As a very important part of the urban ecosystem,the urban green space system plays an active role in maintaining the urban ecosystem stability,providing ecosystem services,and improving the quality of the urban enviro...As a very important part of the urban ecosystem,the urban green space system plays an active role in maintaining the urban ecosystem stability,providing ecosystem services,and improving the quality of the urban environment.In order to deal with the problems brought about by the deterioration of the urban ecological environment,it is necessary to study and analyze the spatial distribution pattern,evolutionary characteristics and ecosystem services of urban green space to maximize its ecological benefits and comprehensive functions.In this study,we took Beijing urban area as an example,and based on the spatial distribution data of urban green space and remote sensing data,we first calculated the urban green space type transition matrix,landscape pattern index and ecosystem services.Then,we analyzed the changes in urban green space landscape patterns,ecosystem services and their spatial distributions from 2000 to 2020,and studied the interactive relationships between landscape changes and changes in ecosystem services.The results showed three key findings.(1)Beijing’s urban green space construction has achieved remarkable results from 2000 to 2020.The area of green space has increased by 77.41%,mainly from cultivated land and construction land.(2)From 2000 to 2020,the amounts of dust retention,SO_(2) absorption,NO_(2) absorption,cooling and humidification,carbon fixation and oxygen release,and rainwater runoff reduction in Beijing’s urban green space have shown continuous increases in general.(3)There is a close relationship between urban green space landscape changes and green space ecosystem services,and total area(TA)has the highest correlation with ecosystem services.Except for rainwater runoff reduction,the correlation coefficients between TA and ecosystem services are all higher than 0.85.This research can provide theoretical guidance for optimizing Beijing’s green space and determining how to maximize the effect of green space for improving the ecological environment,and ultimately provide a scientific basis for the construction of Beijing’s ecological environment.展开更多
The excessive influence of human activity has highlighted the dilemma between maintaining a stable ecosystem while satisfying consumer demands for food.Kazakhstan has ecological problems caused by the conflict between...The excessive influence of human activity has highlighted the dilemma between maintaining a stable ecosystem while satisfying consumer demands for food.Kazakhstan has ecological problems caused by the conflict between humans and the land,grasslands and raising livestock.Therefore,this study of the food consumption modes in Kazakhstan aims to improve the sustainability of food consumption while maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem.Based on the data of food consumption in Kazakhstan in 2012 and 2016,and through the delineation of consumption modes and the analysis of their changes,this study found three very different food consumption modes in Kazakhstan-one dominated by milk and cereals;one by milk,cereals and meat;and one by milk,cereals,meat,vegetables and fruit.These three modes were distributed separately in the northern,central and southern regions of Kazakhstan,respectively.It is worth noting that food consumption in Kazakhstan is developing into a pattern of milk,cereals and meat.Confronted with the different food consumption modes and their tendencies toward variations,the basic theories of food production need to be revised,and the exchange of information and cooperation between the different regions of Kazakhstan and relevant interests abroad should be encouraged in order to increase the well-being of local consumers.展开更多
The exponential increase of ecosystem utilization has instigated a serious conflict between ecosystem services and residents'needs.The Belt and Road Initiative has greatly influenced Laotian production and living,...The exponential increase of ecosystem utilization has instigated a serious conflict between ecosystem services and residents'needs.The Belt and Road Initiative has greatly influenced Laotian production and living,and the scientific assessment of the consumption of ecosystem services in Laos is important for exploring residents'influence on the ecosystem.Based on data for the Laotian consumption of agricultural products,fruits and livestock products during 1961-2013,normalized by either harvest index or feed conversion ratio,this study draws three main conclusions.1)Ecosystem service consumption in Laos is centered on the consumption of farmland,forestry and grassland ecosystem services,which account for over 80%,over 10%and under 2%,showing downward,upward and constant trends,respectively.The consumption of these ecosystem services shows a trend of increasing first,then fluctuating,and finally increasing.2)The consumption of ecosystem services in Laos was characterized by the mode of"dominance of consumption of the farmland ecosystem services"from 1961 to 2008,and the mode of“balanced development of consumption of farmland,forest and grassland ecosystem services”from 2008 to 2013,with a trend of transformation from the former into the latter.3)The formation and change in the consumption mode of Laotian ecosystem services have been affected by both supply and trade.Laos developed agriculture mainly during the period from 1961 to 2008,forming the mode of"dominance of consumption of the farmland ecosystem services".This development benefited from the enriched varieties of imports as well as the increased value of trade and import volume.However,the consumption of ecosystem services in Laos after 2008 changed from the mode of“dominance of consumption of the farmland ecosystem services”to one of“balanced development of consumption of farmland,forest and grassland ecosystem services".This study provides an empirical reference for research on the consumption of ecosystem services.展开更多
With great significance in ecosystem protection and sustainable development,the study of ecosystem service consumption(ESC)has become a hot topic in ecological research.Based on FAOSTAT data,in this study the patterns...With great significance in ecosystem protection and sustainable development,the study of ecosystem service consumption(ESC)has become a hot topic in ecological research.Based on FAOSTAT data,in this study the patterns,composition and evolution of ESC and ecosystem service consumption patterns(ESCP)in the“Belt and Road"were revealed on the total and regional scales,taking consumed-biomass as a main indicator.Three main conclusions were reached.1)The total ESC was mainly contributed from farmland ecosystems along the"Belt and Road",followed by grassland ecosystems.The ESC indicators on the whole system scale fluctuated,but increased from year 2000 to year 2016.The total ESC increased from 12911.89 Tg yr_1 to 16810.00 Tg yr^1,and the annual per capita consumption of ecosystem services increased from 3.3228 million g p_1 yr'1 to 3.6392 million g p_1 yr'1.2)The ESC,composition and evolution varied significantly among countries,zones and ecosystems.The annual per capita ESC was highest in Mongolia on the national scale,and highest in Central and Eastern Europe and lowest in Southeast Asia on zone scale,which represented the results from the joint effects of regional resource endowments,consumption habits,levels of productive forces,and other factors.3)Higher farmland ESC was the dominant ESCP,which accounted for about 76.7%of the total area along the"Belt and Road",followed by higher farmland+higher grassland ESC,which accounted for about 19.0%of the total area.The other consumption patterns(i.e.,those of higher grassland ESC,higher forestland ESC or higher farmland+higher forest+higher grassland ESC)were found in only a few countries.The ESCP may be related to higher regional population density or the higher proportions of developing countries.Therefore,to realize sustainable social,economic and ecological development,and to improve people's well-being,countries along the,lBelt and Road"should take advantage of their own resources in developing industries,actively expand trade,achieve mutual benefits and win-win situations,and adjust and optimize consumption patterns of ecosystem services.This study can provide data support for further research on the mechanism of ESCP formation this area.展开更多
The study of ecosystem service consumption(ESC)in Nepal not only helps us to understand the intensity and management level of Nepal’s ecosystem utilization,but also provides scientific data support for the establishm...The study of ecosystem service consumption(ESC)in Nepal not only helps us to understand the intensity and management level of Nepal’s ecosystem utilization,but also provides scientific data support for the establishment and planning of China’s aid to Nepal.Based on the data of food consumption and forestry production and trade,this study dynamically investigated the consumption levels,structure and ecological consumption patterns of farmland,forest,grassland,water and the integrated ecosystem in Nepal and their main driving forces,using the physical quantity accounting method.The results showed that the total consumption of farmland,forest,grassland,water and the integrated ecosystem in Nepal from 1961 to 2018 exhibited a fluctuating increase,with average value of 7.26 Tg yr^(-1),6.38 Tg yr^(-1),1.10 Tg yr^(-1),0.02 Tg yr^(-1) and 14.76 Tg yr^(-1),respectively.The annual per capita forest consumption roughly decreased,while the annual per capita consumption of farmland,grassland,waters and integrated ecosystems mostly increased with their growth rates accelerating.The corresponding ecological consumption patterns were the“Log-Cereal-Milk”mode during 1961-1984,the“Log-Cereal-Vegetable-Root-Milk-Sugar”mode during 1985-2007 and the“Log-Cereal-Vegetable-Root-Sugar-Fruit-Milk”mode during 2008-2018.This study indicated that the supply capacity of the ecosystem(production,import and export capacity)and socio-economic factors(population density,per capita GDP and religious beliefs)are the main driving forces that are restricting the evolution of Nepal’s ecological consumption pattern.Although Nepal’s dietary structure has improved significantly,there is still a large gap between it and the standard of a balanced diet.The supply capacities of fruits,meat,eggs,milk and aquatic products should be enhanced to meet people’s demand for a balanced diet.This study can provide data support for the establishment of China’s aid projects to improve Nepal’s livelihood.展开更多
Food resources play a great role in human livelihood,so it is meaningful to investigate their utilization and structural evolution,especially in developing countries.This study takes data from FAOSTAT and the World Ba...Food resources play a great role in human livelihood,so it is meaningful to investigate their utilization and structural evolution,especially in developing countries.This study takes data from FAOSTAT and the World Bank,and applies the emergy method to analyze Uzbek food consumption changes and characteristics from 1992 to 2019.Two main results were obtained:(1)National food consumption showed a persistent increase and had a remarkable change in stages,with the first stage of low-level repetition,the second stage of speeding up and the third stage of high development.The increase of animal-based food consumption was more notable than that of plant-based food consumption.(2)Per capita annual food consumption had a tendency of change that was similar to that of national food consumption.The proportion of animal-based food in the total per capita annual food consumption usually remained about 2-fold higher than that of plant-based food consumption.The main food consumption pattern was the combination of crops such as wheat and rice with meat such as beef.The fruit and vegetable consumption also increased.With the growing population,various changes in food demand will inevitably happen,so it is necessary to take sustainable measures in time to satisfy the new demand and to protect resources and the environment.展开更多
This paper introduces concepts and current research status of plantation nutrients cyclings, and analyzes main contents of plantation nutrients cycling as nutrients contents, accumulation and distribution of nutrients...This paper introduces concepts and current research status of plantation nutrients cyclings, and analyzes main contents of plantation nutrients cycling as nutrients contents, accumulation and distribution of nutrients elements, understory species and forest litter. At the same time, the paper summarizes the problems in plantation nutrients cycling and its prospects.展开更多
基金The Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20010202)The Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi (AA20161002-3)。
基金The Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project (AA20161002-3)The National Natural Science Foundation of China (41971272)The Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20020402)。
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971272)The Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project(AA20161002-3)The Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20020402)。
文摘As a very important part of the urban ecosystem,the urban green space system plays an active role in maintaining the urban ecosystem stability,providing ecosystem services,and improving the quality of the urban environment.In order to deal with the problems brought about by the deterioration of the urban ecological environment,it is necessary to study and analyze the spatial distribution pattern,evolutionary characteristics and ecosystem services of urban green space to maximize its ecological benefits and comprehensive functions.In this study,we took Beijing urban area as an example,and based on the spatial distribution data of urban green space and remote sensing data,we first calculated the urban green space type transition matrix,landscape pattern index and ecosystem services.Then,we analyzed the changes in urban green space landscape patterns,ecosystem services and their spatial distributions from 2000 to 2020,and studied the interactive relationships between landscape changes and changes in ecosystem services.The results showed three key findings.(1)Beijing’s urban green space construction has achieved remarkable results from 2000 to 2020.The area of green space has increased by 77.41%,mainly from cultivated land and construction land.(2)From 2000 to 2020,the amounts of dust retention,SO_(2) absorption,NO_(2) absorption,cooling and humidification,carbon fixation and oxygen release,and rainwater runoff reduction in Beijing’s urban green space have shown continuous increases in general.(3)There is a close relationship between urban green space landscape changes and green space ecosystem services,and total area(TA)has the highest correlation with ecosystem services.Except for rainwater runoff reduction,the correlation coefficients between TA and ecosystem services are all higher than 0.85.This research can provide theoretical guidance for optimizing Beijing’s green space and determining how to maximize the effect of green space for improving the ecological environment,and ultimately provide a scientific basis for the construction of Beijing’s ecological environment.
基金The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20010202)The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0503700)
文摘The excessive influence of human activity has highlighted the dilemma between maintaining a stable ecosystem while satisfying consumer demands for food.Kazakhstan has ecological problems caused by the conflict between humans and the land,grasslands and raising livestock.Therefore,this study of the food consumption modes in Kazakhstan aims to improve the sustainability of food consumption while maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem.Based on the data of food consumption in Kazakhstan in 2012 and 2016,and through the delineation of consumption modes and the analysis of their changes,this study found three very different food consumption modes in Kazakhstan-one dominated by milk and cereals;one by milk,cereals and meat;and one by milk,cereals,meat,vegetables and fruit.These three modes were distributed separately in the northern,central and southern regions of Kazakhstan,respectively.It is worth noting that food consumption in Kazakhstan is developing into a pattern of milk,cereals and meat.Confronted with the different food consumption modes and their tendencies toward variations,the basic theories of food production need to be revised,and the exchange of information and cooperation between the different regions of Kazakhstan and relevant interests abroad should be encouraged in order to increase the well-being of local consumers.
基金The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20010202)The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0503700)
文摘The exponential increase of ecosystem utilization has instigated a serious conflict between ecosystem services and residents'needs.The Belt and Road Initiative has greatly influenced Laotian production and living,and the scientific assessment of the consumption of ecosystem services in Laos is important for exploring residents'influence on the ecosystem.Based on data for the Laotian consumption of agricultural products,fruits and livestock products during 1961-2013,normalized by either harvest index or feed conversion ratio,this study draws three main conclusions.1)Ecosystem service consumption in Laos is centered on the consumption of farmland,forestry and grassland ecosystem services,which account for over 80%,over 10%and under 2%,showing downward,upward and constant trends,respectively.The consumption of these ecosystem services shows a trend of increasing first,then fluctuating,and finally increasing.2)The consumption of ecosystem services in Laos was characterized by the mode of"dominance of consumption of the farmland ecosystem services"from 1961 to 2008,and the mode of“balanced development of consumption of farmland,forest and grassland ecosystem services”from 2008 to 2013,with a trend of transformation from the former into the latter.3)The formation and change in the consumption mode of Laotian ecosystem services have been affected by both supply and trade.Laos developed agriculture mainly during the period from 1961 to 2008,forming the mode of"dominance of consumption of the farmland ecosystem services".This development benefited from the enriched varieties of imports as well as the increased value of trade and import volume.However,the consumption of ecosystem services in Laos after 2008 changed from the mode of“dominance of consumption of the farmland ecosystem services”to one of“balanced development of consumption of farmland,forest and grassland ecosystem services".This study provides an empirical reference for research on the consumption of ecosystem services.
基金The Strategic Leading Science and Technology Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Category A)(XDA20010202)The National Key Research&Development Program of China(2016YFC0503403)
文摘With great significance in ecosystem protection and sustainable development,the study of ecosystem service consumption(ESC)has become a hot topic in ecological research.Based on FAOSTAT data,in this study the patterns,composition and evolution of ESC and ecosystem service consumption patterns(ESCP)in the“Belt and Road"were revealed on the total and regional scales,taking consumed-biomass as a main indicator.Three main conclusions were reached.1)The total ESC was mainly contributed from farmland ecosystems along the"Belt and Road",followed by grassland ecosystems.The ESC indicators on the whole system scale fluctuated,but increased from year 2000 to year 2016.The total ESC increased from 12911.89 Tg yr_1 to 16810.00 Tg yr^1,and the annual per capita consumption of ecosystem services increased from 3.3228 million g p_1 yr'1 to 3.6392 million g p_1 yr'1.2)The ESC,composition and evolution varied significantly among countries,zones and ecosystems.The annual per capita ESC was highest in Mongolia on the national scale,and highest in Central and Eastern Europe and lowest in Southeast Asia on zone scale,which represented the results from the joint effects of regional resource endowments,consumption habits,levels of productive forces,and other factors.3)Higher farmland ESC was the dominant ESCP,which accounted for about 76.7%of the total area along the"Belt and Road",followed by higher farmland+higher grassland ESC,which accounted for about 19.0%of the total area.The other consumption patterns(i.e.,those of higher grassland ESC,higher forestland ESC or higher farmland+higher forest+higher grassland ESC)were found in only a few countries.The ESCP may be related to higher regional population density or the higher proportions of developing countries.Therefore,to realize sustainable social,economic and ecological development,and to improve people's well-being,countries along the,lBelt and Road"should take advantage of their own resources in developing industries,actively expand trade,achieve mutual benefits and win-win situations,and adjust and optimize consumption patterns of ecosystem services.This study can provide data support for further research on the mechanism of ESCP formation this area.
基金The Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20010202)The Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi(AA20161002-3)。
文摘The study of ecosystem service consumption(ESC)in Nepal not only helps us to understand the intensity and management level of Nepal’s ecosystem utilization,but also provides scientific data support for the establishment and planning of China’s aid to Nepal.Based on the data of food consumption and forestry production and trade,this study dynamically investigated the consumption levels,structure and ecological consumption patterns of farmland,forest,grassland,water and the integrated ecosystem in Nepal and their main driving forces,using the physical quantity accounting method.The results showed that the total consumption of farmland,forest,grassland,water and the integrated ecosystem in Nepal from 1961 to 2018 exhibited a fluctuating increase,with average value of 7.26 Tg yr^(-1),6.38 Tg yr^(-1),1.10 Tg yr^(-1),0.02 Tg yr^(-1) and 14.76 Tg yr^(-1),respectively.The annual per capita forest consumption roughly decreased,while the annual per capita consumption of farmland,grassland,waters and integrated ecosystems mostly increased with their growth rates accelerating.The corresponding ecological consumption patterns were the“Log-Cereal-Milk”mode during 1961-1984,the“Log-Cereal-Vegetable-Root-Milk-Sugar”mode during 1985-2007 and the“Log-Cereal-Vegetable-Root-Sugar-Fruit-Milk”mode during 2008-2018.This study indicated that the supply capacity of the ecosystem(production,import and export capacity)and socio-economic factors(population density,per capita GDP and religious beliefs)are the main driving forces that are restricting the evolution of Nepal’s ecological consumption pattern.Although Nepal’s dietary structure has improved significantly,there is still a large gap between it and the standard of a balanced diet.The supply capacities of fruits,meat,eggs,milk and aquatic products should be enhanced to meet people’s demand for a balanced diet.This study can provide data support for the establishment of China’s aid projects to improve Nepal’s livelihood.
基金The Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20010202)。
文摘Food resources play a great role in human livelihood,so it is meaningful to investigate their utilization and structural evolution,especially in developing countries.This study takes data from FAOSTAT and the World Bank,and applies the emergy method to analyze Uzbek food consumption changes and characteristics from 1992 to 2019.Two main results were obtained:(1)National food consumption showed a persistent increase and had a remarkable change in stages,with the first stage of low-level repetition,the second stage of speeding up and the third stage of high development.The increase of animal-based food consumption was more notable than that of plant-based food consumption.(2)Per capita annual food consumption had a tendency of change that was similar to that of national food consumption.The proportion of animal-based food in the total per capita annual food consumption usually remained about 2-fold higher than that of plant-based food consumption.The main food consumption pattern was the combination of crops such as wheat and rice with meat such as beef.The fruit and vegetable consumption also increased.With the growing population,various changes in food demand will inevitably happen,so it is necessary to take sustainable measures in time to satisfy the new demand and to protect resources and the environment.
文摘This paper introduces concepts and current research status of plantation nutrients cyclings, and analyzes main contents of plantation nutrients cycling as nutrients contents, accumulation and distribution of nutrients elements, understory species and forest litter. At the same time, the paper summarizes the problems in plantation nutrients cycling and its prospects.
