Objectives:Although many studies have suggested the anticancer properties of Galium verum,there is still no accurate information regarding its side effects on normal cells.Accordingly,this study aimed to investigate t...Objectives:Although many studies have suggested the anticancer properties of Galium verum,there is still no accurate information regarding its side effects on normal cells.Accordingly,this study aimed to investigate the dual effects of the whole Galium verummethanolic extract on the normal human fibroblast cell line(AGO)cell line at different concentrations.Methods:The cell line was randomly divided into a control group and groups exposed to concentrations of 12.5 to 400μg/mL.Extraction was performed by the maceration method.In addition,the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide(MTT)method was applied to measure cytotoxicity and flow cytometry.Further,BCL2 associated X(BAX)andB-cell lymphoma 2(BCL2)genes were expressed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate apoptosis and reactive oxygen species(ROS).Finally,data were compared between groups using a one-way analysis of variance.Results:A significant reduction was observed in the cell viability of 90%at a concentration of 400μg/mL compared to the control.In comparison,a significant increase was reported in cell viability at concentrations of 25-200μg/mL(P<0.0001).Furthermore,there was a significant 2.87-time increase in apoptosis compared to the control group(P<0.0001),but no significant differences were reported in cellular phases.ROS increased significantly by 5.7 times(P<0.05),and a significant 80-fold increase was found in the BAX/BCL2gene ratio(P<0.05).Conclusion:The whole methanolic extract could lower the viability of human fibroblasts at 400μg/mL and more by increasing apoptosis,thereby increasing BAX/BCL2gene expression and ROS production.However,the extract exerted an increased effect on cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner on AGO and increased cell growth at concentrations less than 400μg/mL,highlighting different effects of the whole extract on the AGO cell line.展开更多
文摘Objectives:Although many studies have suggested the anticancer properties of Galium verum,there is still no accurate information regarding its side effects on normal cells.Accordingly,this study aimed to investigate the dual effects of the whole Galium verummethanolic extract on the normal human fibroblast cell line(AGO)cell line at different concentrations.Methods:The cell line was randomly divided into a control group and groups exposed to concentrations of 12.5 to 400μg/mL.Extraction was performed by the maceration method.In addition,the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide(MTT)method was applied to measure cytotoxicity and flow cytometry.Further,BCL2 associated X(BAX)andB-cell lymphoma 2(BCL2)genes were expressed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate apoptosis and reactive oxygen species(ROS).Finally,data were compared between groups using a one-way analysis of variance.Results:A significant reduction was observed in the cell viability of 90%at a concentration of 400μg/mL compared to the control.In comparison,a significant increase was reported in cell viability at concentrations of 25-200μg/mL(P<0.0001).Furthermore,there was a significant 2.87-time increase in apoptosis compared to the control group(P<0.0001),but no significant differences were reported in cellular phases.ROS increased significantly by 5.7 times(P<0.05),and a significant 80-fold increase was found in the BAX/BCL2gene ratio(P<0.05).Conclusion:The whole methanolic extract could lower the viability of human fibroblasts at 400μg/mL and more by increasing apoptosis,thereby increasing BAX/BCL2gene expression and ROS production.However,the extract exerted an increased effect on cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner on AGO and increased cell growth at concentrations less than 400μg/mL,highlighting different effects of the whole extract on the AGO cell line.
