Light is a fundamental environmental factor for living organisms on earth—not only as a primary energy source but also as an informational signal.In fungi,light can be used as an indicator for both time and space to ...Light is a fundamental environmental factor for living organisms on earth—not only as a primary energy source but also as an informational signal.In fungi,light can be used as an indicator for both time and space to control important physiological and morphological responses.Botrytis cinerea(B.cinerea)is a devastating phytopathogenic fungus that exploits light cues to optimize virulence and the balance between conidiation and sclerotia development,thereby improving its dispersal and survival in ecosystems.However,the components and mechanisms underlying these processes remain obscure.Here,we identify a novel light-signaling component in B.cinerea,BcCfaS,which encodes a putative cyclopropane fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase.BcCfaS is strongly induced by light at the transcriptional level and plays a crucial role in regulating photomorphogenesis.Deletion of BcCfaS results in reduced vegetative growth,altered colony morphology,impaired sclerotial development,and enhanced conidiation in a lightdependent manner.Moreover,the mutant exhibits serious defects in stress response and virulence on the host.Based on a lipidomics analysis,a number of previously unknown fungal lipids and many BcCfaS-regulated lipids are identified in B.cinerea,including several novel phospholipids and fatty acids.Importantly,we find that BcCfaS controls conidiation and sclerotial development by positively regulating methyl jasmonate(MeJA)synthesis to activate the transcription of light-signaling components,revealing for the first time the metabolic base of photomorphogenesis in fungi.Thus,we propose that BcCfaS serves as an integration node for light and lipid metabolism,thereby providing a regulatory mechanism by which fungi adapt their development to a changing light environment.These new findings provide an important target for antifungal design to prevent and control fungal disease.展开更多
The separation of aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures is crucial in the petrochemical industry.Pervaporation is regarded as a promising approach for the separation of aromatic compounds from alkanes. Developing me...The separation of aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures is crucial in the petrochemical industry.Pervaporation is regarded as a promising approach for the separation of aromatic compounds from alkanes. Developing membrane materials with efficient separation performance is still the main task since the membrane should provide chemical stability, high permeation flux, and selectivity. In this study, the hyperbranched polymer(HBP) was deposited on the outer surface of a polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)hollow-fiber ultrafiltration membrane by a facile dip-coating method. The dip-coating rate, HBP concentration, and thermal cross-linking temperature were regulated to optimize the membrane structure.The obtained HBP/PVDF hollow-fiber-composite membrane had a good separation performance for aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures. For the 50%/50%(mass) toluene/n-heptane mixture, the permeation flux of optimized composite membranes could reach 1766 g·m^(-2)·h^(-1), with a separation factor of 4.1 at 60℃. Therefore, the HBP/PVDF hollow-fiber-composite membrane has great application prospects in the pervaporation separation of aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures.展开更多
Fresh fruits are highly valued by consumers worldwide,owing to their delicious flavors,abundant nutrients,and health-promoting characteristics,and as such,fruits make up an important component of a healthy diet.The po...Fresh fruits are highly valued by consumers worldwide,owing to their delicious flavors,abundant nutrients,and health-promoting characteristics,and as such,fruits make up an important component of a healthy diet.The postharvest quality and safety of fresh fruit involve complex interactions among the fruit,environmental factors,and postharvest pathogens.Efficient regulation of fruit senescence and pathogen resistance,as well as disease-causing abilities of postharvest pathogens,is critical to understanding the fundamental mechanisms that underlie fruit quality and safety.This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advances and currently available strategies for maintaining fruit quality and controlling major postharvest pathogens,mainly Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum,which may promote sustainable and environmental-friendly development of the fruit industry.展开更多
Sugars are fundamental metabolites synthesized in leaves and further delivered to fruit in fruit crops.They not only provide"sweetness"as fruit quality traits,but also function as signaling molecules to modu...Sugars are fundamental metabolites synthesized in leaves and further delivered to fruit in fruit crops.They not only provide"sweetness"as fruit quality traits,but also function as signaling molecules to modulate the responses of fruit to environmental stimuli.Therefore,the understanding to the molec-ular basis for sugar metabolism and transport is crucial for improving fruit quality and dissecting responses to abiotic/biotic factors.Here,we provide a review for mol ecular components involved in sugar metabolism and transport,crostalk with hormone signaling and the roles of sugars in responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.Moreover,we also envisage the strategies for optimizing sugar metabolism during fruit quality maintenance.展开更多
Hydrogenation technology is an indispensable chemical upgrading process for converting the heavy feedstock into favorable lighter products.In this work,a new kinetic model containing four hydrocarbon lumps(feedstock,d...Hydrogenation technology is an indispensable chemical upgrading process for converting the heavy feedstock into favorable lighter products.In this work,a new kinetic model containing four hydrocarbon lumps(feedstock,diesel,gasoline,cracking gas)was developed to describe the coal tar hydrogenation process,the Levenberg–Marquardt’s optimization algorithm was used to determine the kinetic parameters by minimizing the sum of square errors between experimental and calculated data,the predictions from model validation showed a good agreement with experimental values.Subsequently,an adiabatic reactor model based on proposed lumped kinetic model was constructed to further investigate the performance of hydrogenation fixed-bed units,the mass balance and energy balance within the phases in the reactor were taken into accounts in the form of ordinary differential equation.An application of the reactor model was performed for simulating the actual bench-scale plant of coal tar hydrogenation,the simulated results on the products yields and temperatures distribution along with the reactor are shown to be good consistent with the experimental data.展开更多
This study explored the combined use of the O-arm and real-time navigation during spinal fixation. The clinical data for 60 patients undergoing spinal fixation, at Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital between May 5, 2...This study explored the combined use of the O-arm and real-time navigation during spinal fixation. The clinical data for 60 patients undergoing spinal fixation, at Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital between May 5, 2015 and May 1, 2017, were retrospectively analyzed. Pre-, intra-, and postoperative imaging findings were assessed. The patients were classified into the occipitocervical fusion(32 cases) and thoracic/lumbar/sacral spine fixation(28 cases, including 6 cases of percutaneous pedicle screw) groups. Lesion resections were performed microscopically. An O-arm, combined with real-time navigation, was used to assess spinal fixation. Efficacy was evaluated using operative times, X-ray times, screw positioning, and complications. Within the occipitocervical fusion group, 182 screws were placed in the cervical spine and 96 in the occipital bone. However, 6 screws penetrated the bone cortex and were adjacent to the vertebral arteries, based on O-arm three-dimensional imaging; therefore, the precision rate was 96.7%. Within the thoracic/lumbar/sacral spine fixation group, 148 pedicle screws were implanted, with 4 initially outside the vertebral body,yielding a precision rate of 97.3%. Ten percutaneous pedicle screws were implanted and well positioned. O-arm scans were performed 3 times/patient, with an average of 20–30 min/time. Screw implantation times were 5–7 min(cervical spine), 8–10 min(thoracic spine), and 6–8 min(lumbar spine). Intraoperative O-arm scans, combined with real-time navigation technology, allow real-time observation of screw angles and depths, improving the accuracy and safety of posterior screw fixations and reducing the radiation dose and frequency experienced by patients and surgeons.展开更多
Schwannomas are the most common type of spinal tumor, and they most commonly occur in intradural extramedullary locations. Intramedullary schwannomas of the central nervous system are very rare and are difficult to di...Schwannomas are the most common type of spinal tumor, and they most commonly occur in intradural extramedullary locations. Intramedullary schwannomas of the central nervous system are very rare and are difficult to diagnose using preoperative imaging. Here, we report a rare, tiny cervical intramedullary schwannoma and review the literature regarding the clinical presentation, magnetic resonance imaging, pathology,and surgical experience associated with this rare tumor type.展开更多
Spinal ependymomas(SEs) are common adult intramedullary tumors; however,determining the absolute boundary between the tumor and the tumor residual may be difficult. We assessed outcomes following the use of fluorescei...Spinal ependymomas(SEs) are common adult intramedullary tumors; however,determining the absolute boundary between the tumor and the tumor residual may be difficult. We assessed outcomes following the use of fluorescein sodium(FS) during surgical removal of SEs. We performed a retrospective analysis of 112 patients with SEs who were treated at Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital between December 2014 and December 2016. Each patient received intravenous FS(3–4 mg/kg) to determine the SE boundaries during surgery. Tumor removal efficiencies and tumor residuals were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) at 10 days and 3 months after surgical recovery; McC ormick's spinal function classification was also performed at the 3-month follow-up. The complete tumor removal rate was 92%(103/112). Ninetyfour patients underwent tumor removal under fluorescent light, which provided distinctive tumor fluorescence. Tumor removal under white light was performed in18 patients; fluorescent images were invisible or indistinctive in these 18 patients. At the 3-month follow-up, sensory function(85.8%(91/106)) and movement(84.3%(86/102)) were improved in patients with pre-surgical dysfunction; urination and defecation functions were improved in 66.7%(16/24). The Mc Cormick spinal cord functional classifications, at the 3-month follow-up, showed significant differences in the percentages of patients with disease classified to each grade(I–IV), compared with preoperative classifications(each, P < 0.05). There was no MRI evidence of tumor relapse or residuals at the 3-month follow-up. FS use during the surgical treatment of SE enables complete tumor removal and detection of tumor residuals.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31930086 and 32172642)the National Key Research and Development(R&D)Program of China(2016YFD0400902 and 2021YFD2100505).
文摘Light is a fundamental environmental factor for living organisms on earth—not only as a primary energy source but also as an informational signal.In fungi,light can be used as an indicator for both time and space to control important physiological and morphological responses.Botrytis cinerea(B.cinerea)is a devastating phytopathogenic fungus that exploits light cues to optimize virulence and the balance between conidiation and sclerotia development,thereby improving its dispersal and survival in ecosystems.However,the components and mechanisms underlying these processes remain obscure.Here,we identify a novel light-signaling component in B.cinerea,BcCfaS,which encodes a putative cyclopropane fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase.BcCfaS is strongly induced by light at the transcriptional level and plays a crucial role in regulating photomorphogenesis.Deletion of BcCfaS results in reduced vegetative growth,altered colony morphology,impaired sclerotial development,and enhanced conidiation in a lightdependent manner.Moreover,the mutant exhibits serious defects in stress response and virulence on the host.Based on a lipidomics analysis,a number of previously unknown fungal lipids and many BcCfaS-regulated lipids are identified in B.cinerea,including several novel phospholipids and fatty acids.Importantly,we find that BcCfaS controls conidiation and sclerotial development by positively regulating methyl jasmonate(MeJA)synthesis to activate the transcription of light-signaling components,revealing for the first time the metabolic base of photomorphogenesis in fungi.Thus,we propose that BcCfaS serves as an integration node for light and lipid metabolism,thereby providing a regulatory mechanism by which fungi adapt their development to a changing light environment.These new findings provide an important target for antifungal design to prevent and control fungal disease.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22178008, 22125801)Petrochina (2022DJ6004)。
文摘The separation of aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures is crucial in the petrochemical industry.Pervaporation is regarded as a promising approach for the separation of aromatic compounds from alkanes. Developing membrane materials with efficient separation performance is still the main task since the membrane should provide chemical stability, high permeation flux, and selectivity. In this study, the hyperbranched polymer(HBP) was deposited on the outer surface of a polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)hollow-fiber ultrafiltration membrane by a facile dip-coating method. The dip-coating rate, HBP concentration, and thermal cross-linking temperature were regulated to optimize the membrane structure.The obtained HBP/PVDF hollow-fiber-composite membrane had a good separation performance for aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures. For the 50%/50%(mass) toluene/n-heptane mixture, the permeation flux of optimized composite membranes could reach 1766 g·m^(-2)·h^(-1), with a separation factor of 4.1 at 60℃. Therefore, the HBP/PVDF hollow-fiber-composite membrane has great application prospects in the pervaporation separation of aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures.
基金This study was supported by project funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31530057,31930086,31672210,31722043,and 31671910).
文摘Fresh fruits are highly valued by consumers worldwide,owing to their delicious flavors,abundant nutrients,and health-promoting characteristics,and as such,fruits make up an important component of a healthy diet.The postharvest quality and safety of fresh fruit involve complex interactions among the fruit,environmental factors,and postharvest pathogens.Efficient regulation of fruit senescence and pathogen resistance,as well as disease-causing abilities of postharvest pathogens,is critical to understanding the fundamental mechanisms that underlie fruit quality and safety.This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advances and currently available strategies for maintaining fruit quality and controlling major postharvest pathogens,mainly Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum,which may promote sustainable and environmental-friendly development of the fruit industry.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31930086,32072637).
文摘Sugars are fundamental metabolites synthesized in leaves and further delivered to fruit in fruit crops.They not only provide"sweetness"as fruit quality traits,but also function as signaling molecules to modulate the responses of fruit to environmental stimuli.Therefore,the understanding to the molec-ular basis for sugar metabolism and transport is crucial for improving fruit quality and dissecting responses to abiotic/biotic factors.Here,we provide a review for mol ecular components involved in sugar metabolism and transport,crostalk with hormone signaling and the roles of sugars in responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.Moreover,we also envisage the strategies for optimizing sugar metabolism during fruit quality maintenance.
基金the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(PRIKY15013 and 2015D-5006-0406)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21808223).
文摘Hydrogenation technology is an indispensable chemical upgrading process for converting the heavy feedstock into favorable lighter products.In this work,a new kinetic model containing four hydrocarbon lumps(feedstock,diesel,gasoline,cracking gas)was developed to describe the coal tar hydrogenation process,the Levenberg–Marquardt’s optimization algorithm was used to determine the kinetic parameters by minimizing the sum of square errors between experimental and calculated data,the predictions from model validation showed a good agreement with experimental values.Subsequently,an adiabatic reactor model based on proposed lumped kinetic model was constructed to further investigate the performance of hydrogenation fixed-bed units,the mass balance and energy balance within the phases in the reactor were taken into accounts in the form of ordinary differential equation.An application of the reactor model was performed for simulating the actual bench-scale plant of coal tar hydrogenation,the simulated results on the products yields and temperatures distribution along with the reactor are shown to be good consistent with the experimental data.
基金Supported by the Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Fund(No.12015C1045)
文摘This study explored the combined use of the O-arm and real-time navigation during spinal fixation. The clinical data for 60 patients undergoing spinal fixation, at Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital between May 5, 2015 and May 1, 2017, were retrospectively analyzed. Pre-, intra-, and postoperative imaging findings were assessed. The patients were classified into the occipitocervical fusion(32 cases) and thoracic/lumbar/sacral spine fixation(28 cases, including 6 cases of percutaneous pedicle screw) groups. Lesion resections were performed microscopically. An O-arm, combined with real-time navigation, was used to assess spinal fixation. Efficacy was evaluated using operative times, X-ray times, screw positioning, and complications. Within the occipitocervical fusion group, 182 screws were placed in the cervical spine and 96 in the occipital bone. However, 6 screws penetrated the bone cortex and were adjacent to the vertebral arteries, based on O-arm three-dimensional imaging; therefore, the precision rate was 96.7%. Within the thoracic/lumbar/sacral spine fixation group, 148 pedicle screws were implanted, with 4 initially outside the vertebral body,yielding a precision rate of 97.3%. Ten percutaneous pedicle screws were implanted and well positioned. O-arm scans were performed 3 times/patient, with an average of 20–30 min/time. Screw implantation times were 5–7 min(cervical spine), 8–10 min(thoracic spine), and 6–8 min(lumbar spine). Intraoperative O-arm scans, combined with real-time navigation technology, allow real-time observation of screw angles and depths, improving the accuracy and safety of posterior screw fixations and reducing the radiation dose and frequency experienced by patients and surgeons.
基金Supported by the Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Fund(No.12015C1044)
文摘Schwannomas are the most common type of spinal tumor, and they most commonly occur in intradural extramedullary locations. Intramedullary schwannomas of the central nervous system are very rare and are difficult to diagnose using preoperative imaging. Here, we report a rare, tiny cervical intramedullary schwannoma and review the literature regarding the clinical presentation, magnetic resonance imaging, pathology,and surgical experience associated with this rare tumor type.
基金Supported by the Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Fund(No.12015C1045)
文摘Spinal ependymomas(SEs) are common adult intramedullary tumors; however,determining the absolute boundary between the tumor and the tumor residual may be difficult. We assessed outcomes following the use of fluorescein sodium(FS) during surgical removal of SEs. We performed a retrospective analysis of 112 patients with SEs who were treated at Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital between December 2014 and December 2016. Each patient received intravenous FS(3–4 mg/kg) to determine the SE boundaries during surgery. Tumor removal efficiencies and tumor residuals were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) at 10 days and 3 months after surgical recovery; McC ormick's spinal function classification was also performed at the 3-month follow-up. The complete tumor removal rate was 92%(103/112). Ninetyfour patients underwent tumor removal under fluorescent light, which provided distinctive tumor fluorescence. Tumor removal under white light was performed in18 patients; fluorescent images were invisible or indistinctive in these 18 patients. At the 3-month follow-up, sensory function(85.8%(91/106)) and movement(84.3%(86/102)) were improved in patients with pre-surgical dysfunction; urination and defecation functions were improved in 66.7%(16/24). The Mc Cormick spinal cord functional classifications, at the 3-month follow-up, showed significant differences in the percentages of patients with disease classified to each grade(I–IV), compared with preoperative classifications(each, P < 0.05). There was no MRI evidence of tumor relapse or residuals at the 3-month follow-up. FS use during the surgical treatment of SE enables complete tumor removal and detection of tumor residuals.
