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Equivalence of String Classical and Quantum Energy beside Equivalence of Wave Packet and Relativistic Velocity in Eucleadian and Curved Space
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作者 Mashair Ahmed Mohammed Yousif Abeer Mohammed Khairy Ahmed +5 位作者 zainab mustapha kurawa Omer A. M. Elnor Mubarak Dirar Abd-Alla Yagoub Ibrahim Mohammed Elfaki El-Tahir Mohammed Idriss Ahmed Zoalnoon Ahmed Abeid Allah Saad 《Natural Science》 2020年第7期520-525,共6页
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Plank quantum and classical string energy relations seem to be uncorrelated. This work correlated them. The relativistic energy-momentum relation has been used togeth... <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Plank quantum and classical string energy relations seem to be uncorrelated. This work correlated them. The relativistic energy-momentum relation has been used together with plank and de Brogglie hypothesis to prove that the wave group velocity is equal to the particle velocity in both ordinary and curved space. The plank energy relation is shown also to be related to the classical energy relation of an oscillating string. Starting from plank energy relation for n photons and performing integration, the expression of classical string energy was obtained. This means that one can treat electromagnetic waves as a collection of continuous photons having frequencies ranging from zero to w. Conversely, starting from classical string energy relation by differentiating it with respect to angular frequency, the plank quantum energy for n photons has been found. This means that the quanta results from separation of electromagnetic waves to single isolated waves. Each wave consists of n photons or quanta.</span> 展开更多
关键词 Plank Energy Classical Energy String Quanta PHOTONS Electromagnetic Waves Curved Space Group Velocity Wave Packet
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Determination of Photon and Elementary Particles Rest Masses Using Maxwell’s Equations and Generalized Potential Dependent Special Relativity
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作者 Abeer Mohammed Khairy Ahmed Mashair Ahmed Mohammed Yousif +5 位作者 zainab mustapha kurawa Zoalnoon Ahmed Abeid Allah Saad Suhair Salih Makawy Mohammed Idriss Mohammed Mubarak Dirar Abd-Alla Sami Abdalla Elbadawi Mohamed 《Natural Science》 2020年第8期588-598,共11页
The nature and origin of the photon and elementary rest masses are some of the challeng-ing problems that physics face. The approaches used to solve these problems are complex and time-consuming. Specifically, the pho... The nature and origin of the photon and elementary rest masses are some of the challeng-ing problems that physics face. The approaches used to solve these problems are complex and time-consuming. Specifically, the photon rest mass pays attention to theoretical physi-cists. Many experimental works show that the photon rest mass is non zero. This problem can be solved using generalized potential dependent special relativity, which has been de-rived using simple arguments, and Maxwell’s equations, besides the conventional Einstein energy-momentum relation. The results obtained show that the rest mass of photons and elementary particles are strongly dependent on the vacuum energy and a universal con-stant. This result conforms with the models that predict time decaying vacuum energy as-sociated with production of smaller rest mass particles followed by larger masses. The two potential dependent mass expressions conform with the cosmological models that suggest the photon is generated first by assuming the universe consisting of total constant vacuum with decaying cosmological part and mass generating part. Using Maxwell’s equations, beside plank and De Broglie hypothesis together with special relativity energy-momentum relation the photon rest mass is estimated. It was shown that the photon rest mass is ex-tremely small compared to the electron mass. 展开更多
关键词 PHOTON Elementary Particles Maxwell’s Equations Potential Dependent Special Relativity Vacuum Energy
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