Cancer initiation and development engage extremely complicated pathological processes which involve alterations of a large number of cell signaling cascades and functional networks in temporal and spatial orders. Duri...Cancer initiation and development engage extremely complicated pathological processes which involve alterations of a large number of cell signaling cascades and functional networks in temporal and spatial orders. During last decades, microR NAs(miR NAs), a class of noncoding RNAs, have emerged as critical players in cancer pathogenesis and progression by modulating many pathological aspects related to tumor development, growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. The major function of miR NAs is to post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression depending on recognition of complementary sequence residing in target mR NAs. Commonly, a particular mi RNA recognition sequence could be found in a number of genes, which allows a single miR-NA to regulate multiple functionally connected genes simultaneously and/or chronologically. Furthermore, a single gene can be targeted and regulated by multiple miR NAs. However, previous studies have demonstrated that mi RNA functions are highly context-dependent,which leads to distinct pathological outcomes in different types of cancer as well as at different stages by alteration of the same miR NA. Here we summarize recent progress in studies on miR NA function in cancer initiation, metastasis and therapeutic response, focusing on breast cancer. The varying functions of mi RNAs and potential application of using miR NAs as biomarkers as well as therapeutic approaches are further discussed in the context of different cancers.展开更多
In hard real-time systems, schedulability analysis is not only one of the important means of guaranteeing the timelines of embedded software but also one of the fundamental theories of applying other new techniques, s...In hard real-time systems, schedulability analysis is not only one of the important means of guaranteeing the timelines of embedded software but also one of the fundamental theories of applying other new techniques, such as energy savings and fault tolerance. However, most of the existing schedulability analysis methods assume that schedulers use preemptive scheduling or non-preemptive scheduling. In this paper, we present a schedulability analysis method, i.e., the worst-case hybrid scheduling (WCHS) algorithm, which considers the influence of release jitters of transactions and extends schedulability analysis theory to timing analysis of linear transactions under fixed priority hybrid scheduling. To the best of our knowledge, this method is the first one on timing analysis of linear transactions under hybrid scheduling. An example is employed to demonstrate the use of this method. Experiments show that this method has lower computational complexity while keeping correctness, and that hybrid scheduling has little influence on the average worst-case response time (WCRT), but a negative impact on the schedulability of systems.展开更多
Battery models are of great importance to develop portable computing systems,for whether the design of low power hardware architecture or the design of battery-aware scheduling policies.In this paper,we present a phys...Battery models are of great importance to develop portable computing systems,for whether the design of low power hardware architecture or the design of battery-aware scheduling policies.In this paper,we present a physically justified iterative computing method to illustrate the discharge,recovery and charge process of Li/Li-ion batteries.The discharge and recovery processes correspond well to an existing accurate analytical battery model:R-V-W's analytical model,and thus interpret this model algorithmically.Our method can also extend R-V-W's model easily to accommodate the charge process.The work will help the system designers to grasp the characteristics of R-V-W's battery model and also,enable to predict the battery behavior in the charge process in a uniform way as the discharge process and the recovery process.Experiments are performed to show the ac-curacy of the extended model by comparing the predicted charge times with those derived from the DUALFOIL simulations.Various profiles with different combinations of battery modes were tested.The experimental results show that the extended battery model preserves high accuracy in predicting the charge behavior.展开更多
Low-frequency noise（LFN） in all operation regions of amorphous indium zinc oxide（a-IZO） thin film transistors（TFTs） with an aluminum oxide gate insulator is investigated. Based on the LFN measured results, we ex...Low-frequency noise（LFN） in all operation regions of amorphous indium zinc oxide（a-IZO） thin film transistors（TFTs） with an aluminum oxide gate insulator is investigated. Based on the LFN measured results, we extract the distribution of localized states in the band gap and the spatial distribution of border traps in the gate dielectric,and study the dependence of measured noise on the characteristic temperature of localized states for a-IZO TFTs with Al2 O3 gate dielectric. Further study on the LFN measured results shows that the gate voltage dependent noise data closely obey the mobility fluctuation model, and the average Hooge＇s parameter is about 1.18×10^-3.Considering the relationship between the free carrier number and the field effect mobility, we simulate the LFN using the △N-△μ model, and the total trap density near the IZO/oxide interface is about 1.23×10^18 cm^-3eV^-1.展开更多
Owing to the numerous benefits,including low cost and great theoretical capacity,V3S4 has been a research hotspot for Li^(+)/Na^(+)/K^(+) storage.Nonetheless,the V_(3)S_(4) electrode with long cycling stability and hi...Owing to the numerous benefits,including low cost and great theoretical capacity,V3S4 has been a research hotspot for Li^(+)/Na^(+)/K^(+) storage.Nonetheless,the V_(3)S_(4) electrode with long cycling stability and high specific capacities continues to pose significant challenges.In this work,vacuum vulcanization is combined with electrospinning to synthesize V_(3)S_(4)/C composite nanofibers(V_(3)S_(4)@CNF).展开更多
Polymer binder plays a pivotal role in electrochemical performance of high-capacity silicon(Si)anode that usually suffers from severe capacity fading due to enormous substantial volume change of Si during cycling.In a...Polymer binder plays a pivotal role in electrochemical performance of high-capacity silicon(Si)anode that usually suffers from severe capacity fading due to enormous substantial volume change of Si during cycling.In an effort to find efficient polymer binder that could mitigate such capacity fading,alginate-carboxymethyl chitosan(Alg-C-chitosan)composite polymer was investigated as a low-cost watersoluble binder for silicon anodes in lithium-ion batteries.The electrostatic interaction between carboxylate(-COO-)of Alg and protonated amines(-NH3+)of C-chitosan forms a selfhealing porous scaffold structure.Synergistic effect on the enhanced porous scaffold structure and self-healing electrostatic interaction of Alg-C-chitosan binder effectively can tolerate the tremendous volume change of Si and maintain an integrated electrode structure during cycling process.The Si nanopowder electrodes with Alg-C-chitosan composite binder exhibit an excellent cycling stability,with a capacity of750 mAh·g-1 remaining after 100 th cycling.In addition,an extraordinary areal capacity of 3.76 mAh·cm-2 is achieved for Si-based anodes with Alg-C-chitosan binder.展开更多
Smart cars are promising application domain for ubiquitous computing. Context-awareness is the key feature of a smart car for safer and easier driving. Despite many industrial innovations and academic progresses have ...Smart cars are promising application domain for ubiquitous computing. Context-awareness is the key feature of a smart car for safer and easier driving. Despite many industrial innovations and academic progresses have been made, we find a lack of fully context-aware smart cars. This study presents a general architecture of smart cars from the viewpoint of context- awareness. A hierarchical context model is proposed for description of the complex driving environment. A smart car prototype including software platform and hardware infrastructures is built to provide the running environment for the context model and applications. Two performance metrics were evaluated: accuracy of the context situation recognition and efficiency of the smart car. The whole response time of context situation recognition is nearly 1.4 s for one person, which is acceptable for non-time critical applications in a smart car.展开更多
Silicon materials have attracted wide attention as negative materials due to exceptional gravimetric capacity and abundance. The strategy of using nano-silicon materials as structural units to construct nano/micro-str...Silicon materials have attracted wide attention as negative materials due to exceptional gravimetric capacity and abundance. The strategy of using nano-silicon materials as structural units to construct nano/micro-structured silicon-based negative materials for lithium-ion batteries has come into sight in recent years. In order to provide guidance for the material structure design of micro-sized silicon-based negative materials in practical application, in this work, two commercialized nano/micro-structured silicon-based negative materials with a specific capacity of about 650 mAh·g^(-1) were investigated and compared in the aspects of material microstructure, electrochemical performance of half cells, and electrode morphological evolution during cycling. The cycling performance(with capacity retention ratio of about 17% higher after 100 cycles) and electrode structure maintenance of the embedded structure Si/C material are superior to those of core–shell Si/C material. This research can provide guidance on design and application of nano/micro-structured silicon-based negative materials.展开更多
1 Introduction The World Wide Web is a major breakthrough in the history of human communication and information sharing (Bemers-Lee et al.,2006).The Web has brought us a series of revolutionary tools,such as digital l...1 Introduction The World Wide Web is a major breakthrough in the history of human communication and information sharing (Bemers-Lee et al.,2006).The Web has brought us a series of revolutionary tools,such as digital libraries,net meetings,e-mails,and data services,which have changed the face of scientific research and publishing.Scientists are increasingly relying on these tools to conduct their daily research,and to collaborate with their colleagues through distant communication and knowledge sharing.Despite all these accomplishments,there are still gaps between what can be done using the current Web and what need to be done in an e-Science environment (Buetow,2005).展开更多
Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs) can provide direct bidirectional communication between the brain and a machine. Recently, the BCI technique has been used in seizure control. Usually, a closed-loop system based on BCI ...Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs) can provide direct bidirectional communication between the brain and a machine. Recently, the BCI technique has been used in seizure control. Usually, a closed-loop system based on BCI is set up which delivers a therapic electrical stimulus only in response to seizure onsets. In this way, the side effects of neurostimulation can be greatly reduced. In this paper, a new BCI-based responsive stimulation system is proposed. With an efficient morphology-based seizure detector, seizure events can be identified in the early stages which trigger electrical stimulations to be sent to the cortex of the brain. The proposed system was tested on rats with penicillin-induced epileptic seizures. Online experiments show that 83% of the seizures could be detected successfully with a short average time delay of 3.11 s. With the therapy of the BCI-based seizure control system, most seizures were suppressed within 10 s. Compared with the control group, the average seizure duration was reduced by 30.7%. Therefore, the proposed system can control epileptic seizures effectively and has potential in clinical applications.展开更多
The shapes of speakers' vocal organs change under their different emotional states, which leads to the deviation of the emotional acoustic space of short-time features from the neutral acoustic space and thereby t...The shapes of speakers' vocal organs change under their different emotional states, which leads to the deviation of the emotional acoustic space of short-time features from the neutral acoustic space and thereby the degradation of the speaker recognition performance. Features deviating greatly from the neutral acoustic space are considered as mismatched features, and they negatively affect speaker recognition systems. Emotion variation produces different feature deformations for different phonemes, so it is reasonable to build a finer model to detect mismatched features under each phoneme. However, given the difficulty of phoneme recognition, three sorts of acoustic class recognition—phoneme classes, Gaussian mixture model(GMM) tokenizer, and probabilistic GMM tokenizer—are proposed to replace phoneme recognition. We propose feature pruning and feature regulation methods to process the mismatched features to improve speaker recognition performance. As for the feature regulation method, a strategy of maximizing the between-class distance and minimizing the within-class distance is adopted to train the transformation matrix to regulate the mismatched features. Experiments conducted on the Mandarin affective speech corpus(MASC) show that our feature pruning and feature regulation methods increase the identification rate(IR) by 3.64% and 6.77%, compared with the baseline GMM-UBM(universal background model) algorithm. Also, corresponding IR increases of 2.09% and 3.32% can be obtained with our methods when applied to the state-of-the-art algorithm i-vector.展开更多
DNA damage is a vital challenge to cell homeostasis.Cellular responses to DNA damage(DDR)play essential roles in maintaining genomic stability and survival,whose failure could lead to detrimental consequences such as ...DNA damage is a vital challenge to cell homeostasis.Cellular responses to DNA damage(DDR)play essential roles in maintaining genomic stability and survival,whose failure could lead to detrimental consequences such as cancer development and aging.Nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-kB)is a family of transcription factors that plays critical roles in cellular stress response.Along with p53,NF-kB modulates transactivation of a large number of genes which participate in various cellular processes involved in DDR.Here the authors summarize the recent progress in understanding DNA damage response and NF-kB signaling pathways.This study particularly focuses on DNA damage-induced NF-kB signaling cascade and its physiological and pathological significance in B cell development and cancer therapeutic resistance.The authors also discuss promising strategies for selectively targeting this genotoxic NF-kB signaling aiming to antagonize acquired resistance and resensitize refractory cancer cells to cytotoxic treatments。展开更多
Ultraviolet radiation(UVR)is a prominent etiological factor of the pathogenesis of skin diseases such as squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma.Excessive exposure to the natural sources of UVR such as sunlight or artifi...Ultraviolet radiation(UVR)is a prominent etiological factor of the pathogenesis of skin diseases such as squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma.Excessive exposure to the natural sources of UVR such as sunlight or artificially from tanning lamps has been linked to the increasing incidence of skin cancers in the United States.Besides the skin inflammation,DNA damage and oncogenic mutation caused by UVR,UV exposure also plays a critical role in suppressing local and systemic immune responses which enable premalignant and cancer cells to escape immune surveillance.A variety of mechanisms have been reported to regulate the immune-suppressive effects of UVR.Here we discuss the current understanding of how UV modulates the local and systemic immunity,the recent progress in roles of immune checkpoint molecules in UVR-induced immune suppression,and how the crosstalk between the immune cells may shape the immune landscape of the skin upon UVR.展开更多
The World Wide Web (WWW) has become an indispensable media in our daily life.It is frequently used in our day-to-day operations to procure a solution for a difficult problem,communicate and socialize with others,reser...The World Wide Web (WWW) has become an indispensable media in our daily life.It is frequently used in our day-to-day operations to procure a solution for a difficult problem,communicate and socialize with others,reserve hotels and book tickets to arrange our trips,seek business opportunities,entertain ourselves,and so forth.Without the Web,our life may not have been what it is today.However,a number of questions remain:Has the Web reached its full potential? Can it change our life more than what we have seen? What will the Web look like 20 years from now? One key question out of all is:Could the Web be smarter and more intelligent than before,considering the overwhelming Web content generated at such an exponential rate?展开更多
Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.B...Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to展开更多
文摘Cancer initiation and development engage extremely complicated pathological processes which involve alterations of a large number of cell signaling cascades and functional networks in temporal and spatial orders. During last decades, microR NAs(miR NAs), a class of noncoding RNAs, have emerged as critical players in cancer pathogenesis and progression by modulating many pathological aspects related to tumor development, growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. The major function of miR NAs is to post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression depending on recognition of complementary sequence residing in target mR NAs. Commonly, a particular mi RNA recognition sequence could be found in a number of genes, which allows a single miR-NA to regulate multiple functionally connected genes simultaneously and/or chronologically. Furthermore, a single gene can be targeted and regulated by multiple miR NAs. However, previous studies have demonstrated that mi RNA functions are highly context-dependent,which leads to distinct pathological outcomes in different types of cancer as well as at different stages by alteration of the same miR NA. Here we summarize recent progress in studies on miR NA function in cancer initiation, metastasis and therapeutic response, focusing on breast cancer. The varying functions of mi RNAs and potential application of using miR NAs as biomarkers as well as therapeutic approaches are further discussed in the context of different cancers.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60533040)the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (Nos. 2007AA010304 and 2007AA01Z129)the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Hangzhou Tech-nology Bureau, China (No. 20062412B01)
文摘In hard real-time systems, schedulability analysis is not only one of the important means of guaranteeing the timelines of embedded software but also one of the fundamental theories of applying other new techniques, such as energy savings and fault tolerance. However, most of the existing schedulability analysis methods assume that schedulers use preemptive scheduling or non-preemptive scheduling. In this paper, we present a schedulability analysis method, i.e., the worst-case hybrid scheduling (WCHS) algorithm, which considers the influence of release jitters of transactions and extends schedulability analysis theory to timing analysis of linear transactions under fixed priority hybrid scheduling. To the best of our knowledge, this method is the first one on timing analysis of linear transactions under hybrid scheduling. An example is employed to demonstrate the use of this method. Experiments show that this method has lower computational complexity while keeping correctness, and that hybrid scheduling has little influence on the average worst-case response time (WCRT), but a negative impact on the schedulability of systems.
基金Project partly supported by the Key Program of the National NaturalScience Foundation of China (No. 60533040)the National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar (No. 60525202)+1 种基金the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-04-0545)the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Hangzhou Technology Bureau (No. 20062412B01),China
文摘Battery models are of great importance to develop portable computing systems,for whether the design of low power hardware architecture or the design of battery-aware scheduling policies.In this paper,we present a physically justified iterative computing method to illustrate the discharge,recovery and charge process of Li/Li-ion batteries.The discharge and recovery processes correspond well to an existing accurate analytical battery model:R-V-W's analytical model,and thus interpret this model algorithmically.Our method can also extend R-V-W's model easily to accommodate the charge process.The work will help the system designers to grasp the characteristics of R-V-W's battery model and also,enable to predict the battery behavior in the charge process in a uniform way as the discharge process and the recovery process.Experiments are performed to show the ac-curacy of the extended model by comparing the predicted charge times with those derived from the DUALFOIL simulations.Various profiles with different combinations of battery modes were tested.The experimental results show that the extended battery model preserves high accuracy in predicting the charge behavior.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 61574048the Science and Technology Research Project of Guangdong Province under Grant Nos 2015B090912002 and 2015B090901048the Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou under Grant No 201710010172
文摘Low-frequency noise（LFN） in all operation regions of amorphous indium zinc oxide（a-IZO） thin film transistors（TFTs） with an aluminum oxide gate insulator is investigated. Based on the LFN measured results, we extract the distribution of localized states in the band gap and the spatial distribution of border traps in the gate dielectric,and study the dependence of measured noise on the characteristic temperature of localized states for a-IZO TFTs with Al2 O3 gate dielectric. Further study on the LFN measured results shows that the gate voltage dependent noise data closely obey the mobility fluctuation model, and the average Hooge＇s parameter is about 1.18×10^-3.Considering the relationship between the free carrier number and the field effect mobility, we simulate the LFN using the △N-△μ model, and the total trap density near the IZO/oxide interface is about 1.23×10^18 cm^-3eV^-1.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272063 and 51862024)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province(No.20203BBE53066)+1 种基金Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.20224BAB214037 and 20232BAB204022)the Science and Technology Project of Education Department of Jiangxi Province(No.GJJ2201104)。
文摘Owing to the numerous benefits,including low cost and great theoretical capacity,V3S4 has been a research hotspot for Li^(+)/Na^(+)/K^(+) storage.Nonetheless,the V_(3)S_(4) electrode with long cycling stability and high specific capacities continues to pose significant challenges.In this work,vacuum vulcanization is combined with electrospinning to synthesize V_(3)S_(4)/C composite nanofibers(V_(3)S_(4)@CNF).
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51404032)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No. 2013AA050904)
文摘Polymer binder plays a pivotal role in electrochemical performance of high-capacity silicon(Si)anode that usually suffers from severe capacity fading due to enormous substantial volume change of Si during cycling.In an effort to find efficient polymer binder that could mitigate such capacity fading,alginate-carboxymethyl chitosan(Alg-C-chitosan)composite polymer was investigated as a low-cost watersoluble binder for silicon anodes in lithium-ion batteries.The electrostatic interaction between carboxylate(-COO-)of Alg and protonated amines(-NH3+)of C-chitosan forms a selfhealing porous scaffold structure.Synergistic effect on the enhanced porous scaffold structure and self-healing electrostatic interaction of Alg-C-chitosan binder effectively can tolerate the tremendous volume change of Si and maintain an integrated electrode structure during cycling process.The Si nanopowder electrodes with Alg-C-chitosan composite binder exhibit an excellent cycling stability,with a capacity of750 mAh·g-1 remaining after 100 th cycling.In addition,an extraordinary areal capacity of 3.76 mAh·cm-2 is achieved for Si-based anodes with Alg-C-chitosan binder.
基金Project supported by the National Hi-Tech Research and Develop-ment Program (863) of China (Nos. 2006AA01Z198, and2008AA01Z132)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 60533040)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (No. 60525202)
文摘Smart cars are promising application domain for ubiquitous computing. Context-awareness is the key feature of a smart car for safer and easier driving. Despite many industrial innovations and academic progresses have been made, we find a lack of fully context-aware smart cars. This study presents a general architecture of smart cars from the viewpoint of context- awareness. A hierarchical context model is proposed for description of the complex driving environment. A smart car prototype including software platform and hardware infrastructures is built to provide the running environment for the context model and applications. Two performance metrics were evaluated: accuracy of the context situation recognition and efficiency of the smart car. The whole response time of context situation recognition is nearly 1.4 s for one person, which is acceptable for non-time critical applications in a smart car.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFB0100400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51504032,51604032 and U1664256)。
文摘Silicon materials have attracted wide attention as negative materials due to exceptional gravimetric capacity and abundance. The strategy of using nano-silicon materials as structural units to construct nano/micro-structured silicon-based negative materials for lithium-ion batteries has come into sight in recent years. In order to provide guidance for the material structure design of micro-sized silicon-based negative materials in practical application, in this work, two commercialized nano/micro-structured silicon-based negative materials with a specific capacity of about 650 mAh·g^(-1) were investigated and compared in the aspects of material microstructure, electrochemical performance of half cells, and electrode morphological evolution during cycling. The cycling performance(with capacity retention ratio of about 17% higher after 100 cycles) and electrode structure maintenance of the embedded structure Si/C material are superior to those of core–shell Si/C material. This research can provide guidance on design and application of nano/micro-structured silicon-based negative materials.
文摘1 Introduction The World Wide Web is a major breakthrough in the history of human communication and information sharing (Bemers-Lee et al.,2006).The Web has brought us a series of revolutionary tools,such as digital libraries,net meetings,e-mails,and data services,which have changed the face of scientific research and publishing.Scientists are increasingly relying on these tools to conduct their daily research,and to collaborate with their colleagues through distant communication and knowledge sharing.Despite all these accomplishments,there are still gaps between what can be done using the current Web and what need to be done in an e-Science environment (Buetow,2005).
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program(973)of China(No.2013CB329500)the National High-Tech R&D Program(863)of China(No.2012AA020408)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61103107)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20110101120154)
文摘Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs) can provide direct bidirectional communication between the brain and a machine. Recently, the BCI technique has been used in seizure control. Usually, a closed-loop system based on BCI is set up which delivers a therapic electrical stimulus only in response to seizure onsets. In this way, the side effects of neurostimulation can be greatly reduced. In this paper, a new BCI-based responsive stimulation system is proposed. With an efficient morphology-based seizure detector, seizure events can be identified in the early stages which trigger electrical stimulations to be sent to the cortex of the brain. The proposed system was tested on rats with penicillin-induced epileptic seizures. Online experiments show that 83% of the seizures could be detected successfully with a short average time delay of 3.11 s. With the therapy of the BCI-based seizure control system, most seizures were suppressed within 10 s. Compared with the control group, the average seizure duration was reduced by 30.7%. Therefore, the proposed system can control epileptic seizures effectively and has potential in clinical applications.
基金Project Supported by the National Basic Research Program(973) of China(No.2013CB329504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60970080)the National HighTech R&D Program(863)of China(No.2006AA01Z136)
文摘The shapes of speakers' vocal organs change under their different emotional states, which leads to the deviation of the emotional acoustic space of short-time features from the neutral acoustic space and thereby the degradation of the speaker recognition performance. Features deviating greatly from the neutral acoustic space are considered as mismatched features, and they negatively affect speaker recognition systems. Emotion variation produces different feature deformations for different phonemes, so it is reasonable to build a finer model to detect mismatched features under each phoneme. However, given the difficulty of phoneme recognition, three sorts of acoustic class recognition—phoneme classes, Gaussian mixture model(GMM) tokenizer, and probabilistic GMM tokenizer—are proposed to replace phoneme recognition. We propose feature pruning and feature regulation methods to process the mismatched features to improve speaker recognition performance. As for the feature regulation method, a strategy of maximizing the between-class distance and minimizing the within-class distance is adopted to train the transformation matrix to regulate the mismatched features. Experiments conducted on the Mandarin affective speech corpus(MASC) show that our feature pruning and feature regulation methods increase the identification rate(IR) by 3.64% and 6.77%, compared with the baseline GMM-UBM(universal background model) algorithm. Also, corresponding IR increases of 2.09% and 3.32% can be obtained with our methods when applied to the state-of-the-art algorithm i-vector.
基金supported by NIH R01CA149251 and American Cancer Society(RSG-13-186-01-CSM).
文摘DNA damage is a vital challenge to cell homeostasis.Cellular responses to DNA damage(DDR)play essential roles in maintaining genomic stability and survival,whose failure could lead to detrimental consequences such as cancer development and aging.Nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-kB)is a family of transcription factors that plays critical roles in cellular stress response.Along with p53,NF-kB modulates transactivation of a large number of genes which participate in various cellular processes involved in DDR.Here the authors summarize the recent progress in understanding DNA damage response and NF-kB signaling pathways.This study particularly focuses on DNA damage-induced NF-kB signaling cascade and its physiological and pathological significance in B cell development and cancer therapeutic resistance.The authors also discuss promising strategies for selectively targeting this genotoxic NF-kB signaling aiming to antagonize acquired resistance and resensitize refractory cancer cells to cytotoxic treatments。
文摘Ultraviolet radiation(UVR)is a prominent etiological factor of the pathogenesis of skin diseases such as squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma.Excessive exposure to the natural sources of UVR such as sunlight or artificially from tanning lamps has been linked to the increasing incidence of skin cancers in the United States.Besides the skin inflammation,DNA damage and oncogenic mutation caused by UVR,UV exposure also plays a critical role in suppressing local and systemic immune responses which enable premalignant and cancer cells to escape immune surveillance.A variety of mechanisms have been reported to regulate the immune-suppressive effects of UVR.Here we discuss the current understanding of how UV modulates the local and systemic immunity,the recent progress in roles of immune checkpoint molecules in UVR-induced immune suppression,and how the crosstalk between the immune cells may shape the immune landscape of the skin upon UVR.
文摘The World Wide Web (WWW) has become an indispensable media in our daily life.It is frequently used in our day-to-day operations to procure a solution for a difficult problem,communicate and socialize with others,reserve hotels and book tickets to arrange our trips,seek business opportunities,entertain ourselves,and so forth.Without the Web,our life may not have been what it is today.However,a number of questions remain:Has the Web reached its full potential? Can it change our life more than what we have seen? What will the Web look like 20 years from now? One key question out of all is:Could the Web be smarter and more intelligent than before,considering the overwhelming Web content generated at such an exponential rate?
文摘Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to
