100,000 subjects, there were 448,541, and 591 lung cancer deaths in the low-dose CT, chest X-ray, and no screening scenarios, respectively(17.2% reduction in low-dose CT screening over chest X-ray screening and 24.2% over no screening). The costs of the two screening scenarios were 9387 and 2497 false diagnoses and 7and 2 deaths due to false diagnosis among the 100,000 persons, respectively. The factors that most influenced death reduction with low-dose CT screening over no screening were lung cancer prevalence in the screened cohort, lowdose CT sensitivity, and proportion of early-stage cancers among low-dose CT detected lung cancers. Considering all possibilities, reduction in deaths(relative numbers) with low-dose CT screening in the worst and optimal cases were16(5.4%) and 288(40.2%) over no screening, respectively.Conclusions: In terms of mortality outcomes, our findings favor conducting low-dose CT screening in urban China.However, approaches to reducing false diagnoses and optimizing important screening conditions such as enrollment criteria for screening are highly needed.展开更多
Objective： Although superior clinical benefits of epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） tyrosine kinase inhibitors （TKIs） in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC） had been reported, the...Objective： Although superior clinical benefits of epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） tyrosine kinase inhibitors （TKIs） in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC） had been reported, the survival difference between exon 19 deletion （Dell9） and exon 21 Leu858Arg substitution （L858R） remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in progression-free survival （PFS） and overall survival （OS） between different EGFR mutant subtypes among advanced NSCLC patients receiving gefitinib. Methods： There were 204 advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations treated with gefitinib were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into the EGFR Dell9 group and the L858R mutated group according to their mutant subtype. Propensity score matching （PSM） was conducted by using a nearest-neighbor algorithm （1：1） to adjust for demographical and clinical covariates. Survival curves were constructed with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by using the log-rank test. Results： The PFS in Dell9 group was similar to that in the L858R group [before PSM 8.6 vs. 7.2 months, P=0.072; after PSM 7.3 vs. 7.2 months, P=0.155]. No differences were detected in OS between the L858R and the Dell9 group （before PSM 17.8 vs. 13.1 months, P=0.253; after PSM 16.9 vs. 13.1 months, P=0.339）. The Dell9 group was significantly younger compared with the L858R mutation group in age （P=0.015）. Conclusions： No significant difference was found in the PFS or OS between the Dell9 and L858R mutant NSCLC patients receiving gefitinib. The age gap might contribute to the survival differences between Dell9 and L858R groups. PSM is of important value to the elimination of potential bias.展开更多
Background： To determine the safety and therapeutic efficacy of nimotuzumab （h-R3） combined with docetaxel in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC） patients who have failed to respond to prior first-line ch...Background： To determine the safety and therapeutic efficacy of nimotuzumab （h-R3） combined with docetaxel in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC） patients who have failed to respond to prior first-line chemotherapy. Methods： In this single-center, open-label, dose-escalating phase I trial, patients with epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）-expressing stage IV NSCLC were treated with nimotuzumab plus doeetaxel according to a dose escalation schedule. The safety and efficacy of the combination treatment were observed and analyzed.Results： There were 12 patients with EGFR-expressing stage IV NSCLC enrolled. The dose of nimotuzumab was escalated from 200 to 600 mg/week. The longest administration of study drug was 40 weeks at the 600 mg/week dose level. Grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ toxicities included neutropenia and fatigue, and other toxicities included rash. Dose-limiting toxicity occurred with Grade 3 fatigue at the 200 mg dose level of nimotuzumab and Grade 4 neutropenia with pneumonia at the 600 mg dose level of nimotuzumab. No objective responses were observed, and stable disease was observed in eight patients （66.7%）. The median progression-free survival （PFS） was 4.4 months in all patients, 1.3 months in patients with the EGFR mutation, and 4.4 months in those with wild type EGFR （EGFR WT）. The median survival time （MST） was 21.1 months in all patients, 21.1 months in patients with EGFR mutation, and 26.4 months in patients with EGFR WT. Conclusions： Nimotuzumab and docetaxel combination therapy was found to be well tolerated and efficacious. Further study of nimotuzumab is warranted in advanced NSCLC patients.展开更多
Objective： To investigate PIK3CA mutation in Chinese patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma （LSCC） and explore their relationship with clinicopathological profiles. Methods： Tumor samples from 123 cases of LSC...Objective： To investigate PIK3CA mutation in Chinese patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma （LSCC） and explore their relationship with clinicopathological profiles. Methods： Tumor samples from 123 cases of LSCC were included in this study. PIK3CA mutations in exon 9 and 20 were screened by pyrosequencing and confirmed by clone sequencing or amplification refractory mutation system （ARMS）. Denaturing performance liquid chromatography （DHPLC） was employed for evaluation of EGFR mutation in exon 19, 21 and KRAS mutation. Results： PIK3CA mutations were found in 3 （2.4%） patients. The mutation type included E545K, E452Q and H1047R. Of these three patients, one coupled with EGFR mutation, and the other two coupled with PIK3CA amplification. All the three patients shared the same clinicopathologic characteristics： male, less than 60 years old, had smoke history, stage III and carried wild-type KRAS. Conclusions： The frequency of PIK3CA mutation is low in Chinese patients with LSCC. The mutational status of PIK3CA is not mutually exclusive to EGFR mutation.展开更多
By a pot experiment, two kinds of crop stubble (wheat, soybean) were added into continuous cropping soil of cucumber according to different quantity (0.5%, 1% and 2%), the effects of different kinds of stubble and qua...By a pot experiment, two kinds of crop stubble (wheat, soybean) were added into continuous cropping soil of cucumber according to different quantity (0.5%, 1% and 2%), the effects of different kinds of stubble and quantity on the continuous cropping soil and growth of cucumber were investigated. The results showed that two kinds of crop stubble significantly decreased soil bulk density, and increased total porosity of soil. Each of all treatments significantly decreased the accumulation of salinity in soil within the entire growth period of cucumber. 2% wheat stubble treatment had the biggest drop in soil EC in the later period of cucumber growth. Soybean stubble treatment had the lesser effect on soil EC. Wheat and soybean stubble promoted the growth of cucumber, increased the yield of cucumber, and improved the quality of cucumber. 2% of wheat stubble treatment had a biggest increase in cucumber yield, which increased the yield by 34.23% compared with the control.展开更多
This paper introduced the advantages of planting sprout vegetables in family rooms,expounded assembly principle of indoor cultivating device and the key techniques for indoor cultivating sprout vegetables in families....This paper introduced the advantages of planting sprout vegetables in family rooms,expounded assembly principle of indoor cultivating device and the key techniques for indoor cultivating sprout vegetables in families.In the experiment,we assembled a set of indoor cultivating device for sprout vegetables,and summarized the indoor cultivating techniques of sprout vegetables in families.The indoor planting device was suitable for family members to cultivate sprout vegetables in the living rooms,kitchen,balcony and other corner space by using their spare time.It could not only provide high-quality vegetables for families,but also beautify the indoor environments of family rooms,and increase the oxygen content in rooms.This set of indoor cultivating device and techniques was suitable for planting various sprout vegetables(e.g.radish seedling,water spinach seedling,pea seedling,pine willow seedling,sunflower seedling and various bean seedlings,etc.).This is a set of high-efficient spatial planting technique in families,and also an effective way to increase organic vegetable supply for family.展开更多
The study mainly discusses the issues of the settlement of differences that occurs in the process of highway subgrade widening. Firstly, it briefly introduces the settlement of difference and its harms;then it analyze...The study mainly discusses the issues of the settlement of differences that occurs in the process of highway subgrade widening. Firstly, it briefly introduces the settlement of difference and its harms;then it analyzes the mechanism of settlement of differences in the process of difference widening, including four aspects: the new and old roadbeds themselves, design, construction and other links;finally, based on the above analysis of the mechanism, it discusses the corresponding control measures, mainly proposing these suggestions as followings: the use of lightweight materials, the foundation treatment, the cut slope excavation steps, and the strict control of the degree of compaction, etc. The paper is expected to provide some theoretical basis for the control measures of highway subgrade widening settlement of difference.展开更多
Neutrophils constitute a significant portion of the immune cells present within the tumor microenvironment.Evidence generated by our group has confirmed neutrophils to be an adverse independent prognostic factor affec...Neutrophils constitute a significant portion of the immune cells present within the tumor microenvironment.Evidence generated by our group has confirmed neutrophils to be an adverse independent prognostic factor affecting the disease-free survival of gastric carcinoma(GC)patients.1 Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs),protein-covered DNA webs that interact with tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment,were detected in GC tissues and found to clinically associated with disease progression in our previous study.2 NETosis could be mediated by a series of agonists,such as interleukin 8(IL-8).3 However,the mechanism of IL-8 in the progression of GC occurs via NETs remains unclear.In this study,we identified that IL-8-mediated NETosis can promote the proliferation,migration,and invasion of GC cells in vitro,which can be abrogated by NET degradation through deoxyribonucleaseI(DNase I)or IL-8 suppression through neutralizing antibodies.Disruption of NETs by DNase I or blockade of the IL-8-CXC chemokine receptor 2(CXCR2)axis could result in growth retardation in mouse models.We also confirmed that NETs may influence the biological behavior of GC cells by up-regulating the expression of transcription factor IB-related factor 1(BRF1)and cyclin p21/p27.展开更多
High magnetic protective fabrics with rare earth Nd doped Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles were fabricated via a grafting method.The structure,crystal form,and elemental composition of nanoparticles were investigated by tran...High magnetic protective fabrics with rare earth Nd doped Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles were fabricated via a grafting method.The structure,crystal form,and elemental composition of nanoparticles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy,energy dispersive X-ray,X-ray powder diffraction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The obtained NdFe_(2)O_(4) nanoparticles show spherical shape with fine dispersion and reasonable element composition.However,they demonstrate fine superparamagnetic properties with a magnetic saturation value of 29.25 A·m^(2)/g and low coercivity of 1.902 mT through the vibrating sample magnetometry technique,which can be well developed in magnetic shielding protective applications.Then,the cotton fabrics with plain weave were finished by a proofing rapier loom as a carrier.The NdFe_(2)O_(4) nanoparticles underwent some appropriate surface modification and then were grafted onto the cotton fabrics by a bridge agent of N,N’-dissuccinimidyl carbonate.The morphology,structure,dispersion effect,and electromagnetic protective properties of the fabrics were observed through scanning electron microscopy,Fourier infrared spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysisdifferential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC),and a vector network analyzer.The reliable fabrics with grafting reaction on the interface are expected to have potential applications in the field of electromagnetic protection and biomedicine fields.展开更多
Considering the large number of returns in online sales and the network externalities of e-platforms,we develop a decentralized model and a centralized model to explore the impacts of returns and network externalities...Considering the large number of returns in online sales and the network externalities of e-platforms,we develop a decentralized model and a centralized model to explore the impacts of returns and network externalities on e-commerce supply chain(ECSC)decisions.We show that in the decentralized model,the service level,price,market demand,and ECSC members’profits increase with the network externality strength.However,the service level and price increase,while the market demand and ECSC members’profits decrease with the product return rate.The centralized model is the optimal operating mode when it is properly coordinated.We design the“commission and return cost-sharing”contract to optimize ECSC,in which the proportion of the e-platform’s sharing of the return handling cost is exactly equal to the proportion of the system profit after coordination.Based on the decentralized model,we develop two extended models in which we endogenize the impacts of the service level and return rate on the network externality strength.Through comparisons between the extended and decentralized models,we show that high-quality service can improve ECSC’s profitability,while a high return rate hurts its economic performance.展开更多
Scalable,high-capacity,and low-power computing architecture is the primary assurance for increasingly manifold and large-scale machine learning tasks.Traditional electronic artificial agents by conventional power-hung...Scalable,high-capacity,and low-power computing architecture is the primary assurance for increasingly manifold and large-scale machine learning tasks.Traditional electronic artificial agents by conventional power-hungry processors have faced the issues of energy and scaling walls,hindering them from the sustainable performance improvement and iterative multi-task learning.Referring to another modality of light,photonic computing has been progressively applied in high-efficient neuromorphic systems.Here,we innovate a reconfigurable lifelong-learning optical neural network(L2 ONN),for highly-integrated tens-of-task machine intelligence with elaborated algorithm-hardware codesign.Benefiting from the inherent sparsity and parallelism in massive photonic connections,L2 ONN learns each single task by adaptively activating sparse photonic neuron connections in the coherent light field,while incrementally acquiring expertise on various tasks by gradually enlarging the activation.The multi-task optical features are parallelly processed by multi-spectrum representations allocated with different wavelengths.Extensive evaluations on freespace and on-chip architectures confirm that for the first time,L2 ONN avoided the catastrophic forgetting issue of photonic computing,owning versatile skills on challenging tens-of-tasks(vision classification,voice recognition,medical diagnosis,etc.)with a single model.Particularly,L2 ONN achieves more than an order of magnitude higher efficiency than the representative electronic artificial neural networks,and 14×larger capacity than existing optical neural networks while maintaining competitive performance on each individual task.The proposed photonic neuromorphic architecture points out a new form of lifelong learning scheme,permitting terminal/edge AI systems with light-speed efficiency and unprecedented scalability.展开更多
Integration of oncogenic DNA viruses into the human genome is a key step in most virusinduced carcinogenesis.Here,we constructed a virus integration site(VIS)Atlas database,an extensive collection of integration break...Integration of oncogenic DNA viruses into the human genome is a key step in most virusinduced carcinogenesis.Here,we constructed a virus integration site(VIS)Atlas database,an extensive collection of integration breakpoints for three most prevalent oncoviruses,human papillomavirus,hepatitis B virus,and Epstein-Barr virus based on the next-generation sequencing(NGS)data,literature,and experimental data.There are 63,179 breakpoints and 47,411 junctional sequences with full annotations deposited in the VIS Atlas database,comprising 47 virus genotypes and 17 disease types.The VIS Atlas database provides(1)a genome browser for NGS breakpoint quality check,visualization of VISs,and the local genomic context;(2)a novel platform to discover integration patterns;and(3)a statistics interface for a comprehensive investigation of genotypespecific integration features.Data collected in the VIS Atlas aid to provide insights into virus pathogenic mechanisms and the development of novel antitumor drugs.展开更多
Dear Editor,Identifying the host factors that are utilized for virus infection and mapping their cell-type expression profile can help to understand the viral tissue/organ tropism and pathogenesis.Much effort has been...Dear Editor,Identifying the host factors that are utilized for virus infection and mapping their cell-type expression profile can help to understand the viral tissue/organ tropism and pathogenesis.Much effort has been devoted to the identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection-dependent host factors.CRISPR-based activation(Konermann et al.,2015).展开更多
The online review function helps consumers grasp more real product information and reduce the possibility of returning, but it may also damage firms’ reputations or profits. However, few studies considered the relati...The online review function helps consumers grasp more real product information and reduce the possibility of returning, but it may also damage firms’ reputations or profits. However, few studies considered the relationship between online reviews and consumer returns. Based on this, we develop an e-commerce supply chain(E-SC) game model consisting of a single manufacturer and a single e-platform, aiming to explore the relationship between consumer returns and online reviews and to analyze the impact on both the decision-making of E-SC members and their profits. We find that there is a negative relationship between consumer returns and online reviews of product quality, and consumer returns make the pricing decisions in the two scenarios of yes/no online reviews move toward two different directions. Only when the online review is positive and higher than a certain threshold will it have a positive impact on sales and E-SC members’ profits. Finally, we design a new “commission joint returns and quality improvement costs sharing” contract to optimize the decentralized model with online reviews, and we find that the higher the accuracy of product information, the less conducive the contract applied to E-SC.展开更多
文摘Distributed photovoltaic(PV)is one of the important power sources for building a new power system with new energy as the main body.The rapid development of distributed PV has brought new challenges to the operation of distribution networks.In order to improve the absorption ability of large-scale distributed PV access to the distribution network,the AC/DC hybrid distribution network is constructed based on flexible interconnection technology,and a coordinated scheduling strategy model of hydrogen energy storage(HS)and distributed PV is established.Firstly,the mathematical model of distributed PV and HS system is established,and a comprehensive energy storage system combining seasonal hydrogen energy storage(SHS)and battery(BT)is proposed.Then,a flexible interconnected distribution network scheduling optimization model is established to minimize the total active power loss,voltage deviation and system operating cost.Finally,simulation analysis is carried out on the improved IEEE33 node,the NSGA-II algorithm is used to solve specific examples,and the optimal scheduling results of the comprehensive economy and power quality of the distribution network are obtained.Compared with the method that does not consider HS and flexible interconnection technology,the network loss and voltage deviation of this method are lower,and the total system cost can be reduced by 3.55%,which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFB1805403)Major Scientific and Technological Special Project of Guizhou Province(Grant No.20183001)+3 种基金Foundation of Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Big Data(Grant Nos.2018BDKFJJ021,2018BDKFJJ020,2017BDKFJJ015,2018BDKFJJ008)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(CUC22GZ012)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(M22002,4212019)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62172005).
文摘With the increasing use of distributed electric vehicles(EV),energy management in the Internet of vehicles(IoV)has attracted more attention,especially demand response(DR)management to achieve efficient energy management in IoV.Therefore,it is a tendency to introduce distributed energy such as renewable energy into the existing supply system.For optimizing the energy internet(EI)for IoV,in this paper,we introduce blockchain into energy internet and propose a secure EI scheme for IoV based on post-quantum blockchain,which provides the new information services and an incentive cooperation mechanism for the current energy IoV system.Firstly,based on the principles of constructing a short lattice basis and preimage sampling,a lattice signature scheme is proposed and used in blockchain for authentication,which provides anti-quantum security.Secondly,we design the EI based on the post-quantum blockchain model.Lastly,based on this model,we design a secure EI scheme for IoV based on post-quantum blockchain.Through our analysis and experiment,this new scheme can increase the efficiency of energy utilization and enrich EI’s application in IoV.In particular,we further illustrate and analyze its performance.It is shown that EI based on post-quantum blockchain is more secure and efficient in information communications and energy trading.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFB1805403)Major Scientific and Technological Special Project of Guizhou Province(Grant No.20183001)+1 种基金Foundation of Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Big Data(Grant Nos.2018BDKFJJ021,2018BDKFJJ020,2017BDKFJJ015,2018BDKFJJ008)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(CUC210A003).
文摘The car-hailing platform based on Internet of Vehicles(IoV)tech-nology greatly facilitates passengers’daily car-hailing,enabling drivers to obtain orders more efficiently and obtain more significant benefits.However,to match the driver closest to the passenger,it is often necessary to process the location information of the passenger and driver,which poses a considerable threat to privacy disclosure to the passenger and driver.Targeting these issues,in this paper,by combining blockchain and Paillier homomorphic encryption algorithm,we design a secure blockchain-enabled IoV scheme with privacy protection for online car-hailing.In this scheme,firstly,we propose an encryp-tion scheme based on the lattice.Thus,the location information of passengers and drivers is encrypted in this system.Secondly,by introducing Paillier homomorphic encryption algorithm,the location matching of passengers and drivers is carried out in the ciphertext state to protect their location privacy.At last,blockchain technology is used to record the transactions in online car-hailing,which can provide a security guarantee for passengers and drivers.And we further analyze the security and performance of this scheme.Compared with other schemes,the experimental results show that the proposed scheme can protect the user’s location privacy and have a better performance.
基金supported by Peking Union Medical College Youth Fund and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2017310049)
文摘Background: Mortality outcomes in trials of low-dose computed tomography(CT) screening for lung cancer are inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate whether CT screening in urban areas of China could reduce lung cancer mortality and to investigate the factors that associate with the screening effect.Methods: A decision tree model with three scenarios(low-dose CT screening, chest X-ray screening, and no screening) was developed to compare screening results in a simulated Chinese urban cohort(100,000 smokers aged45-80 years). Data of participant characteristics were obtained from national registries and epidemiological surveys for estimating lung cancer prevalence. The selection of other tree variables such as sensitivities and specificities of low-dose CT and chest X-ray screening were based on literature research. Differences in lung cancer mortality(primary outcome), false diagnoses, and deaths due to false diagnosis were calculated. Sensitivity analyses were performed to identify the factors that associate with the screening results and to ascertain worst and optimal screening effects considering possible ranges of the variables.Results: Among the 100,000 subjects, there were 448,541, and 591 lung cancer deaths in the low-dose CT, chest X-ray, and no screening scenarios, respectively(17.2% reduction in low-dose CT screening over chest X-ray screening and 24.2% over no screening). The costs of the two screening scenarios were 9387 and 2497 false diagnoses and 7and 2 deaths due to false diagnosis among the 100,000 persons, respectively. The factors that most influenced death reduction with low-dose CT screening over no screening were lung cancer prevalence in the screened cohort, lowdose CT sensitivity, and proportion of early-stage cancers among low-dose CT detected lung cancers. Considering all possibilities, reduction in deaths(relative numbers) with low-dose CT screening in the worst and optimal cases were16(5.4%) and 288(40.2%) over no screening, respectively.Conclusions: In terms of mortality outcomes, our findings favor conducting low-dose CT screening in urban China.However, approaches to reducing false diagnoses and optimizing important screening conditions such as enrollment criteria for screening are highly needed.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Commission No.7162038)the Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals’Youth Program(Commission No.QML20161101)
文摘Objective： Although superior clinical benefits of epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） tyrosine kinase inhibitors （TKIs） in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC） had been reported, the survival difference between exon 19 deletion （Dell9） and exon 21 Leu858Arg substitution （L858R） remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in progression-free survival （PFS） and overall survival （OS） between different EGFR mutant subtypes among advanced NSCLC patients receiving gefitinib. Methods： There were 204 advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations treated with gefitinib were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into the EGFR Dell9 group and the L858R mutated group according to their mutant subtype. Propensity score matching （PSM） was conducted by using a nearest-neighbor algorithm （1：1） to adjust for demographical and clinical covariates. Survival curves were constructed with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by using the log-rank test. Results： The PFS in Dell9 group was similar to that in the L858R group [before PSM 8.6 vs. 7.2 months, P=0.072; after PSM 7.3 vs. 7.2 months, P=0.155]. No differences were detected in OS between the L858R and the Dell9 group （before PSM 17.8 vs. 13.1 months, P=0.253; after PSM 16.9 vs. 13.1 months, P=0.339）. The Dell9 group was significantly younger compared with the L858R mutation group in age （P=0.015）. Conclusions： No significant difference was found in the PFS or OS between the Dell9 and L858R mutant NSCLC patients receiving gefitinib. The age gap might contribute to the survival differences between Dell9 and L858R groups. PSM is of important value to the elimination of potential bias.
文摘Background： To determine the safety and therapeutic efficacy of nimotuzumab （h-R3） combined with docetaxel in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC） patients who have failed to respond to prior first-line chemotherapy. Methods： In this single-center, open-label, dose-escalating phase I trial, patients with epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）-expressing stage IV NSCLC were treated with nimotuzumab plus doeetaxel according to a dose escalation schedule. The safety and efficacy of the combination treatment were observed and analyzed.Results： There were 12 patients with EGFR-expressing stage IV NSCLC enrolled. The dose of nimotuzumab was escalated from 200 to 600 mg/week. The longest administration of study drug was 40 weeks at the 600 mg/week dose level. Grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ toxicities included neutropenia and fatigue, and other toxicities included rash. Dose-limiting toxicity occurred with Grade 3 fatigue at the 200 mg dose level of nimotuzumab and Grade 4 neutropenia with pneumonia at the 600 mg dose level of nimotuzumab. No objective responses were observed, and stable disease was observed in eight patients （66.7%）. The median progression-free survival （PFS） was 4.4 months in all patients, 1.3 months in patients with the EGFR mutation, and 4.4 months in those with wild type EGFR （EGFR WT）. The median survival time （MST） was 21.1 months in all patients, 21.1 months in patients with EGFR mutation, and 26.4 months in patients with EGFR WT. Conclusions： Nimotuzumab and docetaxel combination therapy was found to be well tolerated and efficacious. Further study of nimotuzumab is warranted in advanced NSCLC patients.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Sciences Foundation Distinguished Young Scholars(81025012)National Natural Sciences Foundation General Program (81172235)+2 种基金the Capital Development Foundation(2007-1023)Beijing Health Systems Academic Leader(2011-2-22)Science and Technology Project of Beijing(Z090507017709015)
文摘Objective： To investigate PIK3CA mutation in Chinese patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma （LSCC） and explore their relationship with clinicopathological profiles. Methods： Tumor samples from 123 cases of LSCC were included in this study. PIK3CA mutations in exon 9 and 20 were screened by pyrosequencing and confirmed by clone sequencing or amplification refractory mutation system （ARMS）. Denaturing performance liquid chromatography （DHPLC） was employed for evaluation of EGFR mutation in exon 19, 21 and KRAS mutation. Results： PIK3CA mutations were found in 3 （2.4%） patients. The mutation type included E545K, E452Q and H1047R. Of these three patients, one coupled with EGFR mutation, and the other two coupled with PIK3CA amplification. All the three patients shared the same clinicopathologic characteristics： male, less than 60 years old, had smoke history, stage III and carried wild-type KRAS. Conclusions： The frequency of PIK3CA mutation is low in Chinese patients with LSCC. The mutational status of PIK3CA is not mutually exclusive to EGFR mutation.
文摘By a pot experiment, two kinds of crop stubble (wheat, soybean) were added into continuous cropping soil of cucumber according to different quantity (0.5%, 1% and 2%), the effects of different kinds of stubble and quantity on the continuous cropping soil and growth of cucumber were investigated. The results showed that two kinds of crop stubble significantly decreased soil bulk density, and increased total porosity of soil. Each of all treatments significantly decreased the accumulation of salinity in soil within the entire growth period of cucumber. 2% wheat stubble treatment had the biggest drop in soil EC in the later period of cucumber growth. Soybean stubble treatment had the lesser effect on soil EC. Wheat and soybean stubble promoted the growth of cucumber, increased the yield of cucumber, and improved the quality of cucumber. 2% of wheat stubble treatment had a biggest increase in cucumber yield, which increased the yield by 34.23% compared with the control.
基金the Doctoral Fund Project of Binzhou Vocational College in 2020(2020yjkt02)Modern Agronomic Skill Master Studio of Binzhou and Circular Agriculture Master Studio of Binzhou Vocational College.
文摘This paper introduced the advantages of planting sprout vegetables in family rooms,expounded assembly principle of indoor cultivating device and the key techniques for indoor cultivating sprout vegetables in families.In the experiment,we assembled a set of indoor cultivating device for sprout vegetables,and summarized the indoor cultivating techniques of sprout vegetables in families.The indoor planting device was suitable for family members to cultivate sprout vegetables in the living rooms,kitchen,balcony and other corner space by using their spare time.It could not only provide high-quality vegetables for families,but also beautify the indoor environments of family rooms,and increase the oxygen content in rooms.This set of indoor cultivating device and techniques was suitable for planting various sprout vegetables(e.g.radish seedling,water spinach seedling,pea seedling,pine willow seedling,sunflower seedling and various bean seedlings,etc.).This is a set of high-efficient spatial planting technique in families,and also an effective way to increase organic vegetable supply for family.
文摘The study mainly discusses the issues of the settlement of differences that occurs in the process of highway subgrade widening. Firstly, it briefly introduces the settlement of difference and its harms;then it analyzes the mechanism of settlement of differences in the process of difference widening, including four aspects: the new and old roadbeds themselves, design, construction and other links;finally, based on the above analysis of the mechanism, it discusses the corresponding control measures, mainly proposing these suggestions as followings: the use of lightweight materials, the foundation treatment, the cut slope excavation steps, and the strict control of the degree of compaction, etc. The paper is expected to provide some theoretical basis for the control measures of highway subgrade widening settlement of difference.
基金supported by grants from The Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,China(No.1908085QH333)the Key Research and Development Project of Anhui Province,China(No.202004j07020044)+1 种基金the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Provincial University(China)(No.KJ2018ZD019)Foundation of Beijing Life Oasis Public Service Center(China)(No.cphcf-2022-021).
文摘Neutrophils constitute a significant portion of the immune cells present within the tumor microenvironment.Evidence generated by our group has confirmed neutrophils to be an adverse independent prognostic factor affecting the disease-free survival of gastric carcinoma(GC)patients.1 Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs),protein-covered DNA webs that interact with tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment,were detected in GC tissues and found to clinically associated with disease progression in our previous study.2 NETosis could be mediated by a series of agonists,such as interleukin 8(IL-8).3 However,the mechanism of IL-8 in the progression of GC occurs via NETs remains unclear.In this study,we identified that IL-8-mediated NETosis can promote the proliferation,migration,and invasion of GC cells in vitro,which can be abrogated by NET degradation through deoxyribonucleaseI(DNase I)or IL-8 suppression through neutralizing antibodies.Disruption of NETs by DNase I or blockade of the IL-8-CXC chemokine receptor 2(CXCR2)axis could result in growth retardation in mouse models.We also confirmed that NETs may influence the biological behavior of GC cells by up-regulating the expression of transcription factor IB-related factor 1(BRF1)and cyclin p21/p27.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2020J01849)Major Science and Technology Project of Fuzhou(2021ZD298)+1 种基金Science and Technology Projects of Fujian Province(2021H0037)Research Project of the Fashu Foundation(MFK23004)。
文摘High magnetic protective fabrics with rare earth Nd doped Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles were fabricated via a grafting method.The structure,crystal form,and elemental composition of nanoparticles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy,energy dispersive X-ray,X-ray powder diffraction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The obtained NdFe_(2)O_(4) nanoparticles show spherical shape with fine dispersion and reasonable element composition.However,they demonstrate fine superparamagnetic properties with a magnetic saturation value of 29.25 A·m^(2)/g and low coercivity of 1.902 mT through the vibrating sample magnetometry technique,which can be well developed in magnetic shielding protective applications.Then,the cotton fabrics with plain weave were finished by a proofing rapier loom as a carrier.The NdFe_(2)O_(4) nanoparticles underwent some appropriate surface modification and then were grafted onto the cotton fabrics by a bridge agent of N,N’-dissuccinimidyl carbonate.The morphology,structure,dispersion effect,and electromagnetic protective properties of the fabrics were observed through scanning electron microscopy,Fourier infrared spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysisdifferential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC),and a vector network analyzer.The reliable fabrics with grafting reaction on the interface are expected to have potential applications in the field of electromagnetic protection and biomedicine fields.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant No. 72371144Self Cultivation Innovation Team Project of Jinan under Grant No. 202228075Shandong Taishan Scholar Project Special Project under Grant No. tsqn202211197.
文摘Considering the large number of returns in online sales and the network externalities of e-platforms,we develop a decentralized model and a centralized model to explore the impacts of returns and network externalities on e-commerce supply chain(ECSC)decisions.We show that in the decentralized model,the service level,price,market demand,and ECSC members’profits increase with the network externality strength.However,the service level and price increase,while the market demand and ECSC members’profits decrease with the product return rate.The centralized model is the optimal operating mode when it is properly coordinated.We design the“commission and return cost-sharing”contract to optimize ECSC,in which the proportion of the e-platform’s sharing of the return handling cost is exactly equal to the proportion of the system profit after coordination.Based on the decentralized model,we develop two extended models in which we endogenize the impacts of the service level and return rate on the network externality strength.Through comparisons between the extended and decentralized models,we show that high-quality service can improve ECSC’s profitability,while a high return rate hurts its economic performance.
基金supported in part by Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under contracts No.62205176,62125106,61860206003,62088102 and 62271283in part by Ministry of Science and Technology of China under contract No.2021ZD0109901in part by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under contract No.2022M721889.
文摘Scalable,high-capacity,and low-power computing architecture is the primary assurance for increasingly manifold and large-scale machine learning tasks.Traditional electronic artificial agents by conventional power-hungry processors have faced the issues of energy and scaling walls,hindering them from the sustainable performance improvement and iterative multi-task learning.Referring to another modality of light,photonic computing has been progressively applied in high-efficient neuromorphic systems.Here,we innovate a reconfigurable lifelong-learning optical neural network(L2 ONN),for highly-integrated tens-of-task machine intelligence with elaborated algorithm-hardware codesign.Benefiting from the inherent sparsity and parallelism in massive photonic connections,L2 ONN learns each single task by adaptively activating sparse photonic neuron connections in the coherent light field,while incrementally acquiring expertise on various tasks by gradually enlarging the activation.The multi-task optical features are parallelly processed by multi-spectrum representations allocated with different wavelengths.Extensive evaluations on freespace and on-chip architectures confirm that for the first time,L2 ONN avoided the catastrophic forgetting issue of photonic computing,owning versatile skills on challenging tens-of-tasks(vision classification,voice recognition,medical diagnosis,etc.)with a single model.Particularly,L2 ONN achieves more than an order of magnitude higher efficiency than the representative electronic artificial neural networks,and 14×larger capacity than existing optical neural networks while maintaining competitive performance on each individual task.The proposed photonic neuromorphic architecture points out a new form of lifelong learning scheme,permitting terminal/edge AI systems with light-speed efficiency and unprecedented scalability.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2018ZX10301402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81761148025)+6 种基金the Major Projects of Guangzhou Science and Technology Bureau,China(Grant No.201704020093)the National Ten Thousands Plan for Young Top Talents,Young Pearl River Scholar,International Cooperation and Exchange Projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(China&Russian)(Grant No.17-54-80078)the Major Projects of Wuhan Municipal Health Commission of China(Grant No.WX19M02)the Major Projects of Hubei Provincial Health Commission of China(Grant No.WJ2019H312)the Dongguan Social Development Key Project of China(Grant No.202050715007221)the Regional Joint Fund Project of Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of China(Regional Cultivation Project,Grant No.2021B1515140063)the Dongguan Social Development Key Project of China(Grant No.20221800905772).
文摘Integration of oncogenic DNA viruses into the human genome is a key step in most virusinduced carcinogenesis.Here,we constructed a virus integration site(VIS)Atlas database,an extensive collection of integration breakpoints for three most prevalent oncoviruses,human papillomavirus,hepatitis B virus,and Epstein-Barr virus based on the next-generation sequencing(NGS)data,literature,and experimental data.There are 63,179 breakpoints and 47,411 junctional sequences with full annotations deposited in the VIS Atlas database,comprising 47 virus genotypes and 17 disease types.The VIS Atlas database provides(1)a genome browser for NGS breakpoint quality check,visualization of VISs,and the local genomic context;(2)a novel platform to discover integration patterns;and(3)a statistics interface for a comprehensive investigation of genotypespecific integration features.Data collected in the VIS Atlas aid to provide insights into virus pathogenic mechanisms and the development of novel antitumor drugs.
文摘Dear Editor,Identifying the host factors that are utilized for virus infection and mapping their cell-type expression profile can help to understand the viral tissue/organ tropism and pathogenesis.Much effort has been devoted to the identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection-dependent host factors.CRISPR-based activation(Konermann et al.,2015).
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71971129)the Science and Technology Support Program for Youth Innovation of Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province (2019RWG017)+1 种基金Self Cultivation Innovation Team Project of Jinan (202228075)Shandong Taishan Scholar Project Special Project (tsqn202211197)。
文摘The online review function helps consumers grasp more real product information and reduce the possibility of returning, but it may also damage firms’ reputations or profits. However, few studies considered the relationship between online reviews and consumer returns. Based on this, we develop an e-commerce supply chain(E-SC) game model consisting of a single manufacturer and a single e-platform, aiming to explore the relationship between consumer returns and online reviews and to analyze the impact on both the decision-making of E-SC members and their profits. We find that there is a negative relationship between consumer returns and online reviews of product quality, and consumer returns make the pricing decisions in the two scenarios of yes/no online reviews move toward two different directions. Only when the online review is positive and higher than a certain threshold will it have a positive impact on sales and E-SC members’ profits. Finally, we design a new “commission joint returns and quality improvement costs sharing” contract to optimize the decentralized model with online reviews, and we find that the higher the accuracy of product information, the less conducive the contract applied to E-SC.
