旨在更好地了解杭猪保种群体的遗传多样性、亲缘关系和家系结构,有效保护和利用杭猪遗传资源。本研究使用50KSNP芯片对30头杭猪(4头公猪,26头母猪)保种个体进行了单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)测定,通过Plink软...旨在更好地了解杭猪保种群体的遗传多样性、亲缘关系和家系结构,有效保护和利用杭猪遗传资源。本研究使用50KSNP芯片对30头杭猪(4头公猪,26头母猪)保种个体进行了单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)测定,通过Plink软件对获得的基因型数据进行质控,用于最小等位基因频率、观察杂合度、期望杂合度和多态信息含量的计算,分析杭猪保种群的遗传多样性;使用Plink计算连续性纯合片段(runs of homozygosity,ROH)、构建状态同源(identity by state,IBS)距离矩阵,并计算得到基于连续性纯合片段的近交系数;采用Gmatrix软件构建G矩阵,分析杭猪保种群的亲缘关系;使用Mega X软件构建公猪进化树,分析保种群体的家系结构。结果表明,30头杭猪共得到57466个SNPs标记,平均检出率为0.9883±0.0004,通过质检SNPs数为34156;平均最小等位基因频率为0.228±0.137,平均多态信息含量为0.255±0.098;平均观察杂合度为0.359±0.181,平均期望杂合度为0.314±0.140。杭猪保种群体平均IBS遗传距离为0.2417±0.0336,公猪平均IBS遗传距离为0.1783±0.0255;G矩阵分析结果与IBS距离矩阵一致,两个结果均表明杭猪保种群部分个体之间亲缘关系较近。30头杭猪个体共检测到828个ROHs,83.33%的ROH长度在10Mb以内,平均长度为(6.96±9.62)Mb,个体ROH平均总长度为(191.95±201.56)Mb。基于ROH的平均近交系数为0.078±0.082,其中公猪平均近交系数为0.219±0.082,说明杭猪保种群整体的近交程度不严重,但公猪存在近交。进化树结果表明,杭猪保种群体目前只有2个家系,其中1个家系包含4头公猪,另一个家系不含公猪。综上所述,杭猪保种场的保种群公猪的血缘数量少,母猪近交程度低,公猪存在近交,需要引入新血统或创建新血统来维持家系结构的平衡以利于杭猪遗传资源的长期保存,防止杭猪遗传多样性的丢失。展开更多
Land surface evapotranspiration(ET)is a critical component in the hydrological cycle but has not well been understood in data-scarce areas especially in river basins,like Nujiang River(NRB)which is characterized by la...Land surface evapotranspiration(ET)is a critical component in the hydrological cycle but has not well been understood in data-scarce areas especially in river basins,like Nujiang River(NRB)which is characterized by large elevation gradient and different vegetation zones with complex processes of water and energy exchange.The quality of ET from optical remote sensing is constrained by cloud cover which is common in the NRB in the monsoon seasons.To understand factors controlling the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of ET in NRB,we employed the Variable Infiltration Capacity(VIC)hydrological model by parameter optimization with support of quality controlled remote sensing ET product and observed river runoff series in the river.The modeled ET has increased during 1984-2018,which might be one of the reasons for the runoff decrease but precipitation increase in the same period.ET increase and runoff decrease tended to be quicker within altitudinal band of 2000-4000 m than in other areas in NRB.We observed that ET variation in different climatic zones were controlled by different factors.ET is generally positively correlated with precipitation,temperature,and shortwave radiation but negatively with relative humidity.In the Tundra Climate(Et)zone in the upper reach of NRB,ET is controlled by precipitation,while it is controlled by shortwave radiation in the snow climate with dry winter(Dw)zone.ET increase is influenced by the increase of temperature,wind speed,and shortwave radiation in the middle and downstream of NRB with warm temperate climate,fully humid(Cf)and warm temperate climate with dry winter(Cw).展开更多
文摘旨在更好地了解杭猪保种群体的遗传多样性、亲缘关系和家系结构,有效保护和利用杭猪遗传资源。本研究使用50KSNP芯片对30头杭猪(4头公猪,26头母猪)保种个体进行了单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)测定,通过Plink软件对获得的基因型数据进行质控,用于最小等位基因频率、观察杂合度、期望杂合度和多态信息含量的计算,分析杭猪保种群的遗传多样性;使用Plink计算连续性纯合片段(runs of homozygosity,ROH)、构建状态同源(identity by state,IBS)距离矩阵,并计算得到基于连续性纯合片段的近交系数;采用Gmatrix软件构建G矩阵,分析杭猪保种群的亲缘关系;使用Mega X软件构建公猪进化树,分析保种群体的家系结构。结果表明,30头杭猪共得到57466个SNPs标记,平均检出率为0.9883±0.0004,通过质检SNPs数为34156;平均最小等位基因频率为0.228±0.137,平均多态信息含量为0.255±0.098;平均观察杂合度为0.359±0.181,平均期望杂合度为0.314±0.140。杭猪保种群体平均IBS遗传距离为0.2417±0.0336,公猪平均IBS遗传距离为0.1783±0.0255;G矩阵分析结果与IBS距离矩阵一致,两个结果均表明杭猪保种群部分个体之间亲缘关系较近。30头杭猪个体共检测到828个ROHs,83.33%的ROH长度在10Mb以内,平均长度为(6.96±9.62)Mb,个体ROH平均总长度为(191.95±201.56)Mb。基于ROH的平均近交系数为0.078±0.082,其中公猪平均近交系数为0.219±0.082,说明杭猪保种群整体的近交程度不严重,但公猪存在近交。进化树结果表明,杭猪保种群体目前只有2个家系,其中1个家系包含4头公猪,另一个家系不含公猪。综上所述,杭猪保种场的保种群公猪的血缘数量少,母猪近交程度低,公猪存在近交,需要引入新血统或创建新血统来维持家系结构的平衡以利于杭猪遗传资源的长期保存,防止杭猪遗传多样性的丢失。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42171129)the second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(2019QZKK0208)Yunnan University Talent Introduction Research Project(YJRC3201702)。
文摘Land surface evapotranspiration(ET)is a critical component in the hydrological cycle but has not well been understood in data-scarce areas especially in river basins,like Nujiang River(NRB)which is characterized by large elevation gradient and different vegetation zones with complex processes of water and energy exchange.The quality of ET from optical remote sensing is constrained by cloud cover which is common in the NRB in the monsoon seasons.To understand factors controlling the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of ET in NRB,we employed the Variable Infiltration Capacity(VIC)hydrological model by parameter optimization with support of quality controlled remote sensing ET product and observed river runoff series in the river.The modeled ET has increased during 1984-2018,which might be one of the reasons for the runoff decrease but precipitation increase in the same period.ET increase and runoff decrease tended to be quicker within altitudinal band of 2000-4000 m than in other areas in NRB.We observed that ET variation in different climatic zones were controlled by different factors.ET is generally positively correlated with precipitation,temperature,and shortwave radiation but negatively with relative humidity.In the Tundra Climate(Et)zone in the upper reach of NRB,ET is controlled by precipitation,while it is controlled by shortwave radiation in the snow climate with dry winter(Dw)zone.ET increase is influenced by the increase of temperature,wind speed,and shortwave radiation in the middle and downstream of NRB with warm temperate climate,fully humid(Cf)and warm temperate climate with dry winter(Cw).
