旨在阐明耐盐性不同水稻的产量对盐胁迫的响应及其生理特性。本研究以5个耐盐水稻品种和两个盐敏感水稻品种为材料,设置了5个不同盐浓度处理(0、1、2、2.5和3 g kg^(-1))。结果表明,相较于盐敏感水稻,耐盐水稻能够耐受更高浓度的盐胁迫(...旨在阐明耐盐性不同水稻的产量对盐胁迫的响应及其生理特性。本研究以5个耐盐水稻品种和两个盐敏感水稻品种为材料,设置了5个不同盐浓度处理(0、1、2、2.5和3 g kg^(-1))。结果表明,相较于盐敏感水稻,耐盐水稻能够耐受更高浓度的盐胁迫(2.5 g kg^(-1)),且产量受盐胁迫减产幅度较小。耐盐水稻品种具有较高的产量,得益于其较高的总颖花量和结实率。与盐敏感品种相比,耐盐水稻品种叶片,在分蘖中期、穗分化期、抽穗期,具有较高的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,较高的果糖、海藻糖、山梨醇、脯氨酸等有机渗透调节物质含量,较高的K;/Na;值;分蘖至拔节以及抽穗至成熟期具有较高的作物生长速率;抽穗期具有较高的光合速率。上述结果表明,不同耐盐性水稻产量差异,主要来源于分蘖期、穗分化期与抽穗期的耐盐生理差异,这些生育时期是决定水稻穗数、穗粒数、结实率的关键时期。耐盐水稻在这些关键生育时期的良好生理表现是这些水稻品种获得高产的基础。该研究结果对水稻耐盐生理机制研究与水稻耐盐育种有借鉴意义。展开更多
A major challenge in modern rice production is to achieve the dual goals of high yield and good quality with low environmental costs.This study was designed to determine whether optimized nitrogen(N)fertilization coul...A major challenge in modern rice production is to achieve the dual goals of high yield and good quality with low environmental costs.This study was designed to determine whether optimized nitrogen(N)fertilization could fulfill these multiple goals.In two-year experiments,two high yielding‘super’rice cultivars were grown with different N fertilization management regimes,including zero N input,local farmers’practice(LFP)with heavy N inputs,and optimized N fertilization(ONF).In ONF,by reducing N input,increasing planting density,and optimizing the ratio of urea application at different stages,N use efficiency and the physicochemical and textural properties of milled rice were improved at higher yield levels.Compared with LFP,yield and partial factor productivity of applied N(PFP)under ONF were increased(on average)by 1.70 and 13.06%,respectively.ONF increased starch and amylose content,and significantly decreased protein content.The contents of the short chains of A chain(degree of polymerization(DP)6-12)and B1 chain(DP 13-25)of amylopectin were significantly increased under ONF,which resulted in a decrease in the stability of rice starch crystals.ONF increased viscosity values and improved the thermodynamic properties of starch,which resulted in better eating and cooking quality of the rice.Thus,ONF could substantially compensate the negative effects caused by N fertilizer and achieve the multiple goals of higher grain quality and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)at high yield levels.These results will be useful for applications of high quality rice production at high yield levels.展开更多
文摘旨在阐明耐盐性不同水稻的产量对盐胁迫的响应及其生理特性。本研究以5个耐盐水稻品种和两个盐敏感水稻品种为材料,设置了5个不同盐浓度处理(0、1、2、2.5和3 g kg^(-1))。结果表明,相较于盐敏感水稻,耐盐水稻能够耐受更高浓度的盐胁迫(2.5 g kg^(-1)),且产量受盐胁迫减产幅度较小。耐盐水稻品种具有较高的产量,得益于其较高的总颖花量和结实率。与盐敏感品种相比,耐盐水稻品种叶片,在分蘖中期、穗分化期、抽穗期,具有较高的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,较高的果糖、海藻糖、山梨醇、脯氨酸等有机渗透调节物质含量,较高的K;/Na;值;分蘖至拔节以及抽穗至成熟期具有较高的作物生长速率;抽穗期具有较高的光合速率。上述结果表明,不同耐盐性水稻产量差异,主要来源于分蘖期、穗分化期与抽穗期的耐盐生理差异,这些生育时期是决定水稻穗数、穗粒数、结实率的关键时期。耐盐水稻在这些关键生育时期的良好生理表现是这些水稻品种获得高产的基础。该研究结果对水稻耐盐生理机制研究与水稻耐盐育种有借鉴意义。
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071943 and 31872853)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China (PAPD)
文摘A major challenge in modern rice production is to achieve the dual goals of high yield and good quality with low environmental costs.This study was designed to determine whether optimized nitrogen(N)fertilization could fulfill these multiple goals.In two-year experiments,two high yielding‘super’rice cultivars were grown with different N fertilization management regimes,including zero N input,local farmers’practice(LFP)with heavy N inputs,and optimized N fertilization(ONF).In ONF,by reducing N input,increasing planting density,and optimizing the ratio of urea application at different stages,N use efficiency and the physicochemical and textural properties of milled rice were improved at higher yield levels.Compared with LFP,yield and partial factor productivity of applied N(PFP)under ONF were increased(on average)by 1.70 and 13.06%,respectively.ONF increased starch and amylose content,and significantly decreased protein content.The contents of the short chains of A chain(degree of polymerization(DP)6-12)and B1 chain(DP 13-25)of amylopectin were significantly increased under ONF,which resulted in a decrease in the stability of rice starch crystals.ONF increased viscosity values and improved the thermodynamic properties of starch,which resulted in better eating and cooking quality of the rice.Thus,ONF could substantially compensate the negative effects caused by N fertilizer and achieve the multiple goals of higher grain quality and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)at high yield levels.These results will be useful for applications of high quality rice production at high yield levels.
