Climate change and extreme weather pose significant challenges to the traditional viticulture regions.Emerging high-altitude grape-producing regions with diverse orientations have shown great potential in coping with ...Climate change and extreme weather pose significant challenges to the traditional viticulture regions.Emerging high-altitude grape-producing regions with diverse orientations have shown great potential in coping with this challenge.Stable,high-quality wine grape production may be achieved by synchronizing the meso-and microclimate.To clarify the role of high altitude and row orientation in meso-and microclimate and the response of berries to it,we evaluated seven years(2012-2018)of climate data,two years of basic grape(Cabernet Sauvignon,Vitis vinifera L.)quality,and one-year microclimate from veraison to harvest.By comparing two locations(Sidon 2047 m,Sinon 2208 m)in Yunnan Province,China,we found that the average temperature has been stable at approximately 15℃ for seven years,with no extreme weather or,noticeable global warming.The light intensity(LI)in the north-south(NS)was more balanced than the east-west(EW)direction,and the east-west to the south(EW-S)canopy side was almost higher than the other sides.High LI was associated with high photosynthetically active radiation(PAR),ultraviolet(UV),and infrared(IR)light and vice versa.The north-south to the east(NS-E)and east-west to the north(EWN)sides were characterized by lower LI and higher UV and IR light,and higher total anthocyanin content.Most anthocyanin synthesis-related genes,for example,VvF3'H and VvF3'5'H,were highly expressed in NS-E from veraison to maturity.Perhaps UV and IR light induced their expression.This study provides new insights on the role of differently orientated rows in controlling grape quality due to varied light quality.The findings are globally significant,particularly in the context of climate change,and offer fresh insights into berry physiological responses and decision-making for the management of existing vineyards.展开更多
Fast-charging lithium-ion batteries are highly required,especially in reducing the mileage anxiety of the widespread electric vehicles.One of the biggest bottlenecks lies in the sluggish kinetics of the Li^(+)intercal...Fast-charging lithium-ion batteries are highly required,especially in reducing the mileage anxiety of the widespread electric vehicles.One of the biggest bottlenecks lies in the sluggish kinetics of the Li^(+)intercalation into the graphite anode;slow intercalation will lead to lithium metal plating,severe side reactions,and safety concerns.The premise to solve these problems is to fully understand the reaction pathways and rate-determining steps of graphite during fast Li^(+)intercalation.Herein,we compare the Li^(+)diffusion through the graphite particle,interface,and electrode,uncover the structure of the lithiated graphite at high current densities,and correlate them with the reaction kinetics and electrochemical performances.It is found that the rate-determining steps are highly dependent on the particle size,interphase property,and electrode configuration.Insufficient Li^(+)diffusion leads to high polarization,incomplete intercalation,and the coexistence of several staging structures.Interfacial Li^(+)diffusion and electrode transportation are the main rate-determining steps if the particle size is less than 10μm.The former is highly dependent on the electrolyte chemistry and can be enhanced by constructing a fluorinated interphase.Our findings enrich the understanding of the graphite structural evolution during rapid Li^(+)intercalation,decipher the bottleneck for the sluggish reaction kinetics,and provide strategic guidelines to boost the fast-charging performance of graphite anode.展开更多
Intercalation provides to the host materials a means for controlled variation of many physical/chemical properties and dominates the reactions in metal‐ion batteries.Of particular interest is the graphite intercalati...Intercalation provides to the host materials a means for controlled variation of many physical/chemical properties and dominates the reactions in metal‐ion batteries.Of particular interest is the graphite intercalation compounds with intriguing staging structures,which however are still unclear,especially in their nanostructure and dynamic transition mechanism.Herein,the nature of the staging structure and evolution of the lithium(Li)‐intercalated graphite was revealed by cryogenic‐transmission electron microscopy and other methods at the nanoscale.The intercalated Li‐ions distribute unevenly,generating local stress and dislocations in the graphitic structure.Each staging compound is found macroscopically ordered but microscopically inhomogeneous,exhibiting a localized‐domains structural model.Our findings uncover the correlation between the long‐range ordered structure and short‐range domains,refresh the insights on the staging structure and transition of Li‐intercalated/deintercalated graphite,and provide effective ways to enhance the reaction kinetic in rechargeable batteries by defect engineering.展开更多
With the increasing demand for high energy-density batteries for portable electronics and large-scale energy storage systems,the lithium metal anode(LMA)has received tremendous attention because of its high theoretica...With the increasing demand for high energy-density batteries for portable electronics and large-scale energy storage systems,the lithium metal anode(LMA)has received tremendous attention because of its high theoretical capacity and low redox potential.However,the commercial application of LMAs is impeded by the uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites.Such dendrite growth may result in internal short circuits,detrimental side reactions,and the formation of dead lithium.Therefore,the growth of lithium metal must be controlled.This article summarizes our recent efforts in inhibiting such dendrite growth,decreasing the detrimental side reactions,and elongating the LMA lifespan by optimizing the electrolyte structure and by designing appropriate current collectors.After identifying that the unstable solid electrolyte inter-face(SEI)film is responsible for the potential dropping in carbonate electrolytes,we developed LiPF_(6)-LiNO_(3) dual-salt electrolyte and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)-carbonate electrolyte to stabilize the SEI film of LMAs.In addition,we achieved controlled lithium depos-ition by designing the structure and material of the current collectors,including selective lithium deposition in porous current collectors,lithio-philic metal guided lithium deposition,and iron carbide induced underpotential lithium deposition in nano-cavities.The limitations of the cur-rent strategies and prospects for future research are also presented.展开更多
因高能量密度和高能量转换效率,锂离子电池已被广泛应用于便携式电子设备和电动交通中。富锂层状结构氧化物以高达300 m Ah·g^-1的可逆容量成为能量密度350 Wh·kg^-1及以上动力锂离子电池的重要候选正极材料。但是,欲使这类...因高能量密度和高能量转换效率,锂离子电池已被广泛应用于便携式电子设备和电动交通中。富锂层状结构氧化物以高达300 m Ah·g^-1的可逆容量成为能量密度350 Wh·kg^-1及以上动力锂离子电池的重要候选正极材料。但是,欲使这类材料获得实际应用,就必须解决循环过程中结构衰退带来的一系列问题。本文重点介绍近几年来笔者所领导的研究组通过元素筛选实现材料的表面和体相掺杂,通过全新的结构设计稳定材料结构和性能方面的努力。同时,为使读者对国内外重要研究组在相关方面的研究进展也有所了解,我们也将从元素替代、结构一体化表面修饰(包括多层表面修饰和浓度梯度材料)、表面包覆和表面掺杂等方面介绍他们的重要研究成果。最后,将对该类材料的未来发展方向作出展望并给出我们的一些思考。展开更多
The commercialization of rechargeable Li metal batteries is hindered by dendrite growth and volumetric variation. Herein, we report a Li-rich dual-phase Li-Cu alloy with built-in 3 D conductive skeleton to replace con...The commercialization of rechargeable Li metal batteries is hindered by dendrite growth and volumetric variation. Herein, we report a Li-rich dual-phase Li-Cu alloy with built-in 3 D conductive skeleton to replace conventional planar Li anode. The Li-Cu alloy is simply prepared by fusion of Li and Cu metals at a relatively low-temperature of 500 °C, followed by a cooling process where phase-segregation leads to metallic Li phase distributed in the network of LiCu_x solid solution phase. Different from the common Li alloy, the electrochemical alloying reaction between Li and Cu metals is not observed. Therefore, the lithiophilic LiCu_x nanowires guides conformal plating of Li and the porous framework provides superior dimensional stability for the anode. This unique ferroconcrete-like structure of Li-Cu alloy enables dendrite-free Li plating for an expanded cycling lifetime. Constructing a new type of Li alloy with in situ formed electrochemically inactive framework is a promising and easily scaled-up strategy toward practical application of Li metal anodes.展开更多
Lithium carbonate （Li2CO3） is very common in various types of lithium （Li） batteries. As an insulating by-product of the oxygen reduction reaction on the cathode of a Li-air battery, it cannot be decomposed below ...Lithium carbonate （Li2CO3） is very common in various types of lithium （Li） batteries. As an insulating by-product of the oxygen reduction reaction on the cathode of a Li-air battery, it cannot be decomposed below 4.75 V （vs. Li＋/Li） during recharge and leads to a large polarization, low coulombic efficiency, and low energy conversion efficiency of the battery. On the other hand, more than 10% of the Li ions from the cathode material are consumed during chemical formation of a Li-ion battery, resulting in low coulombic efficiency and/or energy density. Consequently, lithium compensation becomes essential to realize Li-ion batteries with a higher energy density and longer cycle life. Therefore, reducing the oxidation potential of Li2CO3 is significantly important. To address these issues, we show that the addition of nanoscaled LiCoO2 can effectively lower this potential to 4.25 V. On the basis of physical characterization and electrochemical evaluation, we propose the oxidization mechanism of Li2CO3. These findings will help to decrease the polarization of Li-air batteries and provide an effective strategy for efficient Li compensation for Li-ion batteries, which can significantly improve their energy density and increase their energy conversion efficiency and cycle life.展开更多
Anti-perovskites X3BA,as the electrically inverted derivatives of perovskites ABX3,have attracted tremendous attention for their good performances in multiple disciplines,especially in energy storage batteries.The Li/...Anti-perovskites X3BA,as the electrically inverted derivatives of perovskites ABX3,have attracted tremendous attention for their good performances in multiple disciplines,especially in energy storage batteries.The Li/Na-rich antiperovskite(LiRAP/NaRAP)solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)typically show high ionic conductivities and high chemical/electrochemical stability toward the Li-metal anode,illustrating their great potential for applications in the Limetal batteries(LMBs)using nonaqueous liquid electrolyte or all-solid-state electrolyte.The antiperovskites have been studied as artificial solid electrolyte interphase for Li-metal anode protection,film SSEs for thin-film batteries,and low melting temperature solid electrolyte enabling melt-infiltration for the manufacture of all-solid-state lithium batteries.Transition metal-doped LiRAPs as cathodes have demonstrated a high discharge specific capacity and good rate capability in the Li-ion batteries(LIBs).Additionally,the underlying scientific principles in antiperovskites with flexible structural features have also been extensively studied.In this review,we comprehensively summarize the development,structural design,ionic conductivity and ion transportation mechanism,chemical/electrochemical stability,and applications of some antiperovskite materials in energy storage batteries.The perspective for enhancing the performance of the antiperovskites is also provided as a guide for future development and applications in energy storage.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31772258)the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2019YFD1000102-11)。
文摘Climate change and extreme weather pose significant challenges to the traditional viticulture regions.Emerging high-altitude grape-producing regions with diverse orientations have shown great potential in coping with this challenge.Stable,high-quality wine grape production may be achieved by synchronizing the meso-and microclimate.To clarify the role of high altitude and row orientation in meso-and microclimate and the response of berries to it,we evaluated seven years(2012-2018)of climate data,two years of basic grape(Cabernet Sauvignon,Vitis vinifera L.)quality,and one-year microclimate from veraison to harvest.By comparing two locations(Sidon 2047 m,Sinon 2208 m)in Yunnan Province,China,we found that the average temperature has been stable at approximately 15℃ for seven years,with no extreme weather or,noticeable global warming.The light intensity(LI)in the north-south(NS)was more balanced than the east-west(EW)direction,and the east-west to the south(EW-S)canopy side was almost higher than the other sides.High LI was associated with high photosynthetically active radiation(PAR),ultraviolet(UV),and infrared(IR)light and vice versa.The north-south to the east(NS-E)and east-west to the north(EWN)sides were characterized by lower LI and higher UV and IR light,and higher total anthocyanin content.Most anthocyanin synthesis-related genes,for example,VvF3'H and VvF3'5'H,were highly expressed in NS-E from veraison to maturity.Perhaps UV and IR light induced their expression.This study provides new insights on the role of differently orientated rows in controlling grape quality due to varied light quality.The findings are globally significant,particularly in the context of climate change,and offer fresh insights into berry physiological responses and decision-making for the management of existing vineyards.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC No.52172257 and 22005334)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(Grant No.Z200013)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB2502200).
文摘Fast-charging lithium-ion batteries are highly required,especially in reducing the mileage anxiety of the widespread electric vehicles.One of the biggest bottlenecks lies in the sluggish kinetics of the Li^(+)intercalation into the graphite anode;slow intercalation will lead to lithium metal plating,severe side reactions,and safety concerns.The premise to solve these problems is to fully understand the reaction pathways and rate-determining steps of graphite during fast Li^(+)intercalation.Herein,we compare the Li^(+)diffusion through the graphite particle,interface,and electrode,uncover the structure of the lithiated graphite at high current densities,and correlate them with the reaction kinetics and electrochemical performances.It is found that the rate-determining steps are highly dependent on the particle size,interphase property,and electrode configuration.Insufficient Li^(+)diffusion leads to high polarization,incomplete intercalation,and the coexistence of several staging structures.Interfacial Li^(+)diffusion and electrode transportation are the main rate-determining steps if the particle size is less than 10μm.The former is highly dependent on the electrolyte chemistry and can be enhanced by constructing a fluorinated interphase.Our findings enrich the understanding of the graphite structural evolution during rapid Li^(+)intercalation,decipher the bottleneck for the sluggish reaction kinetics,and provide strategic guidelines to boost the fast-charging performance of graphite anode.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC nos.52172257,22005334,21773301 and 52022106)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(grant no.Z200013).
文摘Intercalation provides to the host materials a means for controlled variation of many physical/chemical properties and dominates the reactions in metal‐ion batteries.Of particular interest is the graphite intercalation compounds with intriguing staging structures,which however are still unclear,especially in their nanostructure and dynamic transition mechanism.Herein,the nature of the staging structure and evolution of the lithium(Li)‐intercalated graphite was revealed by cryogenic‐transmission electron microscopy and other methods at the nanoscale.The intercalated Li‐ions distribute unevenly,generating local stress and dislocations in the graphitic structure.Each staging compound is found macroscopically ordered but microscopically inhomogeneous,exhibiting a localized‐domains structural model.Our findings uncover the correlation between the long‐range ordered structure and short‐range domains,refresh the insights on the staging structure and transition of Li‐intercalated/deintercalated graphite,and provide effective ways to enhance the reaction kinetic in rechargeable batteries by defect engineering.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21773301)。
文摘With the increasing demand for high energy-density batteries for portable electronics and large-scale energy storage systems,the lithium metal anode(LMA)has received tremendous attention because of its high theoretical capacity and low redox potential.However,the commercial application of LMAs is impeded by the uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites.Such dendrite growth may result in internal short circuits,detrimental side reactions,and the formation of dead lithium.Therefore,the growth of lithium metal must be controlled.This article summarizes our recent efforts in inhibiting such dendrite growth,decreasing the detrimental side reactions,and elongating the LMA lifespan by optimizing the electrolyte structure and by designing appropriate current collectors.After identifying that the unstable solid electrolyte inter-face(SEI)film is responsible for the potential dropping in carbonate electrolytes,we developed LiPF_(6)-LiNO_(3) dual-salt electrolyte and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)-carbonate electrolyte to stabilize the SEI film of LMAs.In addition,we achieved controlled lithium depos-ition by designing the structure and material of the current collectors,including selective lithium deposition in porous current collectors,lithio-philic metal guided lithium deposition,and iron carbide induced underpotential lithium deposition in nano-cavities.The limitations of the cur-rent strategies and prospects for future research are also presented.
文摘因高能量密度和高能量转换效率,锂离子电池已被广泛应用于便携式电子设备和电动交通中。富锂层状结构氧化物以高达300 m Ah·g^-1的可逆容量成为能量密度350 Wh·kg^-1及以上动力锂离子电池的重要候选正极材料。但是,欲使这类材料获得实际应用,就必须解决循环过程中结构衰退带来的一系列问题。本文重点介绍近几年来笔者所领导的研究组通过元素筛选实现材料的表面和体相掺杂,通过全新的结构设计稳定材料结构和性能方面的努力。同时,为使读者对国内外重要研究组在相关方面的研究进展也有所了解,我们也将从元素替代、结构一体化表面修饰(包括多层表面修饰和浓度梯度材料)、表面包覆和表面掺杂等方面介绍他们的重要研究成果。最后,将对该类材料的未来发展方向作出展望并给出我们的一些思考。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21673033 and 21473022)the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province of China (2019YFH0001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (ZYGX2019J024)。
文摘The commercialization of rechargeable Li metal batteries is hindered by dendrite growth and volumetric variation. Herein, we report a Li-rich dual-phase Li-Cu alloy with built-in 3 D conductive skeleton to replace conventional planar Li anode. The Li-Cu alloy is simply prepared by fusion of Li and Cu metals at a relatively low-temperature of 500 °C, followed by a cooling process where phase-segregation leads to metallic Li phase distributed in the network of LiCu_x solid solution phase. Different from the common Li alloy, the electrochemical alloying reaction between Li and Cu metals is not observed. Therefore, the lithiophilic LiCu_x nanowires guides conformal plating of Li and the porous framework provides superior dimensional stability for the anode. This unique ferroconcrete-like structure of Li-Cu alloy enables dendrite-free Li plating for an expanded cycling lifetime. Constructing a new type of Li alloy with in situ formed electrochemically inactive framework is a promising and easily scaled-up strategy toward practical application of Li metal anodes.
基金This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China （No. 2015CB251100） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 51372268）.
文摘Lithium carbonate （Li2CO3） is very common in various types of lithium （Li） batteries. As an insulating by-product of the oxygen reduction reaction on the cathode of a Li-air battery, it cannot be decomposed below 4.75 V （vs. Li＋/Li） during recharge and leads to a large polarization, low coulombic efficiency, and low energy conversion efficiency of the battery. On the other hand, more than 10% of the Li ions from the cathode material are consumed during chemical formation of a Li-ion battery, resulting in low coulombic efficiency and/or energy density. Consequently, lithium compensation becomes essential to realize Li-ion batteries with a higher energy density and longer cycle life. Therefore, reducing the oxidation potential of Li2CO3 is significantly important. To address these issues, we show that the addition of nanoscaled LiCoO2 can effectively lower this potential to 4.25 V. On the basis of physical characterization and electrochemical evaluation, we propose the oxidization mechanism of Li2CO3. These findings will help to decrease the polarization of Li-air batteries and provide an effective strategy for efficient Li compensation for Li-ion batteries, which can significantly improve their energy density and increase their energy conversion efficiency and cycle life.
基金Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundationof China,Grant/Award Number:51732005Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2021A1515011784+1 种基金Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies(Southern University of Science and Technology),Ministry of EducationShenzhen Science and Technology Program,Grant/Award Number:KQTD20200820113047086。
文摘Anti-perovskites X3BA,as the electrically inverted derivatives of perovskites ABX3,have attracted tremendous attention for their good performances in multiple disciplines,especially in energy storage batteries.The Li/Na-rich antiperovskite(LiRAP/NaRAP)solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)typically show high ionic conductivities and high chemical/electrochemical stability toward the Li-metal anode,illustrating their great potential for applications in the Limetal batteries(LMBs)using nonaqueous liquid electrolyte or all-solid-state electrolyte.The antiperovskites have been studied as artificial solid electrolyte interphase for Li-metal anode protection,film SSEs for thin-film batteries,and low melting temperature solid electrolyte enabling melt-infiltration for the manufacture of all-solid-state lithium batteries.Transition metal-doped LiRAPs as cathodes have demonstrated a high discharge specific capacity and good rate capability in the Li-ion batteries(LIBs).Additionally,the underlying scientific principles in antiperovskites with flexible structural features have also been extensively studied.In this review,we comprehensively summarize the development,structural design,ionic conductivity and ion transportation mechanism,chemical/electrochemical stability,and applications of some antiperovskite materials in energy storage batteries.The perspective for enhancing the performance of the antiperovskites is also provided as a guide for future development and applications in energy storage.
