The development of flame retardant or nonflammable electrolytes is the key to improve the safety of lithium batteries,owing to inflammable organic solvents and polymer matrix in common liquid and polymer electrolytes ...The development of flame retardant or nonflammable electrolytes is the key to improve the safety of lithium batteries,owing to inflammable organic solvents and polymer matrix in common liquid and polymer electrolytes regarded as the main cause of battery fire.Herein,a series of solid-state polyphosphate oligomers(SPPO)as a three-in-one electrolyte that integrated the roles of lithium salt,dissociation matrix,and flame retardant were synthesized.The well-designed SPPO electrolytes showed an optimal ionic conductivity of 5.5×10^(-4)S cm-1at 30℃,an acceptable electrochemical window up to 4.0 V vs.Li/Li+,and lithium ion transference number of 0.547.Stable Li-ion stripping/plating behavior for 500 h of charge-discharge cycles without internal short-circuit in a Li|SPPO|Li cell was confirmed,together with outstanding interface compatibility between the SPPO electrolyte and lithium foil.The optimal Li|SPPO|LiFePO4cell presented good reversible discharge capacity of 149.4 mA h g-1at 0.1 C and Coulombic efficiency of 96.4%after 120 cycles.More importantly,the prepared SPPO cannot be ignited by the lighter fire and show a limited-oxygen-index value as high as 35.5%,indicating splendid nonflammable nature.The SPPO could be a promising candidate as a three-in-one solid-state electrolyte for the improved safety of rechargeable lithium batteries.展开更多
An atmospheric-pressure air plasma is employed to treat C6 glioma cells in vitro. To elucidate on the mechanism causing cell death and role of reactive species （RS） in the medium produced by the plasma, the concentr...An atmospheric-pressure air plasma is employed to treat C6 glioma cells in vitro. To elucidate on the mechanism causing cell death and role of reactive species （RS） in the medium produced by the plasma, the concentration of the long-lived RS such as hydrogen peroxide, nitrate, and ozone in the plasma-treated liquid （phosphate-buffered saline solution） is measured. When vitamin C is added to the medium as a ROS quencher, the viability of C6 glioma cells after the plasma treatment is different from that without vitamin C. The results demonstrate that reactive oxygen species （ROS） such as H2O2, and O3 constitute the main factors for inactivation of C6 glioma cells and the reactive nitrogen species （RNS） may only play an auxiliary role in cell death.展开更多
By reusing the spectrum of a cellular network, device-to-device(D2D) communications is known to greatly improve the spectral efficiency bypassing the base station(BS) of the cellular network. Antenna selection is the ...By reusing the spectrum of a cellular network, device-to-device(D2D) communications is known to greatly improve the spectral efficiency bypassing the base station(BS) of the cellular network. Antenna selection is the most cost efficient scheme for interference management, which is crucial to D2D systems. This paper investigates the achievable rate performance of the D2D communication underlaying the cellular network where a multiple-antenna base station with antenna selection scheme is deployed. We derive an exact closed-form expression of the ergodic achievable rate. Also, using Jensen's inequality, two pairs of upper and lower bounds of the rate are derived and we validate the tightness of the two sets of bounds. Based on the bounds obtained, we analyze the ergodic achievable rate in noise-limited scenario, interference-limited high SNR scenario and larger-scale antenna systems. Our analysis shows that the presence of D2D users could be counter-productive if the SNR at cellular UE is high. Further analysis shows that the relationship between the ergodic rate and the number of antennas it positive, but keeps decreasing as the antenna number increasing. These show the inefficiency of antenna selection in D2D interference management.展开更多
A consensus-based distributed control method of coordinated VSGs with communication time delays in isolate microgrid is proposed. When time delays are considered in communication, there are some effects on frequency r...A consensus-based distributed control method of coordinated VSGs with communication time delays in isolate microgrid is proposed. When time delays are considered in communication, there are some effects on frequency restoration and active power output allocation. In the control structure, only local information exchange is needed, while the final frequency can be controlled to the nominal value and the VSGs can automatically share loads according to their rated values. An AC microgrid with three VSGs and some loads is implemented. The proposed control strategy is verified by MATLAB/ Simulink simulation results.展开更多
A vacuum membrane distillation(VMD)process with permeate fractional condensation on membrane downstream has been developed for simultaneous recovery of phosphorus and nitrogen from liquid digestate.The polytetrafluoro...A vacuum membrane distillation(VMD)process with permeate fractional condensation on membrane downstream has been developed for simultaneous recovery of phosphorus and nitrogen from liquid digestate.The polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)membrane flux could reach 6000 g·m-2·h-1 with the rejection efficiency of total phosphorus(TP)over 0.99,under the condition of flowrate being 120 L·h-1 and temperature being 40°C.Membrane fouling occurred with a film of organics and microorganism deposited on the surface of the membrane.Membrane flux could be reversed after the membrane was rinsed by water.Higher feed temperature and flowrate could improve the membrane flux,while hardly affect the rejection efficiency of total phosphorus.The concentration of TP could reach 1600 mg·L-1 after membrane distillation,which is about 5 times of that in initial liquid digestate.On the downstream of the membrane,some of the permeate vapor was condensed under the vacuum condition and most of water was collected here.The remaining vapor enriched with total nitrogen(TN)was compressed and pumped to the atmospheric condition to condense.The TN concentration in atmospheric condensate was as high as 7000 mg·L-1 with the process separation factor for ammonia being enhanced to 114.展开更多
Monocarpic senescence,characterized by whole-plant senescence following a single flowering phase,is widespread in seed plants,particularly in crops,determining seed harvest time and quality.However,how external and in...Monocarpic senescence,characterized by whole-plant senescence following a single flowering phase,is widespread in seed plants,particularly in crops,determining seed harvest time and quality.However,how external and internal signals are systemically integrated into monocarpic senescence remains largely unknown.Here,we report that the Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor WRKY1 plays essential roles in multiple key steps of monocarpic senescence.WRKY1 expression is induced by age,salicylic acid(SA),and nitrogen(N)deficiency.Flowering and leaf senescence are accelerated in the WRKY1 overexpression lines but are delayed in the wrky1 mutants.The combined DNA affinity purification sequencing and RNA sequencing analyses uncover the direct target genes of WRKY1.Further studies show that WRKY1 coordinately regulates three processes in monocarpic senescence:(1)suppressing FLOWERING LOCUS C gene expression to initiate flowering,(2)inducing SA biosynthesis genes to promote leaf senescence,and(3)activating the N assimilation and transport genes to trigger N remobilization.In summary,our study reveals how one stress-responsive transcription factor,WRKY1,integrates flowering,leaf senescence,and N remobilization processes into monocarpic senescence,providing important insights into plant lifetime regulation.展开更多
Global warming is causing the Tibetan permafrost to degrade, as evidenced by rising ground temperatures, thicker active layer thickness, thinner permafrost layer, and melting underground ice, etc.(Ran et al., 2018;Wan...Global warming is causing the Tibetan permafrost to degrade, as evidenced by rising ground temperatures, thicker active layer thickness, thinner permafrost layer, and melting underground ice, etc.(Ran et al., 2018;Wang et al., 2020).The degradation of permafrost not only profoundly alters the carbon cycling processes in high-altitude ecosystems,thereby influencing the regional climate system, but also affects landscape hydrological connectivity。展开更多
Due to the benefits of the high sensitivity,real-time response,no labeling requirement,and good selectivity,fiber optic sensors based on surface plasmon resonance(SPR)have gained popularity in biochemical sensing in r...Due to the benefits of the high sensitivity,real-time response,no labeling requirement,and good selectivity,fiber optic sensors based on surface plasmon resonance(SPR)have gained popularity in biochemical sensing in recent years.The current research on such sensors is hot in enhancing sensitivity,improving detection accuracy,and achieving the detection of biochemical molecules.The goal of this work is to present a thorough overview of recent developments in the optical fiber SPR biosensor research.Firstly,it explores the basic principles and sensing structures of optical fiber SPR biosensors,focusing on four aspects.Subsequently,this paper introduces three fiber optic surface plasmon biosensors:SPR,localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR),and long-range surface plasmon resonance(LRSPR).Each concept is explained from the perspective of the basic principles of fiber optic SPR biosensors.Furthermore,a classification of fiber optic SPR biosensors in health monitoring,food safety,environmental monitoring,marine detection,and other applications is introduced and analyzed.Eventually,this paper summarizes the current research directions of SPR biosensors.Meanwhile,it provides a prospective outlook on how fiber optic SPR sensors will develop in the future.展开更多
Copy number variation(CNV)refers to the number of copies of a specific sequence in a genome and is a type of chromatin structural variation.The development of the Hi-C technique has empowered research on the spatial s...Copy number variation(CNV)refers to the number of copies of a specific sequence in a genome and is a type of chromatin structural variation.The development of the Hi-C technique has empowered research on the spatial structure of chromatins by capturing interactions between DNA fragments.We utilized machine-learning methods including the linear transformation model and graph convolutional network(GCN)to detect CNV events from Hi-C data and reveal how CNV is related to three-dimensional interactions between genomic fragments in terms of the one-dimensional read count signal and features of the chromatin structure.The experimental results demonstrated a specific linear relation between the Hi-C read count and CNV for each chromosome that can be well qualified by the linear transformation model.In addition,the GCN-based model could accurately extract features of the spatial structure from Hi-C data and infer the corresponding CNV across different chromosomes in a cancer cell line.We performed a series of experiments including dimension reduction,transfer learning,and Hi-C data perturbation to comprehensively evaluate the utility and robustness of the GCN-based model.This work can provide a benchmark for using machine learning to infer CNV from Hi-C data and serves as a necessary foundation for deeper understanding of the relationship between Hi-C data and CNV.展开更多
Glaucoma,the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide,is closely linked to aqueous overaccumulation and elevated intraocular pressure(IOP).For refractory glaucoma,aqueous shunts with valves are commonly impla...Glaucoma,the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide,is closely linked to aqueous overaccumulation and elevated intraocular pressure(IOP).For refractory glaucoma,aqueous shunts with valves are commonly implanted for effective aqueous drainage control and IOP stabilization.However,existing valved glaucoma implants have the disadvantages of inconsistent valve opening/closing pressures,poor long-term repeatability due to their reliance on moving parts,and complex architectures and fabrication processes.Here,we propose a novel valving concept,the droplet Laplace valve(DLV),a three-dimensional printable moving-parts-free microvalve with customizable and consistent threshold valving pressures.The DLV uses a flow discretization unit governed by capillarity,comprising a droplet-forming nozzle,and a separated reservoir to digitize continuous flow into quantifiable droplets.Unlike the classic one-time-use Laplace valves,the DLV's unique design allows for its reusability.The opening pressure is adjustable by varying the nozzle size,like the classic Laplace valves(following the Young–Laplace equation),while the closing pressure can be modified by tuning the separation distance and the reservoir size.Various DLVs with customizable opening pressures from 5 to 11 mmHg have been demonstrated,with opening/closing pressure differences suppressed down to<0.5 mmHg(<0.15 mmHg under the best conditions).Thanks to its moving-parts-free nature and digitized flow properties,the DLV shows a highly repeatable valving performance(<1.7%,1000 cycles)and a predictable linear flow rate–pressure correlation(R^(2)>0.99).Preliminary ex vivo validation in an enucleated porcine eye confirms the DLV's efficiency in aqueous shunting and prompt IOP stabilization.The DLV technology holds great promise in glaucoma implants for IOP management and various microsystems for flow control.展开更多
Accurate and efficient prediction of polymer properties is of great significance in polymer design.Conventionally,expensive and time-consuming experiments or simulations are required to evaluate polymer functions.Rece...Accurate and efficient prediction of polymer properties is of great significance in polymer design.Conventionally,expensive and time-consuming experiments or simulations are required to evaluate polymer functions.Recently,Transformer models,equipped with self-attention mechanisms,have exhibited superior performance in natural language processing.However,such methods have not been investigated in polymer sciences.Herein,we report TransPolymer,a Transformer-based language model for polymer property prediction.Our proposed polymer tokenizer with chemical awareness enables learning representations from polymer sequences.Rigorous experiments on ten polymer property prediction benchmarks demonstrate the superior performance of TransPolymer.Moreover,we show that TransPolymer benefits from pretraining on large unlabeled dataset via Masked Language Modeling.Experimental results further manifest the important role of self-attention in modeling polymer sequences.We highlight this model as a promising computational tool for promoting rational polymer design and understanding structure-property relationships from a data science view.展开更多
Plasmon-generated hot electrons show great potential for driving chemical reactions.The utilization efficiency of hot electrons is highly dependent on the interaction of the electronic states at the interfaces between...Plasmon-generated hot electrons show great potential for driving chemical reactions.The utilization efficiency of hot electrons is highly dependent on the interaction of the electronic states at the interfaces between plasmonic nanoparticles and other materials/molecules.Strong interaction can produce new hybridized electron states,which permit direct hot-electron transfer,a more efficient transfer mechanism.However,Au usually has very weak interaction with most molecules because of its inertness,which makes direct hot-electron transfer impossible.Herein,the improvement of the hot-electron transfer efficiency from Au to N_(2)is demonstrated by introducing a Ru bridging layer.Both the N_(2)fixation rate and Faradic efficiency(FE)are enhanced by the excitation of plasmons.The enhancement of the N_(2)fixation rate is found to arise from plasmon-generated hot electrons.Theoretical calculations show that the strong interaction of the Ru electronic states with the N_(2)molecular orbitals produces new hybridized electronic states,and the Ru d electrons also strongly couple with the Au sp electrons.Such a bridging role of Ru makes direct hot-electron transfer from Au to N_(2)possible,improving the FE of nitrogen fixation.Our findings demonstrate a new approach to increasing the utilization efficiency of plasmonic hot electrons for chemical reactions and will be helpful to the design of plasmonic catalysts in the future.展开更多
Many paramyxoviruses are responsible for a variety of mild to severe human and animal diseases.Based on the novel discoveries over the past several decades,the family Paramyxoviridae infecting various hosts across the...Many paramyxoviruses are responsible for a variety of mild to severe human and animal diseases.Based on the novel discoveries over the past several decades,the family Paramyxoviridae infecting various hosts across the world includes 4 subfamilies,17 classified genera and 78 species now.However,no systematic surveys of bat paramyxoviruses are available from the Chinese mainland.In this study,13,064 samples from 54 bat species were collected and a comprehensive paramyxovirus survey was conducted.We obtained 94 new genome sequences distributed across paramyxoviruses from 22 bat species in seven provinces.Bayesian phylodynamic and phylogenetic analyses showed that there were four different lineages in the Jeilongvirus genus.Based on available data,results of host and region switches showed that the bat colony was partial to interior,whereas the rodent colony was exported,and the felines and hedgehogs were most likely the intermediate hosts from Scotophilus spp.rather than rodents.Based on the evolutionary trend,genus Jeilongvirus may have originated from Mus spp.in Australia,then transmitted to bats and rodents in Africa,Asia and Europe,and finally to bats and rodents in America.展开更多
Hutong neighbourhoods,composed of Chinese courtyard dwellings(Siheyuan),are historically and socially significant urban spaces that embody the traditional Chinese way of life and philosophy.As part of the national her...Hutong neighbourhoods,composed of Chinese courtyard dwellings(Siheyuan),are historically and socially significant urban spaces that embody the traditional Chinese way of life and philosophy.As part of the national heritage,there is an increasing research interest in Hutong neighbourhoods,many of which are facing oblivion.This study presents a formal grammar for Hutong neighbourhood generation.This research investigates traditional principles of urban planning of ancient Beijing,based on examples on the historical map Qianlong Jingcheng Quantu,to derive the lost design rules.These rules are used to build up a procedural modelling framework,which reveals the development of Beijing’s urban structure from the Yuan(1271–1368)to the Qing(1644–1911)dynasty.Our findings present a grammar incorporated into the procedural modelling framework to parametrically generate Hutong neighbourhoods,which replicates the morphological characteristics of historic cases.It contributes to the understanding of the generation of Hutong neighbourhoods.In support of heritage sustainability,this grammar can be implemented in a computational environment by visual scripting that enables the generation of new instances of Hutong neighbourhoods,both real and virtual.展开更多
A derivative of fluorescein,fluorescein O,O-diacrylate(FODA),was utilized in a triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion(TTA-UC)system to develop a composite ratiometric chemosensor capable of detecting cysteine(Cys)....A derivative of fluorescein,fluorescein O,O-diacrylate(FODA),was utilized in a triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion(TTA-UC)system to develop a composite ratiometric chemosensor capable of detecting cysteine(Cys).FODA acted as both the probe for Cys and the energy acceptor for upconversion(UC)emission,thereby making UC a responsive signal to Cys.In addition,the phosphorescence signal of the sensitizer in the TTA-UC system remained constant and did not respond to Cys,making it an ideal internal reference signal for constructing a ratiometric sensor.Through this simple strategy,traditional fluorescent probes can be combined with TTA-UC system to establish a ratiometric sensing platform,which can be applied in more scenarios due to the longer wavelength excitation.展开更多
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21961044,22169024)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202105AC160072,202101BC070001-019,202101AT070280,202102AB080017)the Yunnan University’s Research Innovation Fund for graduate students(2021Y394)。
文摘The development of flame retardant or nonflammable electrolytes is the key to improve the safety of lithium batteries,owing to inflammable organic solvents and polymer matrix in common liquid and polymer electrolytes regarded as the main cause of battery fire.Herein,a series of solid-state polyphosphate oligomers(SPPO)as a three-in-one electrolyte that integrated the roles of lithium salt,dissociation matrix,and flame retardant were synthesized.The well-designed SPPO electrolytes showed an optimal ionic conductivity of 5.5×10^(-4)S cm-1at 30℃,an acceptable electrochemical window up to 4.0 V vs.Li/Li+,and lithium ion transference number of 0.547.Stable Li-ion stripping/plating behavior for 500 h of charge-discharge cycles without internal short-circuit in a Li|SPPO|Li cell was confirmed,together with outstanding interface compatibility between the SPPO electrolyte and lithium foil.The optimal Li|SPPO|LiFePO4cell presented good reversible discharge capacity of 149.4 mA h g-1at 0.1 C and Coulombic efficiency of 96.4%after 120 cycles.More importantly,the prepared SPPO cannot be ignited by the lighter fire and show a limited-oxygen-index value as high as 35.5%,indicating splendid nonflammable nature.The SPPO could be a promising candidate as a three-in-one solid-state electrolyte for the improved safety of rechargeable lithium batteries.
基金jointly supported by the Education and Research Foundation of Anhui Province(KJ2015A327)Science Foundation of Institute of Plasma Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences No.DSJJ-14-YY02Hong Kong Research Grants Council(RGC)General Research Funds(GRF)No.CityU 11301215
文摘An atmospheric-pressure air plasma is employed to treat C6 glioma cells in vitro. To elucidate on the mechanism causing cell death and role of reactive species （RS） in the medium produced by the plasma, the concentration of the long-lived RS such as hydrogen peroxide, nitrate, and ozone in the plasma-treated liquid （phosphate-buffered saline solution） is measured. When vitamin C is added to the medium as a ROS quencher, the viability of C6 glioma cells after the plasma treatment is different from that without vitamin C. The results demonstrate that reactive oxygen species （ROS） such as H2O2, and O3 constitute the main factors for inactivation of C6 glioma cells and the reactive nitrogen species （RNS） may only play an auxiliary role in cell death.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (61671080)
文摘By reusing the spectrum of a cellular network, device-to-device(D2D) communications is known to greatly improve the spectral efficiency bypassing the base station(BS) of the cellular network. Antenna selection is the most cost efficient scheme for interference management, which is crucial to D2D systems. This paper investigates the achievable rate performance of the D2D communication underlaying the cellular network where a multiple-antenna base station with antenna selection scheme is deployed. We derive an exact closed-form expression of the ergodic achievable rate. Also, using Jensen's inequality, two pairs of upper and lower bounds of the rate are derived and we validate the tightness of the two sets of bounds. Based on the bounds obtained, we analyze the ergodic achievable rate in noise-limited scenario, interference-limited high SNR scenario and larger-scale antenna systems. Our analysis shows that the presence of D2D users could be counter-productive if the SNR at cellular UE is high. Further analysis shows that the relationship between the ergodic rate and the number of antennas it positive, but keeps decreasing as the antenna number increasing. These show the inefficiency of antenna selection in D2D interference management.
文摘A consensus-based distributed control method of coordinated VSGs with communication time delays in isolate microgrid is proposed. When time delays are considered in communication, there are some effects on frequency restoration and active power output allocation. In the control structure, only local information exchange is needed, while the final frequency can be controlled to the nominal value and the VSGs can automatically share loads according to their rated values. An AC microgrid with three VSGs and some loads is implemented. The proposed control strategy is verified by MATLAB/ Simulink simulation results.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.20822041B4013)Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,China(No.18H0491)。
文摘A vacuum membrane distillation(VMD)process with permeate fractional condensation on membrane downstream has been developed for simultaneous recovery of phosphorus and nitrogen from liquid digestate.The polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)membrane flux could reach 6000 g·m-2·h-1 with the rejection efficiency of total phosphorus(TP)over 0.99,under the condition of flowrate being 120 L·h-1 and temperature being 40°C.Membrane fouling occurred with a film of organics and microorganism deposited on the surface of the membrane.Membrane flux could be reversed after the membrane was rinsed by water.Higher feed temperature and flowrate could improve the membrane flux,while hardly affect the rejection efficiency of total phosphorus.The concentration of TP could reach 1600 mg·L-1 after membrane distillation,which is about 5 times of that in initial liquid digestate.On the downstream of the membrane,some of the permeate vapor was condensed under the vacuum condition and most of water was collected here.The remaining vapor enriched with total nitrogen(TN)was compressed and pumped to the atmospheric condition to condense.The TN concentration in atmospheric condensate was as high as 7000 mg·L-1 with the process separation factor for ammonia being enhanced to 114.
基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(grant LZ23C020001 to K.Z.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant 31670277 to K.Z.).
文摘Monocarpic senescence,characterized by whole-plant senescence following a single flowering phase,is widespread in seed plants,particularly in crops,determining seed harvest time and quality.However,how external and internal signals are systemically integrated into monocarpic senescence remains largely unknown.Here,we report that the Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor WRKY1 plays essential roles in multiple key steps of monocarpic senescence.WRKY1 expression is induced by age,salicylic acid(SA),and nitrogen(N)deficiency.Flowering and leaf senescence are accelerated in the WRKY1 overexpression lines but are delayed in the wrky1 mutants.The combined DNA affinity purification sequencing and RNA sequencing analyses uncover the direct target genes of WRKY1.Further studies show that WRKY1 coordinately regulates three processes in monocarpic senescence:(1)suppressing FLOWERING LOCUS C gene expression to initiate flowering,(2)inducing SA biosynthesis genes to promote leaf senescence,and(3)activating the N assimilation and transport genes to trigger N remobilization.In summary,our study reveals how one stress-responsive transcription factor,WRKY1,integrates flowering,leaf senescence,and N remobilization processes into monocarpic senescence,providing important insights into plant lifetime regulation.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (Grant No. 2022QZKK0101)the West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. xbzg-zdsys-202202)the Science and Technology Major Project of Xizang Autonomous Region of China (XZ202201ZD0005G04)。
文摘Global warming is causing the Tibetan permafrost to degrade, as evidenced by rising ground temperatures, thicker active layer thickness, thinner permafrost layer, and melting underground ice, etc.(Ran et al., 2018;Wang et al., 2020).The degradation of permafrost not only profoundly alters the carbon cycling processes in high-altitude ecosystems,thereby influencing the regional climate system, but also affects landscape hydrological connectivity。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.62073068)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No.N2204019)+4 种基金the Applied Basic Research Program Projecttof Liaoning Province (Grant No.2023JH2/101300179)the Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries (Grant No.2018ZCX29)the Shenyang Science and Technology Plan Project (Grant No.23-407-3-01)the Hebei Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.F2020501040)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant Nos.ZR2020MF108 and ZR2020MD058).
文摘Due to the benefits of the high sensitivity,real-time response,no labeling requirement,and good selectivity,fiber optic sensors based on surface plasmon resonance(SPR)have gained popularity in biochemical sensing in recent years.The current research on such sensors is hot in enhancing sensitivity,improving detection accuracy,and achieving the detection of biochemical molecules.The goal of this work is to present a thorough overview of recent developments in the optical fiber SPR biosensor research.Firstly,it explores the basic principles and sensing structures of optical fiber SPR biosensors,focusing on four aspects.Subsequently,this paper introduces three fiber optic surface plasmon biosensors:SPR,localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR),and long-range surface plasmon resonance(LRSPR).Each concept is explained from the perspective of the basic principles of fiber optic SPR biosensors.Furthermore,a classification of fiber optic SPR biosensors in health monitoring,food safety,environmental monitoring,marine detection,and other applications is introduced and analyzed.Eventually,this paper summarizes the current research directions of SPR biosensors.Meanwhile,it provides a prospective outlook on how fiber optic SPR sensors will develop in the future.
基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:5232025Beijing Nova Program,Grant/Award Number:20230484290National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:62173338,61873276。
文摘Copy number variation(CNV)refers to the number of copies of a specific sequence in a genome and is a type of chromatin structural variation.The development of the Hi-C technique has empowered research on the spatial structure of chromatins by capturing interactions between DNA fragments.We utilized machine-learning methods including the linear transformation model and graph convolutional network(GCN)to detect CNV events from Hi-C data and reveal how CNV is related to three-dimensional interactions between genomic fragments in terms of the one-dimensional read count signal and features of the chromatin structure.The experimental results demonstrated a specific linear relation between the Hi-C read count and CNV for each chromosome that can be well qualified by the linear transformation model.In addition,the GCN-based model could accurately extract features of the spatial structure from Hi-C data and infer the corresponding CNV across different chromosomes in a cancer cell line.We performed a series of experiments including dimension reduction,transfer learning,and Hi-C data perturbation to comprehensively evaluate the utility and robustness of the GCN-based model.This work can provide a benchmark for using machine learning to infer CNV from Hi-C data and serves as a necessary foundation for deeper understanding of the relationship between Hi-C data and CNV.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos:2022YFF0705003 and 2022YFF0705002)the Joint Research Fund for Overseas Chinese Scholars and Scholars in Hong Kong and Macao(Grant No.51929501)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M713292).
文摘Glaucoma,the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide,is closely linked to aqueous overaccumulation and elevated intraocular pressure(IOP).For refractory glaucoma,aqueous shunts with valves are commonly implanted for effective aqueous drainage control and IOP stabilization.However,existing valved glaucoma implants have the disadvantages of inconsistent valve opening/closing pressures,poor long-term repeatability due to their reliance on moving parts,and complex architectures and fabrication processes.Here,we propose a novel valving concept,the droplet Laplace valve(DLV),a three-dimensional printable moving-parts-free microvalve with customizable and consistent threshold valving pressures.The DLV uses a flow discretization unit governed by capillarity,comprising a droplet-forming nozzle,and a separated reservoir to digitize continuous flow into quantifiable droplets.Unlike the classic one-time-use Laplace valves,the DLV's unique design allows for its reusability.The opening pressure is adjustable by varying the nozzle size,like the classic Laplace valves(following the Young–Laplace equation),while the closing pressure can be modified by tuning the separation distance and the reservoir size.Various DLVs with customizable opening pressures from 5 to 11 mmHg have been demonstrated,with opening/closing pressure differences suppressed down to<0.5 mmHg(<0.15 mmHg under the best conditions).Thanks to its moving-parts-free nature and digitized flow properties,the DLV shows a highly repeatable valving performance(<1.7%,1000 cycles)and a predictable linear flow rate–pressure correlation(R^(2)>0.99).Preliminary ex vivo validation in an enucleated porcine eye confirms the DLV's efficiency in aqueous shunting and prompt IOP stabilization.The DLV technology holds great promise in glaucoma implants for IOP management and various microsystems for flow control.
文摘Accurate and efficient prediction of polymer properties is of great significance in polymer design.Conventionally,expensive and time-consuming experiments or simulations are required to evaluate polymer functions.Recently,Transformer models,equipped with self-attention mechanisms,have exhibited superior performance in natural language processing.However,such methods have not been investigated in polymer sciences.Herein,we report TransPolymer,a Transformer-based language model for polymer property prediction.Our proposed polymer tokenizer with chemical awareness enables learning representations from polymer sequences.Rigorous experiments on ten polymer property prediction benchmarks demonstrate the superior performance of TransPolymer.Moreover,we show that TransPolymer benefits from pretraining on large unlabeled dataset via Masked Language Modeling.Experimental results further manifest the important role of self-attention in modeling polymer sequences.We highlight this model as a promising computational tool for promoting rational polymer design and understanding structure-property relationships from a data science view.
基金This work was supported by Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.GK202201003)Funded Projects for the Academic Leaders and Academic Backbones of Shaanxi Normal University(No.18QNGG008)Shaanxi Sanqin Scholars Innovation Team,and Free Exploring Research Project for PhD Students of Shaanxi Normal University(No.2020TS106).
文摘Plasmon-generated hot electrons show great potential for driving chemical reactions.The utilization efficiency of hot electrons is highly dependent on the interaction of the electronic states at the interfaces between plasmonic nanoparticles and other materials/molecules.Strong interaction can produce new hybridized electron states,which permit direct hot-electron transfer,a more efficient transfer mechanism.However,Au usually has very weak interaction with most molecules because of its inertness,which makes direct hot-electron transfer impossible.Herein,the improvement of the hot-electron transfer efficiency from Au to N_(2)is demonstrated by introducing a Ru bridging layer.Both the N_(2)fixation rate and Faradic efficiency(FE)are enhanced by the excitation of plasmons.The enhancement of the N_(2)fixation rate is found to arise from plasmon-generated hot electrons.Theoretical calculations show that the strong interaction of the Ru electronic states with the N_(2)molecular orbitals produces new hybridized electronic states,and the Ru d electrons also strongly couple with the Au sp electrons.Such a bridging role of Ru makes direct hot-electron transfer from Au to N_(2)possible,improving the FE of nitrogen fixation.Our findings demonstrate a new approach to increasing the utilization efficiency of plasmonic hot electrons for chemical reactions and will be helpful to the design of plasmonic catalysts in the future.
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.M21002)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC2300902 and 2022YFE0210300)+3 种基金the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(Grant No.2021-I2M-1-038 and 2022-I2M-CoV19-002)Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program(Grant No.2022FY100901)the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019PT310029)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.3332021092).
文摘Many paramyxoviruses are responsible for a variety of mild to severe human and animal diseases.Based on the novel discoveries over the past several decades,the family Paramyxoviridae infecting various hosts across the world includes 4 subfamilies,17 classified genera and 78 species now.However,no systematic surveys of bat paramyxoviruses are available from the Chinese mainland.In this study,13,064 samples from 54 bat species were collected and a comprehensive paramyxovirus survey was conducted.We obtained 94 new genome sequences distributed across paramyxoviruses from 22 bat species in seven provinces.Bayesian phylodynamic and phylogenetic analyses showed that there were four different lineages in the Jeilongvirus genus.Based on available data,results of host and region switches showed that the bat colony was partial to interior,whereas the rodent colony was exported,and the felines and hedgehogs were most likely the intermediate hosts from Scotophilus spp.rather than rodents.Based on the evolutionary trend,genus Jeilongvirus may have originated from Mus spp.in Australia,then transmitted to bats and rodents in Africa,Asia and Europe,and finally to bats and rodents in America.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council through Discovery(Grant Nos.DP210103323 and DE220101094)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52078152 and 12002095)Guangzhou Government-University Union Fund(Grant No.202201020532).
基金This research was supported by the funding from The China Scholarship Council(No.201708510109).
文摘Hutong neighbourhoods,composed of Chinese courtyard dwellings(Siheyuan),are historically and socially significant urban spaces that embody the traditional Chinese way of life and philosophy.As part of the national heritage,there is an increasing research interest in Hutong neighbourhoods,many of which are facing oblivion.This study presents a formal grammar for Hutong neighbourhood generation.This research investigates traditional principles of urban planning of ancient Beijing,based on examples on the historical map Qianlong Jingcheng Quantu,to derive the lost design rules.These rules are used to build up a procedural modelling framework,which reveals the development of Beijing’s urban structure from the Yuan(1271–1368)to the Qing(1644–1911)dynasty.Our findings present a grammar incorporated into the procedural modelling framework to parametrically generate Hutong neighbourhoods,which replicates the morphological characteristics of historic cases.It contributes to the understanding of the generation of Hutong neighbourhoods.In support of heritage sustainability,this grammar can be implemented in a computational environment by visual scripting that enables the generation of new instances of Hutong neighbourhoods,both real and virtual.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51873145)Qing Lan Project+1 种基金333 High-level Talents Training Project of Jiangsu Province(BRA2018340)Six Talent Summits Project of Jiangsu Province(XCL-79)
文摘A derivative of fluorescein,fluorescein O,O-diacrylate(FODA),was utilized in a triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion(TTA-UC)system to develop a composite ratiometric chemosensor capable of detecting cysteine(Cys).FODA acted as both the probe for Cys and the energy acceptor for upconversion(UC)emission,thereby making UC a responsive signal to Cys.In addition,the phosphorescence signal of the sensitizer in the TTA-UC system remained constant and did not respond to Cys,making it an ideal internal reference signal for constructing a ratiometric sensor.Through this simple strategy,traditional fluorescent probes can be combined with TTA-UC system to establish a ratiometric sensing platform,which can be applied in more scenarios due to the longer wavelength excitation.
