Objective:According to the World Federation of Medical Education,critical thinking should be part of the training of medical and paramedical students.Professionals can improve the quality of care of patients after sur...Objective:According to the World Federation of Medical Education,critical thinking should be part of the training of medical and paramedical students.Professionals can improve the quality of care of patients after surgery by having or acquiring this skill in health care.Also,Emotional intelligence is introduced as an impor tant and effective factor on the professional performance and mental health of healthcare professionals.Thus,the present study was designed and implemented to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and critical thinking among operating room nursing students of medical sciences universities in Iran.Methods:This cross-sectional study was done on 420 operating room students in 10 top medical sciences universities of Iran in 2022.The sampling method in this research was multistage sampling.The data collection instruments included demographic characteristics,Rickett's critical thinking,and Bradberry-Greaves'emotional intelligence questionnaires.After receiving the ethics code,data collection was done for 2 months.For data analysis,descriptive and inferential analyses including independent t-tests,analysis of variance,and Pearson correlation were used.The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 18(IBM Corporation,Armonk,New York,United States).P-value<0.05 was considered significant.Results:The mean age of the students participating in this study was 23.02±3.70 years,with women constituting 67.4%of them.The results of data analysis indicated that the mean total score of critical thinking and emotional intelligence was 124.10±37.52 and 114.12±43.63,respectively.A direct significant correlation between critical thinking and emotional intelligence(r=0.459,P-value<0.001)and a significant relationship between gender and emotional intelligence(P-value=0.028)were found.Conclusions:Based on the present study results,educational managers in the Ministry of Health are suggested to consider suitable educational programs for improving critical thinking and emotional intelligence to enhance the quality of care provided by students in operating rooms.展开更多
The study area (Bandar Abbas area) is located in the Zagros fold-thrust belt as part of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt as seismically active belt. This area is located between the Makran accretionary prism and Oma...The study area (Bandar Abbas area) is located in the Zagros fold-thrust belt as part of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt as seismically active belt. This area is located between the Makran accretionary prism and Oman Mountains from east and the Zagros collision belt from west as transition zone. The Zagros fold-thrust belt from the viewpoint of seismicity, is very active and Iran’s major earthquake-prone area. The study area has main active faults and some high magnitude earthquakes occurred in current century. Because the Bandar Abbas area has high seismic activity, the main goal of this research is prepared to earthquake hazard zonation and identify hazardous seismic zones, based on Decision Support System method for define active seismotectonic in this area. The seismotectonic study has been done in 30 - 100 km radius, for Bandar Abbas area. In this research, we used Decision Support System method by in corporate and combine essential data such as seismic data from 1900-2015, Digital Elevation Model of the study area (DEM), surface geology, seismicity parameters, soil classification and location main faults. In this research the Decision Support System (DSS) base on GIS database is used for calculate seismicity parameters. Based on the relative risk of earthquake zonation map, the Bandar Abbas area is located from the north to the East and from the South to the East, in area with high seismic risk (with Orange color). Some small regions with very high relative seismic risk have been limited to these areas with high risk. Also from north to west and from south to west “the study area” is located mainly in the area with earthquake relative risk of in areas with moderate and low relative risk of earthquakes. In the far southwestern region of the study, the small area is located in an area with high and very high seismic relative risk and this case may be due to the activity of the Mountain Front Fault (MFF) and Zagros Fore deep Fault (ZFF). Finally, the study area has been affected by active faults and it causes high vulnerability of the study area in the face of a possible occurrence of earthquakes. Based on of Seismotectonic investigations, there are existed minor faults of the Zagros fault from East to West and in the middle part. This case has been caused some parts in the study area with low and moderate seismic risk to be considered in the face of possible earthquakes and seismic damages, as an area with high seismic risk.展开更多
The Gavbast anticline is located in the Coastal Fars area of the Zagros folded belt, with north-south trend. The study anticline is restricted to the Bavush and Paskhand anticlines from North, the Gezzeh and Dehnow an...The Gavbast anticline is located in the Coastal Fars area of the Zagros folded belt, with north-south trend. The study anticline is restricted to the Bavush and Paskhand anticlines from North, the Gezzeh and Dehnow anticlines from South, the Varavi anticline from West and Nakh anticline from East (Figure 1). Description of fold geometry is important because they allow comparisons within and between folds and pattern-recognition in addition to occurrence and distribution of fold systems. The main goal of this paper is to define folding style of the Gavbast anticline and define structural features affected on them in the study area. In this research, we used the Tectonics FP software, Global Mapper software and geological maps and reports of Iranian National Oil Company. In addition, we used common classification of fold for indicating of folding mechanism of the Tabnak anticlinal structure. In the Gavbast anticline, fold style elements in all parts of this anticline have been calculated and analyzed for indicating of folding style mechanism. The results of this method have been shown the folding geometry changes accurately. The Gavbast anticline is gentle in structural sections D-D' and G-G' to K-K'. The anticline is an open fold in the L-L' section. Also fold type in the E-E' and F-F' sections of the Gavbast anticline is steeply inclined sub-horizontal. These sections are located between the Razak (western part) and Hendurabi fault (eastern part). It seems that E-E' and F-F' parts in the Gavbast anticline have been suffered most deformation affected by the Razak and Hendurabi faults. At the end of, it seems that, the Razak and Hendurabi faults have major effects on folding style. This structure is a very good sample for effect of strike slip faults on the folding geometry and for this reason;the Gavbast anticline is considered a special structural style in the Zagros fold-thrust Belt.展开更多
The Zagros fold-thrust belt in Iran is home to one of the enormous petroleum producing reservoirs in the word. The Tabnak gas field in this belt is one of the enormous sweet gas fields that discovered on the land. Thi...The Zagros fold-thrust belt in Iran is home to one of the enormous petroleum producing reservoirs in the word. The Tabnak gas field in this belt is one of the enormous sweet gas fields that discovered on the land. This anticlinal structure is located in the Coastal Fars sub-basin and is bounded from North by the Varavi gas field, from South by the Kuh-e Madar anticline, from East by Assaluyeh gas field and from West by Kuh-e Dehnow anticline. Its length is about 80 km and width is about 15 km. This structure is asymmetric anticline and is located with irregular near the Assaluyeh gas field. The Tabnak gas field is deepest structure between anticlines in the Coastal Fars area. This gas field has a special place for accommodating the enormous Hydrocarbon resources and for this reason, it is very important for Iran country. In this structure, the Dashtak, Kangan and upper Dalan Formations have Hydrocarbon. Analysis and description of fold style elements are essential for structural studies. Based on this case, the comparison of the fold styles and folding mechanism is possible. The main aim in this research is the analysis of the fold style elements of the Tabnak anticline for determining the folding pattern and tectonic regime on this structure. This case has very important for Hydrocarbon exploration between gas fields in the Fars area. In this research, we used the Tectonics FP software, Global Mapper software and geological maps and reports of Iranian National Oil Company. In addition, we used common classification of fold for indicating folding mechanism of the Tabnak anticlinal structure. Based on analysis of the fold style elements, the Tabnak anticlinal structure has variation in fold style. This structure has three different fold styles in different parts. The changes of fold axis, axial plane characteristics and fold classification confirmed several fold styles in different parts of the Tabnak anticline. These changes are observed specially in B-B', F-F' and G-G' sections of this anticline. It seems that these parts have been suffered more deformation in the study anticline. In addition, based on interlimb and folding angle, fold type is close type in all of parts. The close type required more accuracy, because the close type may be ensigns of complication regime. In the study area, G-G' and F-F' section of the Tabnak gas field probable show folding style changes have been affected by Gavbandy Paleo-high.展开更多
Typically situated posterolateral in the spinal canal, intraspinal facet cysts often cause radicular symptoms. Rarely, the midline location of these synovial or ganglion cysts may cause thecal sac compression leading ...Typically situated posterolateral in the spinal canal, intraspinal facet cysts often cause radicular symptoms. Rarely, the midline location of these synovial or ganglion cysts may cause thecal sac compression leading to neurogenic claudication or cauda equina syndrome. This article summarizes the clinical presentation, radiographic appearance, and management of three intraspinal, midline facet cysts. Three patients with symptomatic midline intraspinal facet cysts were retrospectively reviewed. Documented clinical visits, operative notes, histopathology reports, and imaging findings were investigated for each patient. One patient presented with neurogenic claudication while two patients developed partial, subacute cauda equina syndrome. All 3 patients initially responded favorably to lumbar decompression and midline cyst resection; however, one patient required surgical stabilization 8 mo later. Following the three case presentations, we performed a thorough literature search in order to identify articles describing intraspinal cystic lesions in lateral or midline locations. Midline intraspinal facet cysts represent an uncommon cause of lumbar stenosis and thecal sac compression. Such entities should enter the differential diagnosis of midline posterior cystic lesions. Midline cysts causing thecal sac compression respond favorably to lumbar surgical decompression and cyst resection. Though laminectomy is a commonly performed operation, stabilization may be required in cases of spondylolisthesis or instability.展开更多
The study area is located in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt of Iran and in the interior Fars sub-basin (175 km from Persian Gulf). The Zagros fold-thrust belt is home to one of the largest petroleum producing reservoir...The study area is located in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt of Iran and in the interior Fars sub-basin (175 km from Persian Gulf). The Zagros fold-thrust belt is home to one of the largest petroleum producing reservoirs in the world. Structures in this area have complications and the study anticline has unique structures in the Fars region. In the study area, the Kuh-e Qazi anticline due to special fold style and rotation toward Northeast is the unique structure between anticlines of the Zagros belt. This anticline is fault bend fold and plunge of the anticline in eastern part rotated toward Northeast along with the Nezamabad fault trend. In this area, the Kuh-e Qazi anticline has asymmetric structures and some faults such as the Nezamabad and the Sarvestan strike slip fault effect on this anticline. The geometry of anticlines in the Zagros fold-thrust belt is affected by the type of deformation and mechanical behavior of stratigraphic units specially detachment units. The purpose of this research is to determine of folding pattern of the Kuh-e Qazi anticline and define structural features affected on them in the study area. This paper presents a part of the results of a regional study of the Fars province in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt, based on original fieldwork, satellite images, structural sections, geological maps and well data. Also, we use some software as Global Mapper and Tectonics FP for preparing some data.?Based on the research, which have been done, the boundary between ductile and frictional substrates causes rotation as a result of lateral, along-strike migration of the ductile substrate. The ductile or viscose layer in the study area is Hormuz Series. Due to lack or thinning of Hormuz salt over the Gavbandi basement high and in the eastern side of the Nezamabad basement fault, causes translation of strain and anticlockwise rotation in Southeast of the Kuh-e Qazi anticline toward Northwest unlike foreland basin due to the Nezamabad fault activity. This style between all of the anticlines in the study area is unique that rotates unlike foreland basin. In addition, influence on anticlockwise rotation, extensional stress has been created and then salt dome cropping out in Southeast of the Kuh-Qazi anticline. One of the best evidence for effect of extensional stress is triangular facets in this part of the study anticline. Based on folding analysis (geometry of axial plane and fold orientation), it is clearly confirmed that the translation of strain and anticlockwise rotation in Southeast of the Kuh-e Qazi anticline toward Northwest has been formed by basement fault activity as the Nezamabad fault in the boundary between ductile and frictional substrates of the study area.展开更多
The Kuh-e Siah anticline is located in the Sarvestan area of the Fars province (186 km to Persian Gulf) and Interior Fars sub basin. This anticline is a fault bend fold and is located in the Sarvestan fault zone with ...The Kuh-e Siah anticline is located in the Sarvestan area of the Fars province (186 km to Persian Gulf) and Interior Fars sub basin. This anticline is a fault bend fold and is located in the Sarvestan fault zone with Northwest-Southeast trend. The Sarvestan fault zone has caused main deformation by dextral strike slip activity in southern part of the Zagros fold-thrust belt. The main aim of this paper is to determine of fold style elements and folding pattern of the Kuh-e Siah anticline. This paper presents part of the results of a regional study of the Fars province in the Zagros Simply folded belt, based on original fieldwork, satellite images, structural sections, geological maps and well data. In addition, we used some software as Global Mapper and Tectonics FP for prepared some data. Folds, which are close sideways, are neutral and these require special attention. It is remarkable that, in all sections of the Kuh-e Siah anticline, fold type is close and in the middle part of the anticline, fold type is different with other parts. In the middle part, fold type is upright-moderately gently plunging. On the other hand, in northwestern and southeastern parts fold type is similar together. These results maybe show that fold style follow that fold sigmoidal shape that created with two-fault segment of the Sarvestan fault zone in the study area. Therefore, it seems that the Kuh-e Siah anticline has suffered high deformation in the Sarvestan fault zone and this fault zone has created shear zone.展开更多
The Study area is located in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt of Iran and in the interior Fars sub-basin. The Khaftar anticline is located in the West, North-West of Jahrom city in the Fars province (148 km distance from...The Study area is located in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt of Iran and in the interior Fars sub-basin. The Khaftar anticline is located in the West, North-West of Jahrom city in the Fars province (148 km distance from Persian Gulf). The trend of Khaftar anticline has three orientations, consist of North-Northeast, East-West and South-Southwest. This anticline has asymmetric structure and some faults with large strike separation observed in this anticline. In the study area, stratigraphic units are affected by many faults in this area. Also one salt plug cropping out in the middle part of the Khaftar anticline. Maybe this salt plug affected on the stratigraphic units and geometry of structure. Description of fold geometry is important because it allows comparisons within and between folds and allow us to recognize patterns in the occurrence and distribution of fold systems. The main aim of this paper is determination of fold style elements and folding pattern of the Khaftar anticline. This paper presents a part of the results of a regional study of the Fars province in the Zagros Simply folded belt, based on satellite images, geological maps, and well data. Some data, such as geological maps and geological regional data were prepared and provided by the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC). Because of the Khaftar anticline, has complex structure, the analysis of fold style elements is seems necessary. Therefore, in further studies on this structure the changes of fold style elements will be analyzed and investigated from east to west in the different parts of this anticline. The activity of Nezamabad sinistral strike slip fault in the Khaftar anticline causes changes of axial plane characteristics and fold axis. Some of the results such as folding style analysis, how position of salt plug, changes of fold type and main structural changes (rotation of fold axis and 2.5 km displacement in this anticline) show main changes in the middle parts of the Khaftar anticline. It seems that, these changes have formed by activity of the Nezamabad fault and this fault’s activity same as fault zone.展开更多
The Khalfani anticline is located in the Coastal Fars (Zagros, adjacent Persian Gulf). This anticline with Northwest-Southeast trend is a fault bend fold. In the study area, the Khalfani anticline has increased elevat...The Khalfani anticline is located in the Coastal Fars (Zagros, adjacent Persian Gulf). This anticline with Northwest-Southeast trend is a fault bend fold. In the study area, the Khalfani anticline has increased elevation from West to East with three distinct humps. The major faults in the study area are the Hendurabi and the Razak sinistral strike slip faults. Because analysis of fold and their folding styles in different parts system is important, the analysis of folding style elements is necessary for structural studies. The main aim of this research is structural style analysis based on fold style elements in the Khalfani anticline. This analysis is important for progress in hydrocarbons exploration in the Coastal Fars area. In this research, we used Tectonics FP and Global Mapper Software for preparing some data in our study. In addition, we used the common classification of folds for our research. Based on given results, the folding pattern of this anticline has indicated that the fold style is same in different parts of the Khalfani anticline. In the study area, based on classifications of fold in different methods, fold style is same together. Fold, with close sideways requires special attention as structural view;then the Khalfani Anticline with close style in all parts has special deformation and folding style. It seems that in the study area, folding style and variation of structural style have been created by effect of the Razak and the Hendurabi sinistral strike slip fault. Because these faults are basement or deep-seated faults, special folding style and special deformation can be formed in the study area. In addition, the Khalfani anticline in the study area has restricted within the Razak and the Hendurabi sinistral strike slip faults.展开更多
The Pishvar anticline with Northwest-Southeast trend is located in the Sub-Coastal Fars area. This anticline with 80 Km length and 5 - 7 Km width is located in western part of the Lar area. The Pishvar anticline has t...The Pishvar anticline with Northwest-Southeast trend is located in the Sub-Coastal Fars area. This anticline with 80 Km length and 5 - 7 Km width is located in western part of the Lar area. The Pishvar anticline has two closures that are separated together by smooth down-warp. The oldest units that have outcropped on the surfaces are Asmari and Jahrom Formations. The most faults that observed on the Pishvar anticline are Normal fault. In the study area, the Razak and Hendurabi faults are main faults. These faults are strike slip with sinistral displacement. This anticline has greater dip in Northern flank compared to Southern flank. In this research, the main aim is folding style analysis, based on Description of fold geometry for indicate hydrocarbon trap structure in the Pishvar anticline. Description of fold geometry is important because they allow comparisons within and between folds and pattern-recognition in addition to occurrence and distribution of fold systems. We used Tectonics FP and Global Mapper Software for prepared some data in our study. In addition, we used the common classification of folds for our research. Based on results, the folding pattern of this anticline has indicated the fold style has different type in different parts of the Pishvar anticline. According to fold style variation and deformation analysis from B-B’ to C-C’ parts of the study anticline, it seems that the location of the Razak sinistral strike slip fault has existed in this parts. Fold style change can show this case. In addition, fold style variation and deformation analysis from E-E’ to F-F’ parts of this anticline has been affected of the secondary fault that is related to the Razak sinistral strike slip fault. We introduced this fault for first time. Finally, Based on results in this research, in western part there is little probability for access to hydrocarbon trap in upper horizons, unless the exploratory drilling continues to the deeper horizons.展开更多
The study area is located in the Fars area (Interior Fars sub-basin). This area, which is part of the Zagros fold-thrust belt, is located in Zagros simple folded sub zone. It is known as one of the most important regi...The study area is located in the Fars area (Interior Fars sub-basin). This area, which is part of the Zagros fold-thrust belt, is located in Zagros simple folded sub zone. It is known as one of the most important regions in the world Gas rich. In this area, anticlinal folds are a different orientation of such as the North Western-South Eastern, East-West and North Eastern-South Western. The Karbasi and Khaftar anticlines are case study anticlines in the interior Fars sub-basin (Fassa area). The anticlines in the Fars region, which are located in the Zagros fold-thrust belt, are valuable because they possess several hydrocarbons. The main aim of this paper is evaluation of hydrocarbon potential in the Jahrom area (Interior Fars) based on interpretation of the Isopach maps and well data. This paper presents part of the results of a regional study of the Coastal Fars area in the Zagros Simply folded belt, based on original fieldwork, satellite images, structural sections, geological maps and well data. In order to investigate of periods Nezamabad fault activity, Isopach maps of the study area has been prepared based on well drilling data and the thickness of the drilled formations. In this study utilizes the thickness of the drilled formations in the study area, for each sedimentary unit was carried out to prepare Isopach maps. The Isopach map prepared based on GIS software method and exploration well data. The Nezamabad fault has been lacked of activity at the deposition time of the Dalan, Kangan, Dashtak, Fahliyan, Gadvan, Dariyan, Kazhdomi, Sarvak, Gurpi and Pabdeh formations within the Khaftar and Karbasi anticline area. Accordingly, changes in basin floor, at the time of sedimentation these formations has not been affected by the Nezamabad fault. Probably the Nezamabad fault has been activated during deposition of the Surmeh, Hith, Laffan and Ilam formations and in this area paleo-basin has been controlled by this fault. In other words, it seems that, activity of the Nezamabad fault in this area have been limited to Jurassic and Cretaceous periods (Coniacian and Senomanian). This can means that in this periods time, the Nezamabad fault have been active sedimentation along with tectonic processes and activities affected on thickness of the Surmeh, Hith, Laffan and Ilam formations. Finally, it seems that the Nezamabad Fault activity has been affected on the source rock, reservoir rock and cap rock and then controlled distributing of hydrocarbon System of the study area in the Khaftar and Karbasi as anticlinal oil traps.展开更多
Human papilloma virus(HPV) is sexually transmitted and associated with uterine cervix, vaginal, and vulvar cancers in females, oropharyngeal and anal cancer in both genders, and penile cancer in males. Moreover, genit...Human papilloma virus(HPV) is sexually transmitted and associated with uterine cervix, vaginal, and vulvar cancers in females, oropharyngeal and anal cancer in both genders, and penile cancer in males. Moreover, genital warts are benign tumors which are HPV-related and can occur in both genders. This is a review of HPV structure, HPV infection transmission, the global impact of HPV and its associated diseases, HPV vaccines and their efficacy and safety, public acceptance of HPV vaccines, the obstacles for its acceptance and strategies to address the barriers. Cervarix(a bivalent vaccine with protection against HPV types 16 and 18) and Gardasil(a quadrivalent vaccine with protection against HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18) are 2 recommended vaccines. The longest follow up of 9.4 years has shown efficacy and protection of the vaccine against HPV types 16 and 18. The adverse effects have been minimal and the vaccine is considered safe. Numerous studies are conducted to follow the vaccinated individuals to better understand the effect of HPV vaccine on incidence of HPV-related cancers and precancerous lesions.展开更多
文摘Objective:According to the World Federation of Medical Education,critical thinking should be part of the training of medical and paramedical students.Professionals can improve the quality of care of patients after surgery by having or acquiring this skill in health care.Also,Emotional intelligence is introduced as an impor tant and effective factor on the professional performance and mental health of healthcare professionals.Thus,the present study was designed and implemented to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and critical thinking among operating room nursing students of medical sciences universities in Iran.Methods:This cross-sectional study was done on 420 operating room students in 10 top medical sciences universities of Iran in 2022.The sampling method in this research was multistage sampling.The data collection instruments included demographic characteristics,Rickett's critical thinking,and Bradberry-Greaves'emotional intelligence questionnaires.After receiving the ethics code,data collection was done for 2 months.For data analysis,descriptive and inferential analyses including independent t-tests,analysis of variance,and Pearson correlation were used.The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 18(IBM Corporation,Armonk,New York,United States).P-value<0.05 was considered significant.Results:The mean age of the students participating in this study was 23.02±3.70 years,with women constituting 67.4%of them.The results of data analysis indicated that the mean total score of critical thinking and emotional intelligence was 124.10±37.52 and 114.12±43.63,respectively.A direct significant correlation between critical thinking and emotional intelligence(r=0.459,P-value<0.001)and a significant relationship between gender and emotional intelligence(P-value=0.028)were found.Conclusions:Based on the present study results,educational managers in the Ministry of Health are suggested to consider suitable educational programs for improving critical thinking and emotional intelligence to enhance the quality of care provided by students in operating rooms.
文摘The study area (Bandar Abbas area) is located in the Zagros fold-thrust belt as part of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt as seismically active belt. This area is located between the Makran accretionary prism and Oman Mountains from east and the Zagros collision belt from west as transition zone. The Zagros fold-thrust belt from the viewpoint of seismicity, is very active and Iran’s major earthquake-prone area. The study area has main active faults and some high magnitude earthquakes occurred in current century. Because the Bandar Abbas area has high seismic activity, the main goal of this research is prepared to earthquake hazard zonation and identify hazardous seismic zones, based on Decision Support System method for define active seismotectonic in this area. The seismotectonic study has been done in 30 - 100 km radius, for Bandar Abbas area. In this research, we used Decision Support System method by in corporate and combine essential data such as seismic data from 1900-2015, Digital Elevation Model of the study area (DEM), surface geology, seismicity parameters, soil classification and location main faults. In this research the Decision Support System (DSS) base on GIS database is used for calculate seismicity parameters. Based on the relative risk of earthquake zonation map, the Bandar Abbas area is located from the north to the East and from the South to the East, in area with high seismic risk (with Orange color). Some small regions with very high relative seismic risk have been limited to these areas with high risk. Also from north to west and from south to west “the study area” is located mainly in the area with earthquake relative risk of in areas with moderate and low relative risk of earthquakes. In the far southwestern region of the study, the small area is located in an area with high and very high seismic relative risk and this case may be due to the activity of the Mountain Front Fault (MFF) and Zagros Fore deep Fault (ZFF). Finally, the study area has been affected by active faults and it causes high vulnerability of the study area in the face of a possible occurrence of earthquakes. Based on of Seismotectonic investigations, there are existed minor faults of the Zagros fault from East to West and in the middle part. This case has been caused some parts in the study area with low and moderate seismic risk to be considered in the face of possible earthquakes and seismic damages, as an area with high seismic risk.
文摘The Gavbast anticline is located in the Coastal Fars area of the Zagros folded belt, with north-south trend. The study anticline is restricted to the Bavush and Paskhand anticlines from North, the Gezzeh and Dehnow anticlines from South, the Varavi anticline from West and Nakh anticline from East (Figure 1). Description of fold geometry is important because they allow comparisons within and between folds and pattern-recognition in addition to occurrence and distribution of fold systems. The main goal of this paper is to define folding style of the Gavbast anticline and define structural features affected on them in the study area. In this research, we used the Tectonics FP software, Global Mapper software and geological maps and reports of Iranian National Oil Company. In addition, we used common classification of fold for indicating of folding mechanism of the Tabnak anticlinal structure. In the Gavbast anticline, fold style elements in all parts of this anticline have been calculated and analyzed for indicating of folding style mechanism. The results of this method have been shown the folding geometry changes accurately. The Gavbast anticline is gentle in structural sections D-D' and G-G' to K-K'. The anticline is an open fold in the L-L' section. Also fold type in the E-E' and F-F' sections of the Gavbast anticline is steeply inclined sub-horizontal. These sections are located between the Razak (western part) and Hendurabi fault (eastern part). It seems that E-E' and F-F' parts in the Gavbast anticline have been suffered most deformation affected by the Razak and Hendurabi faults. At the end of, it seems that, the Razak and Hendurabi faults have major effects on folding style. This structure is a very good sample for effect of strike slip faults on the folding geometry and for this reason;the Gavbast anticline is considered a special structural style in the Zagros fold-thrust Belt.
文摘The Zagros fold-thrust belt in Iran is home to one of the enormous petroleum producing reservoirs in the word. The Tabnak gas field in this belt is one of the enormous sweet gas fields that discovered on the land. This anticlinal structure is located in the Coastal Fars sub-basin and is bounded from North by the Varavi gas field, from South by the Kuh-e Madar anticline, from East by Assaluyeh gas field and from West by Kuh-e Dehnow anticline. Its length is about 80 km and width is about 15 km. This structure is asymmetric anticline and is located with irregular near the Assaluyeh gas field. The Tabnak gas field is deepest structure between anticlines in the Coastal Fars area. This gas field has a special place for accommodating the enormous Hydrocarbon resources and for this reason, it is very important for Iran country. In this structure, the Dashtak, Kangan and upper Dalan Formations have Hydrocarbon. Analysis and description of fold style elements are essential for structural studies. Based on this case, the comparison of the fold styles and folding mechanism is possible. The main aim in this research is the analysis of the fold style elements of the Tabnak anticline for determining the folding pattern and tectonic regime on this structure. This case has very important for Hydrocarbon exploration between gas fields in the Fars area. In this research, we used the Tectonics FP software, Global Mapper software and geological maps and reports of Iranian National Oil Company. In addition, we used common classification of fold for indicating folding mechanism of the Tabnak anticlinal structure. Based on analysis of the fold style elements, the Tabnak anticlinal structure has variation in fold style. This structure has three different fold styles in different parts. The changes of fold axis, axial plane characteristics and fold classification confirmed several fold styles in different parts of the Tabnak anticline. These changes are observed specially in B-B', F-F' and G-G' sections of this anticline. It seems that these parts have been suffered more deformation in the study anticline. In addition, based on interlimb and folding angle, fold type is close type in all of parts. The close type required more accuracy, because the close type may be ensigns of complication regime. In the study area, G-G' and F-F' section of the Tabnak gas field probable show folding style changes have been affected by Gavbandy Paleo-high.
文摘Typically situated posterolateral in the spinal canal, intraspinal facet cysts often cause radicular symptoms. Rarely, the midline location of these synovial or ganglion cysts may cause thecal sac compression leading to neurogenic claudication or cauda equina syndrome. This article summarizes the clinical presentation, radiographic appearance, and management of three intraspinal, midline facet cysts. Three patients with symptomatic midline intraspinal facet cysts were retrospectively reviewed. Documented clinical visits, operative notes, histopathology reports, and imaging findings were investigated for each patient. One patient presented with neurogenic claudication while two patients developed partial, subacute cauda equina syndrome. All 3 patients initially responded favorably to lumbar decompression and midline cyst resection; however, one patient required surgical stabilization 8 mo later. Following the three case presentations, we performed a thorough literature search in order to identify articles describing intraspinal cystic lesions in lateral or midline locations. Midline intraspinal facet cysts represent an uncommon cause of lumbar stenosis and thecal sac compression. Such entities should enter the differential diagnosis of midline posterior cystic lesions. Midline cysts causing thecal sac compression respond favorably to lumbar surgical decompression and cyst resection. Though laminectomy is a commonly performed operation, stabilization may be required in cases of spondylolisthesis or instability.
文摘The study area is located in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt of Iran and in the interior Fars sub-basin (175 km from Persian Gulf). The Zagros fold-thrust belt is home to one of the largest petroleum producing reservoirs in the world. Structures in this area have complications and the study anticline has unique structures in the Fars region. In the study area, the Kuh-e Qazi anticline due to special fold style and rotation toward Northeast is the unique structure between anticlines of the Zagros belt. This anticline is fault bend fold and plunge of the anticline in eastern part rotated toward Northeast along with the Nezamabad fault trend. In this area, the Kuh-e Qazi anticline has asymmetric structures and some faults such as the Nezamabad and the Sarvestan strike slip fault effect on this anticline. The geometry of anticlines in the Zagros fold-thrust belt is affected by the type of deformation and mechanical behavior of stratigraphic units specially detachment units. The purpose of this research is to determine of folding pattern of the Kuh-e Qazi anticline and define structural features affected on them in the study area. This paper presents a part of the results of a regional study of the Fars province in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt, based on original fieldwork, satellite images, structural sections, geological maps and well data. Also, we use some software as Global Mapper and Tectonics FP for preparing some data.?Based on the research, which have been done, the boundary between ductile and frictional substrates causes rotation as a result of lateral, along-strike migration of the ductile substrate. The ductile or viscose layer in the study area is Hormuz Series. Due to lack or thinning of Hormuz salt over the Gavbandi basement high and in the eastern side of the Nezamabad basement fault, causes translation of strain and anticlockwise rotation in Southeast of the Kuh-e Qazi anticline toward Northwest unlike foreland basin due to the Nezamabad fault activity. This style between all of the anticlines in the study area is unique that rotates unlike foreland basin. In addition, influence on anticlockwise rotation, extensional stress has been created and then salt dome cropping out in Southeast of the Kuh-Qazi anticline. One of the best evidence for effect of extensional stress is triangular facets in this part of the study anticline. Based on folding analysis (geometry of axial plane and fold orientation), it is clearly confirmed that the translation of strain and anticlockwise rotation in Southeast of the Kuh-e Qazi anticline toward Northwest has been formed by basement fault activity as the Nezamabad fault in the boundary between ductile and frictional substrates of the study area.
文摘The Kuh-e Siah anticline is located in the Sarvestan area of the Fars province (186 km to Persian Gulf) and Interior Fars sub basin. This anticline is a fault bend fold and is located in the Sarvestan fault zone with Northwest-Southeast trend. The Sarvestan fault zone has caused main deformation by dextral strike slip activity in southern part of the Zagros fold-thrust belt. The main aim of this paper is to determine of fold style elements and folding pattern of the Kuh-e Siah anticline. This paper presents part of the results of a regional study of the Fars province in the Zagros Simply folded belt, based on original fieldwork, satellite images, structural sections, geological maps and well data. In addition, we used some software as Global Mapper and Tectonics FP for prepared some data. Folds, which are close sideways, are neutral and these require special attention. It is remarkable that, in all sections of the Kuh-e Siah anticline, fold type is close and in the middle part of the anticline, fold type is different with other parts. In the middle part, fold type is upright-moderately gently plunging. On the other hand, in northwestern and southeastern parts fold type is similar together. These results maybe show that fold style follow that fold sigmoidal shape that created with two-fault segment of the Sarvestan fault zone in the study area. Therefore, it seems that the Kuh-e Siah anticline has suffered high deformation in the Sarvestan fault zone and this fault zone has created shear zone.
文摘The Study area is located in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt of Iran and in the interior Fars sub-basin. The Khaftar anticline is located in the West, North-West of Jahrom city in the Fars province (148 km distance from Persian Gulf). The trend of Khaftar anticline has three orientations, consist of North-Northeast, East-West and South-Southwest. This anticline has asymmetric structure and some faults with large strike separation observed in this anticline. In the study area, stratigraphic units are affected by many faults in this area. Also one salt plug cropping out in the middle part of the Khaftar anticline. Maybe this salt plug affected on the stratigraphic units and geometry of structure. Description of fold geometry is important because it allows comparisons within and between folds and allow us to recognize patterns in the occurrence and distribution of fold systems. The main aim of this paper is determination of fold style elements and folding pattern of the Khaftar anticline. This paper presents a part of the results of a regional study of the Fars province in the Zagros Simply folded belt, based on satellite images, geological maps, and well data. Some data, such as geological maps and geological regional data were prepared and provided by the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC). Because of the Khaftar anticline, has complex structure, the analysis of fold style elements is seems necessary. Therefore, in further studies on this structure the changes of fold style elements will be analyzed and investigated from east to west in the different parts of this anticline. The activity of Nezamabad sinistral strike slip fault in the Khaftar anticline causes changes of axial plane characteristics and fold axis. Some of the results such as folding style analysis, how position of salt plug, changes of fold type and main structural changes (rotation of fold axis and 2.5 km displacement in this anticline) show main changes in the middle parts of the Khaftar anticline. It seems that, these changes have formed by activity of the Nezamabad fault and this fault’s activity same as fault zone.
文摘The Khalfani anticline is located in the Coastal Fars (Zagros, adjacent Persian Gulf). This anticline with Northwest-Southeast trend is a fault bend fold. In the study area, the Khalfani anticline has increased elevation from West to East with three distinct humps. The major faults in the study area are the Hendurabi and the Razak sinistral strike slip faults. Because analysis of fold and their folding styles in different parts system is important, the analysis of folding style elements is necessary for structural studies. The main aim of this research is structural style analysis based on fold style elements in the Khalfani anticline. This analysis is important for progress in hydrocarbons exploration in the Coastal Fars area. In this research, we used Tectonics FP and Global Mapper Software for preparing some data in our study. In addition, we used the common classification of folds for our research. Based on given results, the folding pattern of this anticline has indicated that the fold style is same in different parts of the Khalfani anticline. In the study area, based on classifications of fold in different methods, fold style is same together. Fold, with close sideways requires special attention as structural view;then the Khalfani Anticline with close style in all parts has special deformation and folding style. It seems that in the study area, folding style and variation of structural style have been created by effect of the Razak and the Hendurabi sinistral strike slip fault. Because these faults are basement or deep-seated faults, special folding style and special deformation can be formed in the study area. In addition, the Khalfani anticline in the study area has restricted within the Razak and the Hendurabi sinistral strike slip faults.
文摘The Pishvar anticline with Northwest-Southeast trend is located in the Sub-Coastal Fars area. This anticline with 80 Km length and 5 - 7 Km width is located in western part of the Lar area. The Pishvar anticline has two closures that are separated together by smooth down-warp. The oldest units that have outcropped on the surfaces are Asmari and Jahrom Formations. The most faults that observed on the Pishvar anticline are Normal fault. In the study area, the Razak and Hendurabi faults are main faults. These faults are strike slip with sinistral displacement. This anticline has greater dip in Northern flank compared to Southern flank. In this research, the main aim is folding style analysis, based on Description of fold geometry for indicate hydrocarbon trap structure in the Pishvar anticline. Description of fold geometry is important because they allow comparisons within and between folds and pattern-recognition in addition to occurrence and distribution of fold systems. We used Tectonics FP and Global Mapper Software for prepared some data in our study. In addition, we used the common classification of folds for our research. Based on results, the folding pattern of this anticline has indicated the fold style has different type in different parts of the Pishvar anticline. According to fold style variation and deformation analysis from B-B’ to C-C’ parts of the study anticline, it seems that the location of the Razak sinistral strike slip fault has existed in this parts. Fold style change can show this case. In addition, fold style variation and deformation analysis from E-E’ to F-F’ parts of this anticline has been affected of the secondary fault that is related to the Razak sinistral strike slip fault. We introduced this fault for first time. Finally, Based on results in this research, in western part there is little probability for access to hydrocarbon trap in upper horizons, unless the exploratory drilling continues to the deeper horizons.
文摘The study area is located in the Fars area (Interior Fars sub-basin). This area, which is part of the Zagros fold-thrust belt, is located in Zagros simple folded sub zone. It is known as one of the most important regions in the world Gas rich. In this area, anticlinal folds are a different orientation of such as the North Western-South Eastern, East-West and North Eastern-South Western. The Karbasi and Khaftar anticlines are case study anticlines in the interior Fars sub-basin (Fassa area). The anticlines in the Fars region, which are located in the Zagros fold-thrust belt, are valuable because they possess several hydrocarbons. The main aim of this paper is evaluation of hydrocarbon potential in the Jahrom area (Interior Fars) based on interpretation of the Isopach maps and well data. This paper presents part of the results of a regional study of the Coastal Fars area in the Zagros Simply folded belt, based on original fieldwork, satellite images, structural sections, geological maps and well data. In order to investigate of periods Nezamabad fault activity, Isopach maps of the study area has been prepared based on well drilling data and the thickness of the drilled formations. In this study utilizes the thickness of the drilled formations in the study area, for each sedimentary unit was carried out to prepare Isopach maps. The Isopach map prepared based on GIS software method and exploration well data. The Nezamabad fault has been lacked of activity at the deposition time of the Dalan, Kangan, Dashtak, Fahliyan, Gadvan, Dariyan, Kazhdomi, Sarvak, Gurpi and Pabdeh formations within the Khaftar and Karbasi anticline area. Accordingly, changes in basin floor, at the time of sedimentation these formations has not been affected by the Nezamabad fault. Probably the Nezamabad fault has been activated during deposition of the Surmeh, Hith, Laffan and Ilam formations and in this area paleo-basin has been controlled by this fault. In other words, it seems that, activity of the Nezamabad fault in this area have been limited to Jurassic and Cretaceous periods (Coniacian and Senomanian). This can means that in this periods time, the Nezamabad fault have been active sedimentation along with tectonic processes and activities affected on thickness of the Surmeh, Hith, Laffan and Ilam formations. Finally, it seems that the Nezamabad Fault activity has been affected on the source rock, reservoir rock and cap rock and then controlled distributing of hydrocarbon System of the study area in the Khaftar and Karbasi as anticlinal oil traps.
文摘Human papilloma virus(HPV) is sexually transmitted and associated with uterine cervix, vaginal, and vulvar cancers in females, oropharyngeal and anal cancer in both genders, and penile cancer in males. Moreover, genital warts are benign tumors which are HPV-related and can occur in both genders. This is a review of HPV structure, HPV infection transmission, the global impact of HPV and its associated diseases, HPV vaccines and their efficacy and safety, public acceptance of HPV vaccines, the obstacles for its acceptance and strategies to address the barriers. Cervarix(a bivalent vaccine with protection against HPV types 16 and 18) and Gardasil(a quadrivalent vaccine with protection against HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18) are 2 recommended vaccines. The longest follow up of 9.4 years has shown efficacy and protection of the vaccine against HPV types 16 and 18. The adverse effects have been minimal and the vaccine is considered safe. Numerous studies are conducted to follow the vaccinated individuals to better understand the effect of HPV vaccine on incidence of HPV-related cancers and precancerous lesions.
