Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a malignancy with a high incidence and fatality rate worldwide.Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is one of the most important risk factors for its occurrence and development.Early detecti...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a malignancy with a high incidence and fatality rate worldwide.Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is one of the most important risk factors for its occurrence and development.Early detection of HBV-associated HCC(HBV-HCC)can improve clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.Biomarkers are extremely helpful,not only for early diagnosis,but also for the development of therapeutics.MicroRNAs(miRNAs),a subset of non-coding RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides in length,have increasingly attracted scientists’attention due to their potential utility as biomarkers for cancer detection and therapy.HBV profoundly impacts the expression of miRNAs potentially involved in the development of hepatocarcinogenesis.In this review,we summarize the current progress on the role of miRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of HBV-HCC.From a molecular standpoint,we discuss the mechanism by which HBV regulates miRNAs and investigate the exact effect of miRNAs on the promotion of HCC.In the near future,miRNA-based diagnostic,prognostic,and therapeutic applications will make their way into the clinical routine.展开更多
The high terrain of the Tibetan Plateau(TP)has a very important impact on the weather and climate of China,East Asia,South Asia,and even the Northern Hemisphere.However,in recent years,the reasons for the decrease in ...The high terrain of the Tibetan Plateau(TP)has a very important impact on the weather and climate of China,East Asia,South Asia,and even the Northern Hemisphere.However,in recent years,the reasons for the decrease in precipitation in the southeastern edge of the plateau have resulted in cutting-edge research regarding the impact of the TP and its surrounding areas on downstream weather and climate.In this study,the spatial and temporal distribution of surface heat flux and precipitation were analyzed from 1998 to 2022,and the possible mechanism of the decrease of precipitation in the eastern edge of the plateau is explored.The main conclusions are as follows:The annual average sensible heat flux in the TP and its east side is positive,with an average of 33.73 W/m^(2).The annual average latent heat flux is positive,with an average of 42.71 W/m^(2).Precipitation has a similar annual average and seasonal distribution,with modest amounts in the northwest and substantial amounts in the southeast.The average annual accumulated precipitation is 670.69 mm.The first mode of the Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF)shows that sensible heat flux decreases first,then increases,and then finally decreases during 1998–2022.The modes show the opposite trend in middle part of the plateau.The latent heat flux initially decreases,then increases,and finally decreases in the western plateau and near Sichuan Basin.The mode,however,displays the opposite tendency throughout the rest of the region.The precipitation in the north and south sides of the plateau has decreased since 2013,which is consistent with the changing trend of sensible heat flux.In the rest of the region,the change trend is not obvious.The sensible heat of the main body of the plateau and its east side and Sichuan Basin is negatively correlated with precipitation,that is,when sensible heat flux of the main body of the plateau and its east side and Sichuan Basin is more(less),local precipitation is less(more).The latent heat of the main body of the plateau and its east side,Sichuan Basin is positively correlated with precipitation,indicating that when latent heat flux of the main body of the plateau and its east side,Sichuan Basin is more(less),local precipitation is more(less).展开更多
Bio-based human computer interface (HCI) has attracted more and more attention of researches all over the world in recent years. In this paper, a HCI system which based on electrooculogram (EOG) is proposed. It transf...Bio-based human computer interface (HCI) has attracted more and more attention of researches all over the world in recent years. In this paper, a HCI system which based on electrooculogram (EOG) is proposed. It transforms electrical po-tentials recorded by horizontal and vertical EOG into a computer in order to control external equipment. The system consists of EOG acqui-sition unit, EOG pattern recognition part and control command output unit. Three plane elec-trodes are employed to detect EOG signals, which contain the information related to the eye blinking and vertical (or horizontal) eye move-ments referred to pre-designed command table. An online signal processing algorithm is de-signed to get the command information con-tained in EOG signals, and these commands could be used to control the computer or other instruments. Based on this HCI system, the remote control experiments driven by EOG are realized.展开更多
Independent Component Analysis (ICA) was often used to separate movement related independent components (MRICs) from Electroencephalogram (EEG) data.?However, to obtain robust spatial filters, complex characteristic f...Independent Component Analysis (ICA) was often used to separate movement related independent components (MRICs) from Electroencephalogram (EEG) data.?However, to obtain robust spatial filters, complex characteristic features, which were manually selected in most cases, have been commonly used. This study proposed a new simple algorithm to extract MRICs automatically, which just utilized the spatial distribution pattern of ICs. The main goal of this study was to show the relationship between spatial filters performance and designing samples. The EEG data which contain?mixed brain states (preparing, motor imagery and rest) were used to design spatial filters. Meanwhile, the single class data was also used to calculate spatial filters to assess whether the MRICs extracted on different class motor imagery spatial filters are similar. Furthermore, the spatial filters constructed on one subject’s EEG data were applied to extract the others’ MRICs. Finally, the different spatial filters were then applied to single-trial EEG to extract MRICs, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers were used to discriminate left hand、right-hand and foot imagery movements of BCI Competition IV Dataset 2a, which recorded four motor imagery data of nine subjects. The results suggested that any segment of finite motor imagery EEG samples could be used to design ICA spatial filters, and the extracted MRICs are consistent if the position of electrodes are the same, which confirmed the robustness and practicality of ICA used in the motor imagery Brain Computer Interfaces (MI-BCI) systems.展开更多
Human endogenous retroviruses(HERVs)are remnants of retroviral infections in human germline cells from millions of years ago.Among these,ERVW-1(also known as HERV-W-ENV,ERVWE1,or ENVW)encodes the envelope protein of t...Human endogenous retroviruses(HERVs)are remnants of retroviral infections in human germline cells from millions of years ago.Among these,ERVW-1(also known as HERV-W-ENV,ERVWE1,or ENVW)encodes the envelope protein of the HERV-W family,which contributes to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.Additionally,neuropathological studies have revealed cell death and disruption of iron homeostasis in the brains of individuals with schizophrenia.Here,our bioinformatics analysis showed that differentially expressed genes in the human prefrontal cortex RNA microarray dataset(GSE53987)were mainly related to ferroptosis and its associated pathways.Clinical data demonstrated significantly lower expression levels of ferroptosis-related genes,particularly Glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)and solute carrier family 3 member 2(SLC3A2),in schizophrenia patients compared to normal controls.Further in-depth analyses revealed a significant negative correlation between ERVW-1 expression and the levels of GPX4/SLC3A2 in schizophrenia.Studies indicated that ERVW-1 increased iron levels,malondialdehyde(MDA),and transferrin receptor protein 1(TFR1)expression while decreasing glutathione(GSH)levels and triggering the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential,suggesting that ERVW-1 can induce ferroptosis.Ongoing research has shown that ERVW-1 reduced the expression of GPX4 and SLC3A2 by inhibiting their promoter activities.Moreover,Ferrostatin-1(Fer-1),the ferroptosis inhibitor,reversed the iron accumulation and mitochondrial membrane potential loss,as well as restored the expressions of ferroptosis markers GSH,MDA,and TFR1 induced by ERVW-1.In conclusion,ERVW-1 could promote ferroptosis by downregulating the expression of GPX4 and SLC3A2,revealing a novel mechanism by which ERVW-1 contributes to neuronal cell death in schizophrenia.展开更多
基金the Translational Medicine and Interdisciplinary Research Joint Fund of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University,No.ZNLH201902.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a malignancy with a high incidence and fatality rate worldwide.Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is one of the most important risk factors for its occurrence and development.Early detection of HBV-associated HCC(HBV-HCC)can improve clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.Biomarkers are extremely helpful,not only for early diagnosis,but also for the development of therapeutics.MicroRNAs(miRNAs),a subset of non-coding RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides in length,have increasingly attracted scientists’attention due to their potential utility as biomarkers for cancer detection and therapy.HBV profoundly impacts the expression of miRNAs potentially involved in the development of hepatocarcinogenesis.In this review,we summarize the current progress on the role of miRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of HBV-HCC.From a molecular standpoint,we discuss the mechanism by which HBV regulates miRNAs and investigate the exact effect of miRNAs on the promotion of HCC.In the near future,miRNA-based diagnostic,prognostic,and therapeutic applications will make their way into the clinical routine.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program(Grant No.2019QZKK0103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42230610)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(Grant No.2022NSFSC0217)National key research and development program of China(2017YFC1505702)Scientific Research Project of Chengdu University of Information Technology(KYTZ201721).
文摘The high terrain of the Tibetan Plateau(TP)has a very important impact on the weather and climate of China,East Asia,South Asia,and even the Northern Hemisphere.However,in recent years,the reasons for the decrease in precipitation in the southeastern edge of the plateau have resulted in cutting-edge research regarding the impact of the TP and its surrounding areas on downstream weather and climate.In this study,the spatial and temporal distribution of surface heat flux and precipitation were analyzed from 1998 to 2022,and the possible mechanism of the decrease of precipitation in the eastern edge of the plateau is explored.The main conclusions are as follows:The annual average sensible heat flux in the TP and its east side is positive,with an average of 33.73 W/m^(2).The annual average latent heat flux is positive,with an average of 42.71 W/m^(2).Precipitation has a similar annual average and seasonal distribution,with modest amounts in the northwest and substantial amounts in the southeast.The average annual accumulated precipitation is 670.69 mm.The first mode of the Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF)shows that sensible heat flux decreases first,then increases,and then finally decreases during 1998–2022.The modes show the opposite trend in middle part of the plateau.The latent heat flux initially decreases,then increases,and finally decreases in the western plateau and near Sichuan Basin.The mode,however,displays the opposite tendency throughout the rest of the region.The precipitation in the north and south sides of the plateau has decreased since 2013,which is consistent with the changing trend of sensible heat flux.In the rest of the region,the change trend is not obvious.The sensible heat of the main body of the plateau and its east side and Sichuan Basin is negatively correlated with precipitation,that is,when sensible heat flux of the main body of the plateau and its east side and Sichuan Basin is more(less),local precipitation is less(more).The latent heat of the main body of the plateau and its east side,Sichuan Basin is positively correlated with precipitation,indicating that when latent heat flux of the main body of the plateau and its east side,Sichuan Basin is more(less),local precipitation is more(less).
文摘锌焙砂中性浸出是湿法炼锌工艺流程的关键环节之一.通过单因素试验和正交试验考察了初始酸度、冲矿温度、浸出时间和焙砂粒度等因素对锌焙砂中浸的影响,试验结果得出较优工艺条件为:初始酸度50 g/L、冲矿温度65℃、反应时间60 min、焙砂粒度≤96μm;4个考察因素均对中浸渣含锌有极显著性影响,影响由大到小为焙砂粒度>初始酸度>反应温度>反应时间.某公司结合试验结果,实施了一系列技术改造:在锌精矿焙烧出料系统增加风选球磨装置,锌焙砂粒度降低至≤120μm;在中浸双沸腾浸出槽后以串联方式增加2个100 m 3搅拌反应罐,同时进行工艺流程再造.经改造前后的生产实践对比,中浸渣锌质量分数从28%~35%降低到22%~25%,中上清液质量持续稳定.
文摘Bio-based human computer interface (HCI) has attracted more and more attention of researches all over the world in recent years. In this paper, a HCI system which based on electrooculogram (EOG) is proposed. It transforms electrical po-tentials recorded by horizontal and vertical EOG into a computer in order to control external equipment. The system consists of EOG acqui-sition unit, EOG pattern recognition part and control command output unit. Three plane elec-trodes are employed to detect EOG signals, which contain the information related to the eye blinking and vertical (or horizontal) eye move-ments referred to pre-designed command table. An online signal processing algorithm is de-signed to get the command information con-tained in EOG signals, and these commands could be used to control the computer or other instruments. Based on this HCI system, the remote control experiments driven by EOG are realized.
文摘Independent Component Analysis (ICA) was often used to separate movement related independent components (MRICs) from Electroencephalogram (EEG) data.?However, to obtain robust spatial filters, complex characteristic features, which were manually selected in most cases, have been commonly used. This study proposed a new simple algorithm to extract MRICs automatically, which just utilized the spatial distribution pattern of ICs. The main goal of this study was to show the relationship between spatial filters performance and designing samples. The EEG data which contain?mixed brain states (preparing, motor imagery and rest) were used to design spatial filters. Meanwhile, the single class data was also used to calculate spatial filters to assess whether the MRICs extracted on different class motor imagery spatial filters are similar. Furthermore, the spatial filters constructed on one subject’s EEG data were applied to extract the others’ MRICs. Finally, the different spatial filters were then applied to single-trial EEG to extract MRICs, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers were used to discriminate left hand、right-hand and foot imagery movements of BCI Competition IV Dataset 2a, which recorded four motor imagery data of nine subjects. The results suggested that any segment of finite motor imagery EEG samples could be used to design ICA spatial filters, and the extracted MRICs are consistent if the position of electrodes are the same, which confirmed the robustness and practicality of ICA used in the motor imagery Brain Computer Interfaces (MI-BCI) systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82272321 and 81971943)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2042023kf0230)the Stanley Foundation from the Stanley Medical Research Institute(SMRI),United States(No.06R-1366).
文摘Human endogenous retroviruses(HERVs)are remnants of retroviral infections in human germline cells from millions of years ago.Among these,ERVW-1(also known as HERV-W-ENV,ERVWE1,or ENVW)encodes the envelope protein of the HERV-W family,which contributes to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.Additionally,neuropathological studies have revealed cell death and disruption of iron homeostasis in the brains of individuals with schizophrenia.Here,our bioinformatics analysis showed that differentially expressed genes in the human prefrontal cortex RNA microarray dataset(GSE53987)were mainly related to ferroptosis and its associated pathways.Clinical data demonstrated significantly lower expression levels of ferroptosis-related genes,particularly Glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)and solute carrier family 3 member 2(SLC3A2),in schizophrenia patients compared to normal controls.Further in-depth analyses revealed a significant negative correlation between ERVW-1 expression and the levels of GPX4/SLC3A2 in schizophrenia.Studies indicated that ERVW-1 increased iron levels,malondialdehyde(MDA),and transferrin receptor protein 1(TFR1)expression while decreasing glutathione(GSH)levels and triggering the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential,suggesting that ERVW-1 can induce ferroptosis.Ongoing research has shown that ERVW-1 reduced the expression of GPX4 and SLC3A2 by inhibiting their promoter activities.Moreover,Ferrostatin-1(Fer-1),the ferroptosis inhibitor,reversed the iron accumulation and mitochondrial membrane potential loss,as well as restored the expressions of ferroptosis markers GSH,MDA,and TFR1 induced by ERVW-1.In conclusion,ERVW-1 could promote ferroptosis by downregulating the expression of GPX4 and SLC3A2,revealing a novel mechanism by which ERVW-1 contributes to neuronal cell death in schizophrenia.
