目的了解高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(highly active antiretroviral therapy,HAART)后HIV/AIDS患者T淋巴细胞免疫活化及CD4+CD45RA+T细胞的亚群变化,探讨抗病毒治疗对HIV感染者免疫恢复的影响。方法前瞻性分析105例接受HARRT治疗的HIV/AIDS患...目的了解高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(highly active antiretroviral therapy,HAART)后HIV/AIDS患者T淋巴细胞免疫活化及CD4+CD45RA+T细胞的亚群变化,探讨抗病毒治疗对HIV感染者免疫恢复的影响。方法前瞻性分析105例接受HARRT治疗的HIV/AIDS患者,流式细胞仪检测治疗前和治疗后1、3、6及12个月T淋巴细胞活化水平(CD38、HLA-DR的表达)及CD4+CD45RA+T淋巴细胞;同时选取未暴露且HIV-1抗体检测阴性者35名作为健康对照。结果HAART治疗前HIV/AIDS患者T淋巴细胞活化水平显著高于健康对照(P<0.01),HAART治疗后随治疗时间延长活化水平明显下降,治疗1个月时CD4+CD38+HLA-DR+及CD8+CD38+、CD8+HLA-DR+T淋巴细胞首先出现降低,治疗6个月时包含CD8+CD38+HLA-DR+T在内的4项活化指标均明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗12个月与6个月相比,CD8+CD38+HLA-DR+T表达水平继续降低(P<0.01),而其余3项活化指标差异无统计学意义。但HAART治疗12个月后,4项活化指标仍全部高于健康对照组(P<0.01)。CD4+CD45RA+T淋巴细胞百分比在治疗前及治疗后12个月均明显低于健康对照组。结论HIV/AIDS患者在HAART治疗后6个月免疫活化水平降低,但HAART并不能使免疫活化逆转;HAART治疗也不能恢复HIV感染后降低的CD4+CD45RA+T淋巴细胞的水平。展开更多
目的探讨T淋巴细胞亚群分布及稳态变化在男男性行为人群(men who have sex with men,MSM)艾滋病病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染疾病进展中的作用。方法166例男男性行为人群HIV感染样本,依据感染时间及CD4^+T淋巴细胞水平分...目的探讨T淋巴细胞亚群分布及稳态变化在男男性行为人群(men who have sex with men,MSM)艾滋病病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染疾病进展中的作用。方法166例男男性行为人群HIV感染样本,依据感染时间及CD4^+T淋巴细胞水平分组:早期感染组(early HIV infection,EHI)38例、HIV组94例、AIDS组34例,62例HIV抗体阴性MSM作为健康对照,用EDTA抗凝管采集全血,流式细胞术检测CD4^+T、CD8^+T淋巴细胞亚群(CD4^+CD45RA+、CD8^+CD28^+、CD4^+CD25^+CD127^-)及活化(CD38、HLA-DR)与凋亡(CD95)细胞表达频率。结果随着疾病进展,CD4^+CD45RA+T淋巴细胞表达逐步降低,HIV组低于对照组,AIDS组低于HIV组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.015,P=0.000),而EHI组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CD8^+CD28^+T细胞在EHI组出现明显降低,HIV组和AIDS组持续在较低水平。调节性T细胞(CD4^+CD25^+CD127^-)亚群比例各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CD4活化细胞(CD4^+CD38^+HLA-DR^+)百分比逐级上升,表现为对照组<EHI组<HIV组<AIDS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);CD8活化亚群(CD8^+CD38^+,CD8^+HLA-DR^+,CD8^+CD38^+HLA-DR^+)和CD8凋亡细胞亚群(CD8^+CD95^+)均表现为EHI组、HIV组和AIDS组显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.01),但前3组间两两比较,活化及凋亡亚群差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论HIV感染后T淋巴细胞各亚群的数量、功能均发生改变,活化及凋亡细胞比例增加,进一步加重免疫功能损伤,T细胞亚型重新分布及稳态变化可能是疾病进展的影响因素。CD4^+T和CD8^+T淋巴细胞在HIV感染的早期已经发生免疫活化,对这一阶段免疫应答的研究将是探讨其在疾病进展中发挥作用的重要时机。展开更多
目的分析西安市2011—2017年新报告艾滋病感染者/艾滋病病例(HIV/AIDS)晚发现率及其影响因素,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法从艾滋病综合防治信息系统中选取西安市2011—2017年新报告的HIV/AIDS,采用趋势χ~2检验分析晚发现率及变化趋势...目的分析西安市2011—2017年新报告艾滋病感染者/艾滋病病例(HIV/AIDS)晚发现率及其影响因素,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法从艾滋病综合防治信息系统中选取西安市2011—2017年新报告的HIV/AIDS,采用趋势χ~2检验分析晚发现率及变化趋势,采用Logistic回归模型进行晚发现影响因素分析。结果西安市2011—2017年新报告HIV/AIDS的晚发现率依次为20.2%、23.1%、28.4%、26.1%、28.7%、32.2%和31.1%,各年度晚发现比例呈上升趋势(P=0.000)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,女性晚发现比例较男性低(OR=0.740,95%CI:0.607~0.903);65岁~组(OR=2.253,95%CI:1.564~3.245)、已婚有配偶(OR=1.418,95%CI:1.220~1.649)、非本市现住址(OR=1.349,95%CI:1.196~1.523)、农民/农民工/工人(OR=1.217,95%CI:1.058~1.447)、异性传播(OR=2.513,95%CI:1.528~4.133)和医疗机构来源(OR=1.958,95%CI:1.678~2.283)的病例晚发现比例较高。结论西安市2011—2017年新报告HIV/AIDS的晚发现率逐年升高,应加强对老年人口、流动人口和农民工等重点人群的宣传教育,提高防病意识和检测意识,积极推进各级医疗机构全面开展医务人员主动提供艾滋病检测咨询服务(provider initiated HIV testing and counseling,PITC),促进HIV感染者的早期发现。展开更多
A 2.5-dimensional method in frequency wave-number domain is developed to investigate the mode waves in a deviated borehole penetrating a transversely isotropic formation. The phase velocity dispersion characteristics ...A 2.5-dimensional method in frequency wave-number domain is developed to investigate the mode waves in a deviated borehole penetrating a transversely isotropic formation. The phase velocity dispersion characteristics of the fast and slow flexural mode waves excited by a dipole source are computed accurately at various deviation angles for both hard and soft formations. The sensitivities of the flexural mode waves to all elastic constants in a transversely isotropic formation are calculated. Numerical results show that, for a soft formation, the fast flexural mode wave is dominated by c66 at high deviation angles and low frequencies, while the slow flexural mode wave is dominated by c44 at the same conditions. Waveforms in time domain are also presented to support the conclusions.展开更多
A method of studying the contributions of leaky modes to the wave field is presented based on the analysis of the Riemann surface structure of the characteristic function, and the sensitivities of con- tributions to v...A method of studying the contributions of leaky modes to the wave field is presented based on the analysis of the Riemann surface structure of the characteristic function, and the sensitivities of con- tributions to various factors of interest are examimed. Numerical results show that their contributions to the compressional head wave are related to the distributions of complex poles on (-1, -1) and (0, -1) Riemann sheets on the frequency-wavenumber (ω - k) plane. For fast formations, their contributions are small, while for slow formations with large Poisson’s ratio, their contributions are large because of those complex poles with small imaginary parts near the compressional vertical branch cut. The decaying factor of the contributions of leaky modes is approximately proportional to 1/distance2.展开更多
An approach of separating individual wave arrivals for a dipole logging is presented. The branch points are treated as a type of logarithm and the Riemann surface structure of the multivalued function is studied, that...An approach of separating individual wave arrivals for a dipole logging is presented. The branch points are treated as a type of logarithm and the Riemann surface structure of the multivalued function is studied, that is, the displacement potential within the borehole. Based on the theoretical analysis, the complex poles contributing to the wave field on various Riemann sheets are investigated in detail for the case of a fast formation. It is shown that poles on Riemann sheet (0,0) are real and form branches of modes with dispersion. Mathematically, it is demonstrated that the flexural mode has no cutoff frequency, which is different from the traditional point of view. Poles on other relevant Riemann sheets are complex and form many branches on the complex frequency-wavenumber plane. Further investigation on the pole and branch cut contributions indicates that the vertical branch cut integration method has limitations in separating wave arrivals. By properly taking into account the complex poles on various Riemann sheets together with branch cut integrations, wave arrivals are separated from the full wave-forms effectively for both the fast and slow formation models. Specially, there are complex poles on Riemann sheet (0,-1) in the vicinity of the compressional branch cut for a slow formation with a large Poisson's ratio, which have small imaginary parts and contribute a lot to the p-wave arrival.展开更多
文摘目的了解高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(highly active antiretroviral therapy,HAART)后HIV/AIDS患者T淋巴细胞免疫活化及CD4+CD45RA+T细胞的亚群变化,探讨抗病毒治疗对HIV感染者免疫恢复的影响。方法前瞻性分析105例接受HARRT治疗的HIV/AIDS患者,流式细胞仪检测治疗前和治疗后1、3、6及12个月T淋巴细胞活化水平(CD38、HLA-DR的表达)及CD4+CD45RA+T淋巴细胞;同时选取未暴露且HIV-1抗体检测阴性者35名作为健康对照。结果HAART治疗前HIV/AIDS患者T淋巴细胞活化水平显著高于健康对照(P<0.01),HAART治疗后随治疗时间延长活化水平明显下降,治疗1个月时CD4+CD38+HLA-DR+及CD8+CD38+、CD8+HLA-DR+T淋巴细胞首先出现降低,治疗6个月时包含CD8+CD38+HLA-DR+T在内的4项活化指标均明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗12个月与6个月相比,CD8+CD38+HLA-DR+T表达水平继续降低(P<0.01),而其余3项活化指标差异无统计学意义。但HAART治疗12个月后,4项活化指标仍全部高于健康对照组(P<0.01)。CD4+CD45RA+T淋巴细胞百分比在治疗前及治疗后12个月均明显低于健康对照组。结论HIV/AIDS患者在HAART治疗后6个月免疫活化水平降低,但HAART并不能使免疫活化逆转;HAART治疗也不能恢复HIV感染后降低的CD4+CD45RA+T淋巴细胞的水平。
文摘目的探讨T淋巴细胞亚群分布及稳态变化在男男性行为人群(men who have sex with men,MSM)艾滋病病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染疾病进展中的作用。方法166例男男性行为人群HIV感染样本,依据感染时间及CD4^+T淋巴细胞水平分组:早期感染组(early HIV infection,EHI)38例、HIV组94例、AIDS组34例,62例HIV抗体阴性MSM作为健康对照,用EDTA抗凝管采集全血,流式细胞术检测CD4^+T、CD8^+T淋巴细胞亚群(CD4^+CD45RA+、CD8^+CD28^+、CD4^+CD25^+CD127^-)及活化(CD38、HLA-DR)与凋亡(CD95)细胞表达频率。结果随着疾病进展,CD4^+CD45RA+T淋巴细胞表达逐步降低,HIV组低于对照组,AIDS组低于HIV组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.015,P=0.000),而EHI组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CD8^+CD28^+T细胞在EHI组出现明显降低,HIV组和AIDS组持续在较低水平。调节性T细胞(CD4^+CD25^+CD127^-)亚群比例各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CD4活化细胞(CD4^+CD38^+HLA-DR^+)百分比逐级上升,表现为对照组<EHI组<HIV组<AIDS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);CD8活化亚群(CD8^+CD38^+,CD8^+HLA-DR^+,CD8^+CD38^+HLA-DR^+)和CD8凋亡细胞亚群(CD8^+CD95^+)均表现为EHI组、HIV组和AIDS组显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.01),但前3组间两两比较,活化及凋亡亚群差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论HIV感染后T淋巴细胞各亚群的数量、功能均发生改变,活化及凋亡细胞比例增加,进一步加重免疫功能损伤,T细胞亚型重新分布及稳态变化可能是疾病进展的影响因素。CD4^+T和CD8^+T淋巴细胞在HIV感染的早期已经发生免疫活化,对这一阶段免疫应答的研究将是探讨其在疾病进展中发挥作用的重要时机。
文摘目的分析西安市2011—2017年新报告艾滋病感染者/艾滋病病例(HIV/AIDS)晚发现率及其影响因素,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法从艾滋病综合防治信息系统中选取西安市2011—2017年新报告的HIV/AIDS,采用趋势χ~2检验分析晚发现率及变化趋势,采用Logistic回归模型进行晚发现影响因素分析。结果西安市2011—2017年新报告HIV/AIDS的晚发现率依次为20.2%、23.1%、28.4%、26.1%、28.7%、32.2%和31.1%,各年度晚发现比例呈上升趋势(P=0.000)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,女性晚发现比例较男性低(OR=0.740,95%CI:0.607~0.903);65岁~组(OR=2.253,95%CI:1.564~3.245)、已婚有配偶(OR=1.418,95%CI:1.220~1.649)、非本市现住址(OR=1.349,95%CI:1.196~1.523)、农民/农民工/工人(OR=1.217,95%CI:1.058~1.447)、异性传播(OR=2.513,95%CI:1.528~4.133)和医疗机构来源(OR=1.958,95%CI:1.678~2.283)的病例晚发现比例较高。结论西安市2011—2017年新报告HIV/AIDS的晚发现率逐年升高,应加强对老年人口、流动人口和农民工等重点人群的宣传教育,提高防病意识和检测意识,积极推进各级医疗机构全面开展医务人员主动提供艾滋病检测咨询服务(provider initiated HIV testing and counseling,PITC),促进HIV感染者的早期发现。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11134011)the National R&D Projects for Key Scientific Instruments(Grant No.ZDYZ2012-1-07)the"12th Five-Year Plan"Period for Informatization Project in Supercomputing Key Demonstration,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XXH12503-02-02-2(07))
文摘A 2.5-dimensional method in frequency wave-number domain is developed to investigate the mode waves in a deviated borehole penetrating a transversely isotropic formation. The phase velocity dispersion characteristics of the fast and slow flexural mode waves excited by a dipole source are computed accurately at various deviation angles for both hard and soft formations. The sensitivities of the flexural mode waves to all elastic constants in a transversely isotropic formation are calculated. Numerical results show that, for a soft formation, the fast flexural mode wave is dominated by c66 at high deviation angles and low frequencies, while the slow flexural mode wave is dominated by c44 at the same conditions. Waveforms in time domain are also presented to support the conclusions.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10534040)
文摘A method of studying the contributions of leaky modes to the wave field is presented based on the analysis of the Riemann surface structure of the characteristic function, and the sensitivities of con- tributions to various factors of interest are examimed. Numerical results show that their contributions to the compressional head wave are related to the distributions of complex poles on (-1, -1) and (0, -1) Riemann sheets on the frequency-wavenumber (ω - k) plane. For fast formations, their contributions are small, while for slow formations with large Poisson’s ratio, their contributions are large because of those complex poles with small imaginary parts near the compressional vertical branch cut. The decaying factor of the contributions of leaky modes is approximately proportional to 1/distance2.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10534040)
文摘An approach of separating individual wave arrivals for a dipole logging is presented. The branch points are treated as a type of logarithm and the Riemann surface structure of the multivalued function is studied, that is, the displacement potential within the borehole. Based on the theoretical analysis, the complex poles contributing to the wave field on various Riemann sheets are investigated in detail for the case of a fast formation. It is shown that poles on Riemann sheet (0,0) are real and form branches of modes with dispersion. Mathematically, it is demonstrated that the flexural mode has no cutoff frequency, which is different from the traditional point of view. Poles on other relevant Riemann sheets are complex and form many branches on the complex frequency-wavenumber plane. Further investigation on the pole and branch cut contributions indicates that the vertical branch cut integration method has limitations in separating wave arrivals. By properly taking into account the complex poles on various Riemann sheets together with branch cut integrations, wave arrivals are separated from the full wave-forms effectively for both the fast and slow formation models. Specially, there are complex poles on Riemann sheet (0,-1) in the vicinity of the compressional branch cut for a slow formation with a large Poisson's ratio, which have small imaginary parts and contribute a lot to the p-wave arrival.
