Subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to a series of pathological changes,including vascular spasm,cellular apoptosis,blood–brain barrier damage,cerebral edema,and white matter injury.Microglia,which are the key immune cells...Subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to a series of pathological changes,including vascular spasm,cellular apoptosis,blood–brain barrier damage,cerebral edema,and white matter injury.Microglia,which are the key immune cells in the central nervous system,maintain homeostasis in the neural environment,support neurons,mediate apoptosis,participate in immune regulation,and have neuroprotective effects.Increasing evidence has shown that microglia play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of subarachnoid hemorrhage and affect the process of injury and the prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage.Moreover,microglia play certain neuroprotective roles in the recovery phase of subarachnoid hemorrhage.Several approaches aimed at modulating microglia function are believed to attenuate subarachnoid hemorrhage injury.This provides new targets and ideas for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage.However,an in-depth and comprehensive summary of the role of microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage is still lacking.This review describes the activation of microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage and their roles in the pathological processes of vasospasm,neuroinflammation,neuronal apoptosis,blood–brain barrier disruption,cerebral edema,and cerebral white matter lesions.It also discusses the neuroprotective roles of microglia during recovery from subarachnoid hemorrhage and therapeutic advances aimed at modulating microglial function after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Currently,microglia in subarachnoid hemorrhage are targeted with TLR inhibitors,nuclear factor-κB and STAT3 pathway inhibitors,glycine/tyrosine kinases,NLRP3 signaling pathway inhibitors,Gasdermin D inhibitors,vincristine receptorαreceptor agonists,ferroptosis inhibitors,genetic modification techniques,stem cell therapies,and traditional Chinese medicine.However,most of these are still being evaluated at the laboratory stage.More clinical studies and data on subarachnoid hemorrhage are required to improve the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage.展开更多
Recent research has demonstrated the impact of physical activity on the prognosis of glioma patients,with evidence suggesting exercise may reduce mortality risks and aid neural regeneration.The role of the small ubiqu...Recent research has demonstrated the impact of physical activity on the prognosis of glioma patients,with evidence suggesting exercise may reduce mortality risks and aid neural regeneration.The role of the small ubiquitin-like modifier(SUMO)protein,especially post-exercise,in cancer progression,is gaining attention,as are the potential anti-cancer effects of SUMOylation.We used machine learning to create the exercise and SUMO-related gene signature(ESLRS).This signature shows how physical activity might help improve the outlook for low-grade glioma and other cancers.We demonstrated the prognostic and immunotherapeutic significance of ESLRS markers,specifically highlighting how murine double minute 2(MDM2),a component of the ESLRS,can be targeted by nutlin-3.This underscores the intricate relationship between natural compounds such as nutlin-3 and immune regulation.Using comprehensive CRISPR screening,we validated the effects of specific ESLRS genes on low-grade glioma progression.We also revealed insights into the effectiveness of Nutlin-3a as a potent MDM2 inhibitor through molecular docking and dynamic simulation.Nutlin-3a inhibited glioma cell proliferation and activated the p53 pathway.Its efficacy decreased with MDM2 overexpression,and this was reversed by Nutlin-3a or exercise.Experiments using a low-grade glioma mouse model highlighted the effect of physical activity on oxidative stress and molecular pathway regulation.Notably,both physical exercise and Nutlin-3a administration improved physical function in mice bearing tumors derived from MDM2-overexpressing cells.These results suggest the potential for Nutlin-3a,an MDM2 inhibitor,with physical exercise as a therapeutic approach for glioma management.Our research also supports the use of natural products for therapy and sheds light on the interaction of exercise,natural products,and immune regulation in cancer treatment.展开更多
The rehabilitation nursing of lung function at home for lung cancer patients after operation can not only improve the level of lung function and the quality of life but also improve the compliance of patients with tre...The rehabilitation nursing of lung function at home for lung cancer patients after operation can not only improve the level of lung function and the quality of life but also improve the compliance of patients with treatment and improve their psychological status.Studies have shown that respiratory training,exercise training and rehabilitation nursing techniques of Chinese medicine,such as Six-Word Qigong,Tai Chi and Baduanjin have better effects on lung function recovery in patients after lung cancer surgery.In this paper,we made review and discussion on the application of the above methods in patients with lung cancer at home after operation.展开更多
Shoulder stiffness(SS)is a common shoulder disease characterized by increasing pain and limited range of motion.SS is considered to be an inflammatory and fibrotic disorder pathologically.However,there is no consensus...Shoulder stiffness(SS)is a common shoulder disease characterized by increasing pain and limited range of motion.SS is considered to be an inflammatory and fibrotic disorder pathologically.However,there is no consensus on the most effective conservative treatment for fibrosis.Given that human Bone Marrow Mesen-chymal Stem Cell-derived extracellular vesicles(BMSC-EVs)displayed promising therapeutic effects for various tissues,we investigated the therapeutic effect of BMSC-EVs on fibrosis in a mice immobilization model and two cell models.By conducting a series of experiments,we found that BMSC-EVs can significantly inhibit the fibrogenic process both in vitro and in vivo.In detail,BMSC-EVs suppressed the aberrant proliferation,high collagen production capacity,and activation of fibrotic pathways in TGF-β-stimulated fibroblasts in vitro.Besides,in vivo,BMSC-EVs reduced cell infiltration,reduced fibrotic tissue in the shoulder capsule,and improved shoulder mobility.In addition,via exosomal small RNA sequencing and qPCR analysis,let-7a-5p was verified to be the highest expressed miRNA with predicted antifibrotic capability in BMSC-EVs.The antifibrotic capacity of BMSC-EVs was significantly impaired after the knockdown of let-7a-5p.Moreover,we discovered that the mRNA of TGFBR1(the membrane receptor of transforming growth factorβ)was the target of let-7a-5p.Together,these findings elucidated the antifibrotic role of BMSC-EVs in shoulder capsular fibrosis.This study clarifies a new approach using stem cell-derived EVs therapy as an alternative to cell therapy,which may clinically benefit patients with SS in the future.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2022MH124the Youth Science Foundation of Shandong First Medical University,No.202201–105(both to YX)。
文摘Subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to a series of pathological changes,including vascular spasm,cellular apoptosis,blood–brain barrier damage,cerebral edema,and white matter injury.Microglia,which are the key immune cells in the central nervous system,maintain homeostasis in the neural environment,support neurons,mediate apoptosis,participate in immune regulation,and have neuroprotective effects.Increasing evidence has shown that microglia play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of subarachnoid hemorrhage and affect the process of injury and the prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage.Moreover,microglia play certain neuroprotective roles in the recovery phase of subarachnoid hemorrhage.Several approaches aimed at modulating microglia function are believed to attenuate subarachnoid hemorrhage injury.This provides new targets and ideas for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage.However,an in-depth and comprehensive summary of the role of microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage is still lacking.This review describes the activation of microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage and their roles in the pathological processes of vasospasm,neuroinflammation,neuronal apoptosis,blood–brain barrier disruption,cerebral edema,and cerebral white matter lesions.It also discusses the neuroprotective roles of microglia during recovery from subarachnoid hemorrhage and therapeutic advances aimed at modulating microglial function after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Currently,microglia in subarachnoid hemorrhage are targeted with TLR inhibitors,nuclear factor-κB and STAT3 pathway inhibitors,glycine/tyrosine kinases,NLRP3 signaling pathway inhibitors,Gasdermin D inhibitors,vincristine receptorαreceptor agonists,ferroptosis inhibitors,genetic modification techniques,stem cell therapies,and traditional Chinese medicine.However,most of these are still being evaluated at the laboratory stage.More clinical studies and data on subarachnoid hemorrhage are required to improve the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
基金supported by Project of the Health Shanghai Initiative Special Fund(Medical-Sports Integration,Creating a New Model of Exercise for Health),No.JKSHZX-2022-02(to SC).
文摘Recent research has demonstrated the impact of physical activity on the prognosis of glioma patients,with evidence suggesting exercise may reduce mortality risks and aid neural regeneration.The role of the small ubiquitin-like modifier(SUMO)protein,especially post-exercise,in cancer progression,is gaining attention,as are the potential anti-cancer effects of SUMOylation.We used machine learning to create the exercise and SUMO-related gene signature(ESLRS).This signature shows how physical activity might help improve the outlook for low-grade glioma and other cancers.We demonstrated the prognostic and immunotherapeutic significance of ESLRS markers,specifically highlighting how murine double minute 2(MDM2),a component of the ESLRS,can be targeted by nutlin-3.This underscores the intricate relationship between natural compounds such as nutlin-3 and immune regulation.Using comprehensive CRISPR screening,we validated the effects of specific ESLRS genes on low-grade glioma progression.We also revealed insights into the effectiveness of Nutlin-3a as a potent MDM2 inhibitor through molecular docking and dynamic simulation.Nutlin-3a inhibited glioma cell proliferation and activated the p53 pathway.Its efficacy decreased with MDM2 overexpression,and this was reversed by Nutlin-3a or exercise.Experiments using a low-grade glioma mouse model highlighted the effect of physical activity on oxidative stress and molecular pathway regulation.Notably,both physical exercise and Nutlin-3a administration improved physical function in mice bearing tumors derived from MDM2-overexpressing cells.These results suggest the potential for Nutlin-3a,an MDM2 inhibitor,with physical exercise as a therapeutic approach for glioma management.Our research also supports the use of natural products for therapy and sheds light on the interaction of exercise,natural products,and immune regulation in cancer treatment.
基金The study is supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant no.2019-JYB-JS-053).
文摘The rehabilitation nursing of lung function at home for lung cancer patients after operation can not only improve the level of lung function and the quality of life but also improve the compliance of patients with treatment and improve their psychological status.Studies have shown that respiratory training,exercise training and rehabilitation nursing techniques of Chinese medicine,such as Six-Word Qigong,Tai Chi and Baduanjin have better effects on lung function recovery in patients after lung cancer surgery.In this paper,we made review and discussion on the application of the above methods in patients with lung cancer at home after operation.
文摘Shoulder stiffness(SS)is a common shoulder disease characterized by increasing pain and limited range of motion.SS is considered to be an inflammatory and fibrotic disorder pathologically.However,there is no consensus on the most effective conservative treatment for fibrosis.Given that human Bone Marrow Mesen-chymal Stem Cell-derived extracellular vesicles(BMSC-EVs)displayed promising therapeutic effects for various tissues,we investigated the therapeutic effect of BMSC-EVs on fibrosis in a mice immobilization model and two cell models.By conducting a series of experiments,we found that BMSC-EVs can significantly inhibit the fibrogenic process both in vitro and in vivo.In detail,BMSC-EVs suppressed the aberrant proliferation,high collagen production capacity,and activation of fibrotic pathways in TGF-β-stimulated fibroblasts in vitro.Besides,in vivo,BMSC-EVs reduced cell infiltration,reduced fibrotic tissue in the shoulder capsule,and improved shoulder mobility.In addition,via exosomal small RNA sequencing and qPCR analysis,let-7a-5p was verified to be the highest expressed miRNA with predicted antifibrotic capability in BMSC-EVs.The antifibrotic capacity of BMSC-EVs was significantly impaired after the knockdown of let-7a-5p.Moreover,we discovered that the mRNA of TGFBR1(the membrane receptor of transforming growth factorβ)was the target of let-7a-5p.Together,these findings elucidated the antifibrotic role of BMSC-EVs in shoulder capsular fibrosis.This study clarifies a new approach using stem cell-derived EVs therapy as an alternative to cell therapy,which may clinically benefit patients with SS in the future.
