Synchrotron radiation has transformed the role of xrays as a mainstream tool for probing the atomic and electronic structure of materials.Synchrotron-based xray sciences have been widely used to study the microscopic ...Synchrotron radiation has transformed the role of xrays as a mainstream tool for probing the atomic and electronic structure of materials.Synchrotron-based xray sciences have been widely used to study the microscopic structure,electronic states,chemical composition.展开更多
The dental operative microscope has been widely employed in the field of dentistry,particularly in endodontics and operative dentistry,resulting in significant advancements in the effectiveness of root canal therapy,e...The dental operative microscope has been widely employed in the field of dentistry,particularly in endodontics and operative dentistry,resulting in significant advancements in the effectiveness of root canal therapy,endodontic surgery,and dental restoration.However,the improper use of this microscope continues to be common in clinical settings,primarily due to operators’insufficient understanding and proficiency in both the features and established operating procedures of this equipment.In October 2019,Professor Jingping Liang,Vice Chairman of the Society of Cariology and Endodontology,Chinese Stomatological Association,organized a consensus meeting with Chinese experts in endodontics and operative dentistry.The objective of this meeting was to establish a standard operation procedure for the dental operative microscope.Subsequently,a consensus was reached and officially issued.Over the span of about four years,the content of this consensus has been further developed and improved through practical experience.展开更多
Kinds of complex-structure wells can effectively improve production,which are widely used.However,in the process of drilling and completion,complex-structure wells with long drilling cycle and large exposed area of re...Kinds of complex-structure wells can effectively improve production,which are widely used.However,in the process of drilling and completion,complex-structure wells with long drilling cycle and large exposed area of reservoir can lead to the fact that reservoir near wellbore is more vulnerable to the working fluid invasion,resulting in more serious formation damage.In order to quantitatively describe the reservoir formation damage in the construction of complex-structure well,taking the inclined well section as the research object,the coordinate transformation method and conformal transformation method are given according to the flow characteristics of reservoir near wellbore in anisotropic reservoir.Then the local skin factor in orthogonal plane of wellbore is deduced.Considering the un-even distribution of local skin factor along the wellbore,the oscillation decreasing model and empirical equation model of damage zone radius distribution along the wellbore direction are established and then the total skin factor model of the whole well is superimposed to realize the reservoir damage evaluation of complex-structure wells.Combining the skin factor model with the production model,the production of complex-structure wells can be predicted more accurately.The two field application cases show that the accuracy of the model can be more than 90%,which can also fully reflect the invasion characteristics of drilling and completion fluid in any well section of complex-structure wells in anisotropic reservoir,so as to further provide guidance for the scientific establish-ment of reservoir production system.展开更多
Difenoconazole(DIF)is a representative variety of broad-spectrum triazole fungicides and liposoluble pesticides.However,the water solubility of DIF is so poor that its application is limited in plant protection.In add...Difenoconazole(DIF)is a representative variety of broad-spectrum triazole fungicides and liposoluble pesticides.However,the water solubility of DIF is so poor that its application is limited in plant protection.In addition,the conventional formulations of DIF always contain abundant organic solvents,which may cause pollution of the environment.In this study,two DIF/cyclodextrins(CDs)inclusion complexes(ICs)were successfully prepared,which were DIF/β-CD IC and DIF/hydroxypropyl-β-CD IC(DIF/HP-β-CD IC).The effect of cyclodextrins on the water solubility and the antifungal effect of liposoluble DIF pesticide were investigated.According to the phase solubility test,the molar ratio and apparent stability constant of ICs were obtained.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,thermal gravity analysis,X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used systematically to characterize the formation and characteristics of ICs.The results noted that DIF successfully entered the cavities of two CDs.In addition,the antifungal effect test proved the better performance of DIF/HP-β-CD IC,which exceeded that of DIF emulsifiable concentrate.Therefore,our study provides informative direction for the intelligent use of liposoluble pesticides with cyclodextrins to develop water-based environmentally friendly formulations.展开更多
The easy-plane anisotropy of the Y_(2)Co_(17)rare earth soft magnetic alloy has high saturation magnetization and operating frequency,and good impedance matching.Therefore,it is expected to become a kind of high-perfo...The easy-plane anisotropy of the Y_(2)Co_(17)rare earth soft magnetic alloy has high saturation magnetization and operating frequency,and good impedance matching.Therefore,it is expected to become a kind of high-performance microwave absorbing material.In this paper,Y_(2)Co_(17)alloy was prepared by a reduction-diffusion method,and its micropowder was prepared as polyurethane(PU)based composite absorbing materials(Y_(2)Co_(17)/PU composites).The microwave properties of composites with different volume fractions were calculated.The composites showed outstanding absorption characteristics in the range of 20-30 vol%,and the minimum reflection loss(RL)was less than-50 d B.When the volume fraction was25%,the effective absorption bandwidth could cover the X-band at a thickness of 1.5 mm,and the Ku-band at a thickness of1.08 mm.The absorption mechanism was analyzed by the interface reflection model.The RL absorption peak bandwidth mechanism was discussed by using the amplitude relation and calculating the effective absorption bandwidth at different thicknesses.The effective absorption bandwidth values were in good agreement with the theoretical expectation.展开更多
In quantum open systems,non-Markovianity is an important phenomenon that allows a backflow of information from the environment to the system.In this work,we investigate the non-Markovianity problems in two different t...In quantum open systems,non-Markovianity is an important phenomenon that allows a backflow of information from the environment to the system.In this work,we investigate the non-Markovianity problems in two different types of channels,where the system-environment interactions are treated with and without the rotating-wave approximation(RWA).We employ the quantum interferometric power(QIP)to quantify the non-Markovian dynamics,which is the minimal quantum Fisher information obtained by the local unitary evolution in a bipartite system.By the hierarchy equation method,we calculate the dynamical evolution of the QIP in the non-RWA case.The results show that the dynamical behavior under the non-RWA is significantly different from that under the RWA in both weak and strong coupling.Moreover,in the non-RWA case,we also find the nonmonotonic behavior of the non-Markovianity measure with the variation of coupling strength,which is caused by the competition between the rotating-wave terms and the counterrotating-wave terms.As a result,we highlight the importance of the counterrotating-wave terms for the influence of non-Markovianity.展开更多
Background:Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is a complex chronic autoimmune disease with no known cure.However,the regulatory mechanism of immunity-related genes is not fully understood in SLE.In order to explore new ...Background:Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is a complex chronic autoimmune disease with no known cure.However,the regulatory mechanism of immunity-related genes is not fully understood in SLE.In order to explore new therapeutic targets,we used bioinformatical methods to analyze a series of data.Methods:After downloading and processing the data from Gene Expression Omnibus database,the differentially expressed genes of SLE were analyzed.CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze the immune infiltration of SLE.Based on single-cell RNA-sequencing data,the role of immune-related genes in SLE and its target organ(kidney)were analyzed.Key transcription factors affecting immune-related genes were identified.Cell-cell communication networks in SLE were analyzed.Results:In total,15 hub genes and 4 transcription factors were found in the bulk data.Monocytes and macrophages in GSE81622(SLE)showed more infiltration.There were four cell types were annotated in scRNA sequencing dataset(GSE135779),as follows T cells,monocyte,NK cells and B cells.Immunity-related genes were overexpressed in monocytes.Conclusion:The present study shows that immune-related genes affect SLE through monocytes and play an important role in target organ renal injury.展开更多
Objective: To validate the necessity of increasing the examined lymph node(ELN) count for enhancing the accuracy of prognostic evaluation of gastric cancer(GC) patients after curative gastrectomy in multiple medical c...Objective: To validate the necessity of increasing the examined lymph node(ELN) count for enhancing the accuracy of prognostic evaluation of gastric cancer(GC) patients after curative gastrectomy in multiple medical centers of China.Methods: The clinicopathological data of 7,620 patients who underwent the curative resection for GC between2001 and 2011 were included to demonstrate whether the ELN count is indispensable for enhancing the accuracy of prognostic evaluation of GC patients after surgery. After a meticulous stratification by using the cut-point survival analysis, all included 7,620 patients were allocated into three groups as: less than 16(<16), between 16 and30(16-30), and more than 30(>30) ELNs. Survival differences among various subgroups of GC patients were analyzed to assess the impact of the ELN count on the stage migration in accordance with the overall survival(OS)of GC patients.Results: Survival analyses revealed that the ELN count was positively correlated with the OS(P=0.001) and was an independent prognostic predictor(P<0.01) of 7,620 GC patients. Stratum analysis showed that the accuracy of prognostic evaluation could be enhanced when the ELN count was no less than 16(≥16) for node-negative patients and >30 for node-positive patients. Stage migrations were mainly detected in the various subgroups of patients with specific pN stages as follows: pN0 with 16-30 ELNs(pN0_(16-30)) and pN0 with >30 ELNs(pN0_(>30)), pN0 with <16 ELNs(pN0_(<16)) and pN1_(>30), pN1_(<16) and pN2_(16-30), pN1_(16-30) and pN2_(>30), pN3a_(<16) and pN3b_(16-30), and pN3a_(<16) and pN3b_(>30). These findings indicate that increasing the ELN count is a prerequisite to guarantee precisely prognostic evaluation of GC patients.Conclusions: The ELN count should be proposed to be >30 for acquiring the accurate prognostic evaluation for GC patients, especially for node-positive patients.展开更多
AIM: To give the evidence for rationalizing surgical therapy for early gastric cancer with different lymph node status. METHODS: A series of 322 early gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy with more than 1...AIM: To give the evidence for rationalizing surgical therapy for early gastric cancer with different lymph node status. METHODS: A series of 322 early gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy with more than 15 lymph nodes retrieved were reviewed in this study. The rate of lymph node metastasis was calculated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the independent factors for predicting lymph node metastasis. RESULTS: No metastasis was detected in No.5, 6 lymph nodes (LN) during proximal gastric cancer total gastrectomy, and in No.10, 11p, 11d during for combined resection of spleen and splenic artery and in No.15 LN during combined resection of transverse colon mesentery. No.11p, 12a, 14v LN were proved negative for metastasis. The global metastastic rate was 14.6% for LN, 5.9% for mucosa, and 22.4% for submucosa carcinoma, respectively. The metastasis in group Ⅱ?was almost limited in No.7, 8a LN. Multivariate analysis identified that the depth of invasion, histological type and lymphatic invasion were independent risk factors for LN metastasis. No metastasis from distal cancer (≤ 1.0 cm in diameter) was detected in group Ⅱ?LN. The metastasis rate increased significantly when the diameter exceeded 3.0 cm. All tumors (≤ 1.0 cm in diameter) with LN metastasis and mucosa invasion showed a depressed macroscopic type, and all protruded carcinomas were > 3.0 cm in diameter. CONCLUSION: Segmental/subtotal gastrectomy plus D1/D1 + No.7 should be performed for carcinoma (≤ 1.0 cm in diameter, protruded type and mucosa invasion).Subtotal gastrectomy plus D2 or D1 + No.7, 8a, 9 is the most rational operation, whereas No.11p, 12a, 14v lymphadenectomy should not be recommended routinely for poorly differentiated and depressed type of submucosa carcinoma (> 3.0 cm in diameter). Total gastrectomy should not be performed in proximal, so does combined resection or D2+/D3 lymphadenectomy.展开更多
AIM:To test the pathogenicity of pseudorabies virus(PRV)variant HN1201 and compare its pathogenicity with a classical PRV Fa strain.METHODS:The pathogenicity of the newly-emerging PRV variant HN1201 was evaluated by d...AIM:To test the pathogenicity of pseudorabies virus(PRV)variant HN1201 and compare its pathogenicity with a classical PRV Fa strain.METHODS:The pathogenicity of the newly-emerging PRV variant HN1201 was evaluated by different inoculating routes,virus loads,and ages of pigs.The classical PRV Fa strain was then used to compare with HN1201 to determine pathogenicity.Clinical symptoms after virus infection were recorded daily and average daily body weight was used to measure the growth performance of pigs.At necropsy,gross pathology and histopathology were used to evaluate the severity of tissue damage caused by virus infection.RESULTS:The results showed that the efficient infection method of RPV HN1201 was via intranasal inoculation at 107 TCID50,and that the virus has high pathogenicity to 35-to 127-d old pigs.Compared with Fa strain,pigs infected with HN1201 showed more severe clinical symptoms and pathological lesions.Immunochemistry results revealed HN1201 had more abundant antigen distribution in extensive organs.CONCLUSION:All of the above results suggest that PRV variant HN1201 was more pathogenic to pigs than the classical Fa strain.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the expression and prognostic role of pyruvate dehydrogenase(PDH) in gastric cancer(GC).METHODS:This study included 265 patients(194 male,71 female,mean age 59 years(range,29-81 years) with GC who u...AIM:To investigate the expression and prognostic role of pyruvate dehydrogenase(PDH) in gastric cancer(GC).METHODS:This study included 265 patients(194 male,71 female,mean age 59 years(range,29-81 years) with GC who underwent curative surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from January 2006 to May 2007.All patients were followed up for more than 5 years.Patient-derived paraffin embedded GC specimens were collected for tissue microarrays(TMAs).We examined PDH expression by immunohistochemistry in TMAs containing tumor tissue and matched nonneoplastic mucosa.Immunoreactivity was evaluated independently by two researchers.Overall survival(OS) rates were determined using the Kaplan-Meier estimator.Correlations with other clinicopathologic factors were evaluated by two-tailed χ2 tests or a two-tailed t-test.The Cox proportional-hazard model was used in univariate analysis and multivariate analysis to identify factors significantly correlated with prognosis.RESULTS:Immunohistochemistry showed that 35.47% of total cancer tissue specimens had cytoplasmic PDH staining.PDH expression was much higher in normal mucosa specimens(75.09%;P = 0.001).PDH expression was correlated with Lauren grade(70.77% in intestinal type vs 40.0% in diffuse type;P = 0.001),lymph node metastasis(65.43% with no metastasis vs 51.09% with metastasis;P = 0.033),lymphatic invasion(61.62% with no invasion vs 38.81% with invasion;P = 0.002),histologic subtypes(70.77% in intestinal type vs 40.0% in diffuse type;P = 0.001) and tumor-node-metastasis(TNM) stage(39% in poorly differentiated vs 65.91% in well differentiated and 67.11% in moderately differentiated;P = 0.001) in GC.PDH expression in cancer tissue was significantly associated with higher OS(P < 0.001).The multivariate analysis adjusted for age,Lauren classification,TNM stage,lymph node metastasis,histological type,tumor size,depth of invasion and lymphatic invasion showed that the PDH expression in GC was an independent prognostic factor for higher OS(HR = 0.608,95%CI:0.504-0.734,P < 0.001).CONCLUSION:Our study indicated that PDH expression is an independent prognostic factor in GC patients and that positive expression of PDH may be predictive of favorable outcomes.展开更多
Additive manufacturing(AM)is an emerging customized three-dimensional(3D)functional product fabrication technology.It provides a higher degree of design freedom,reduces manufacturing steps,cost and production cycles.H...Additive manufacturing(AM)is an emerging customized three-dimensional(3D)functional product fabrication technology.It provides a higher degree of design freedom,reduces manufacturing steps,cost and production cycles.However,existing metallic component 3D printing techniques are mainly for the manufacture of single material components.With the increasing commercial applications of AM technologies,the need for 3D printing of more than one type of dissimilar materials in a single component increases.Therefore,investigations on multi-material AM(MMAM)emerge over the past decade.Lasers are currently widely used for the AM of metallic components where high temperatures are involved.Here we report the progress and trend in laser-based macro-and micro-scale AM of multiple metallic components.The methods covered in this paper include laser powder bed fusion,laser powder directed energy deposition,and laser-induced forward transfer for MMAM applications.The principles and process/material characteristics are described.Potential applications and challenges are discussed.Finally,future research directions and prospects are proposed.展开更多
Tremendous progress of developing nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)fluid analyzer has been witnessed in the oil industry for last two decades.This device allows extensive and accurate exploration of fluid properties,suc...Tremendous progress of developing nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)fluid analyzer has been witnessed in the oil industry for last two decades.This device allows extensive and accurate exploration of fluid properties,such as its hydrogen content,composition,viscosity,hydrogen index(HI),mud filtrate invasion,gas to oil ratio,average velocity,velocity distribution etc.,in the situations of in situ downhole or surface Petro-pipelines.In this review article,we focus on the design principle,manufacturing,implementation,methodology and applications of NMR fluid analyzer to oil and gas industry.A detailed description of the state-of-art NMR fluid analyzers was firstly given to exhibit their respective characteristics.With these experiences on hand,we introduced a series of NMR fluid analyzers designed by us at China University of Petroleum-Beijing with continuous optimizations,in terms of magnet construction,antenna layout,circuit design and operating surroundings.These systems discussed in this article have been demonstrated to achieve multiple NMR parameter acquisition when the fluid is in stationary or flowing state.In the end,a prototype was fabricated and validated considering a vast of engineering influences,such as variable temperatures in a large range,high pressure,limited volume,detection efficiency,etc.A particular emphasis of this paper is to expedite the measurement efficiency of the NMR fluid analyzer to reduce the operation costs.This dilemma can be Figured out by upgrading both pulse sequence and observational mode.For different fluid states,two rapid pulse sequences were proposed to sufficiently obtain the multi-dimensional NMR correlation map.Meanwhile,two observational modes were developed to take full advantage of the polarization time,during which the individual antenna was systematically switched.Another domain of interest in this review concerns the applications of this new tool.For stationary fluids case,accurate identification of fluid properties is of great value for scheme building in oil and gas exploration process.Particularly,it can acquire the fluid content by different NMR responses of different components.In addition,with Bloembergen theory and Stokes-Einstein equation,not only molecular dynamics and composition,but also oil viscosity can be readily evaluated.Moreover,HI information of crude oils will be speculated through partial least square regression.As for flowing fluids case,velocity is a significant parameter to understand the in situ fluid exploitation and therefore evaluate the productivity of certain oil wells or pipelines.Regarding to the unique magnet and antenna designs in our NMR fluid analyzer;this review adopts two distinct methods to obtain flow velocity at a wide rating scale.The first one is a time-of-flight method adaptive in a homogeneous magnetic field,which is suitable in the case of fluid at high flow velocity.The other one relies on the adjacent echo phase difference at a magnetic field with constant gradient,which is preferred for relatively low flow velocity.In the near future,this tool will be tested underground to offer individual fluid velocities by combining both the stationary and flowing analysis methods.展开更多
Background:Currently,there is no formal consensus regarding a standard classification for gastric cancer(GC)patients with<16 retrieved lymph nodes(rLNs).Here,this study aimed to validate a practical lymph node(LN)s...Background:Currently,there is no formal consensus regarding a standard classification for gastric cancer(GC)patients with<16 retrieved lymph nodes(rLNs).Here,this study aimed to validate a practical lymph node(LN)staging strategy to homogenize the nodal classification of GC cohorts comprising of both<16(Limited set)and≥16(Adequate set)rLNs.Methods:All patients in this study underwent R0 gastrectomy.The overall survival(OS)difference between the Limited and Adequate set from a large Chinese multicenter dataset was analyzed.Using the 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)pathological nodal classification(pN)for GC as base,a modified nodal classification(N’)resembling similar analogy as the 8th AJCC pN classification was developed.The performance of the proposed and 8th AJCC GC subgroups was compared and validated using the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)dataset comprising of 10,208 multi-ethnic GC cases.Results:Significant difference in OS between the Limited and Adequate set(corresponding N0–N3a)using the 8th AJCC system was observed but the OS of N0_(limited)vs.N1_(adequate),N1_(limited)vs.N2_(adequate),N2_(limited)vs.N3_(aadequate),and N3_(alimited)vs.N3_(badequate)subgroups was almost similar in the Chinese dataset.Therefore,we formulated an N’classification whereby only the nodal subgroups of the Limited set,except for pT1N0M0 cases as they underwent less extensive surgeries(D1 or D1+gastrectomy),were re-classified to one higher nodal subgroup,while those of the Adequate set remained unchanged(N’0=N0_(adequate)+pT1N0M0_(limited),N’1=N1_(adequate)+N0_(limited)(excluding pT1N0M0_(limited)),N’2=N2_(adequate)+N1_(limited),N’3a=N3_(aadequate)+N2_(limited),and N’3b=N3_(badequate)+N3_(alimited)).This N’classification demonstrated less heterogeneity in OS between the Limited and Adequate subgroups.Further analyses demonstrated superior statistical performance of the pTN’M system over the 8th AJCC edition and was successfully validated using the SEER dataset.Conclusion:The proposed nodal staging strategy was successfully validated in large multi-ethnic GC datasets and represents a practical approach for homogenizing the classification of GC cohorts comprising of patients with<16 and≥16 rLNs.展开更多
CC chemokine receptor 4(CCR4) is a kind of G-protein-coupled receptor,which plays a pivotal role in allergic inflammation.The interaction between 2-(2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-{[(naphthalen-1ylmethyl)-carbamoyl]-methyl}-4-...CC chemokine receptor 4(CCR4) is a kind of G-protein-coupled receptor,which plays a pivotal role in allergic inflammation.The interaction between 2-(2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-{[(naphthalen-1ylmethyl)-carbamoyl]-methyl}-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl)-N-(3-morpholin-4-yl-propyl)-acetamide(S009) and the N-terminal extracellular tail(ML40) of CCR4 has been validated to be high affinity by capillary zone electrophoresis(CZE).The S009 is a known CCR4 antagonist.Now,a series of new thiourea derivatives have been synthesized.Compared with positive control S009,they were screened using ML40 as target by CZE to find some new drugs for allergic inflammation diseases.The synthesized compounds XJH-5,XJH-4,XJH-17 and XJH-1 displayed the interaction with ML40,but XJH-9,XJH-10,XJH-11,XJH-12,XJH-13,XJH-14,XJH-3,XJH-8,XJH-6,XJH-7,XJH-15,XJH-16 and XJH-2 did not bind to ML40.Both qualification and quantification characterizations of the binding were determined.The affinity of the four compounds was valued by the binding constant,which was similar with the results of chemotactic experiments.The established CEZ method is capable of sensitive and fast screening for a series of lactam analogs in the drug discovery for allergic inflammation diseases.展开更多
To cope with the arbitrariness of the network delays,a novel method,referred to as the composite particle filter approach based on variational Bayesian(VB-CPF),is proposed herein to estimate the clock skew and clock o...To cope with the arbitrariness of the network delays,a novel method,referred to as the composite particle filter approach based on variational Bayesian(VB-CPF),is proposed herein to estimate the clock skew and clock offset in wireless sensor networks.VB-CPF is an improvement of the Gaussian mixture kalman particle filter(GMKPF)algorithm.In GMKPF,Expectation-Maximization(EM)algorithm needs to determine the number of mixture components in advance,and it is easy to generate overfitting and underfitting.Variational Bayesian EM(VB-EM)algorithm is introduced in this paper to determine the number of mixture components adaptively according to the observations.Moreover,to solve the problem of data packet loss caused by unreliable links,we propose a robust time synchronization(RTS)method in this paper.RTS establishes an autoregressive model for clock skew,and calculates the clock parameters based on the established autoregressive model in case of packet loss.The final simulation results illustrate that VB-CPF yields much more accurate results relative to GMKPF when the network delays are modeled in terms of an asymmetric Gaussian distribution.Moreover,RTS shows good robustness to the continuous and random dropout of time messages.展开更多
文摘Synchrotron radiation has transformed the role of xrays as a mainstream tool for probing the atomic and electronic structure of materials.Synchrotron-based xray sciences have been widely used to study the microscopic structure,electronic states,chemical composition.
文摘The dental operative microscope has been widely employed in the field of dentistry,particularly in endodontics and operative dentistry,resulting in significant advancements in the effectiveness of root canal therapy,endodontic surgery,and dental restoration.However,the improper use of this microscope continues to be common in clinical settings,primarily due to operators’insufficient understanding and proficiency in both the features and established operating procedures of this equipment.In October 2019,Professor Jingping Liang,Vice Chairman of the Society of Cariology and Endodontology,Chinese Stomatological Association,organized a consensus meeting with Chinese experts in endodontics and operative dentistry.The objective of this meeting was to establish a standard operation procedure for the dental operative microscope.Subsequently,a consensus was reached and officially issued.Over the span of about four years,the content of this consensus has been further developed and improved through practical experience.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52004297 and Grant No.51991361)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.BX20200384)。
文摘Kinds of complex-structure wells can effectively improve production,which are widely used.However,in the process of drilling and completion,complex-structure wells with long drilling cycle and large exposed area of reservoir can lead to the fact that reservoir near wellbore is more vulnerable to the working fluid invasion,resulting in more serious formation damage.In order to quantitatively describe the reservoir formation damage in the construction of complex-structure well,taking the inclined well section as the research object,the coordinate transformation method and conformal transformation method are given according to the flow characteristics of reservoir near wellbore in anisotropic reservoir.Then the local skin factor in orthogonal plane of wellbore is deduced.Considering the un-even distribution of local skin factor along the wellbore,the oscillation decreasing model and empirical equation model of damage zone radius distribution along the wellbore direction are established and then the total skin factor model of the whole well is superimposed to realize the reservoir damage evaluation of complex-structure wells.Combining the skin factor model with the production model,the production of complex-structure wells can be predicted more accurately.The two field application cases show that the accuracy of the model can be more than 90%,which can also fully reflect the invasion characteristics of drilling and completion fluid in any well section of complex-structure wells in anisotropic reservoir,so as to further provide guidance for the scientific establish-ment of reservoir production system.
文摘Difenoconazole(DIF)is a representative variety of broad-spectrum triazole fungicides and liposoluble pesticides.However,the water solubility of DIF is so poor that its application is limited in plant protection.In addition,the conventional formulations of DIF always contain abundant organic solvents,which may cause pollution of the environment.In this study,two DIF/cyclodextrins(CDs)inclusion complexes(ICs)were successfully prepared,which were DIF/β-CD IC and DIF/hydroxypropyl-β-CD IC(DIF/HP-β-CD IC).The effect of cyclodextrins on the water solubility and the antifungal effect of liposoluble DIF pesticide were investigated.According to the phase solubility test,the molar ratio and apparent stability constant of ICs were obtained.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,thermal gravity analysis,X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used systematically to characterize the formation and characteristics of ICs.The results noted that DIF successfully entered the cavities of two CDs.In addition,the antifungal effect test proved the better performance of DIF/HP-β-CD IC,which exceeded that of DIF emulsifiable concentrate.Therefore,our study provides informative direction for the intelligent use of liposoluble pesticides with cyclodextrins to develop water-based environmentally friendly formulations.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB3501302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51731001)supported by the State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization’s key of research and development projects。
文摘The easy-plane anisotropy of the Y_(2)Co_(17)rare earth soft magnetic alloy has high saturation magnetization and operating frequency,and good impedance matching.Therefore,it is expected to become a kind of high-performance microwave absorbing material.In this paper,Y_(2)Co_(17)alloy was prepared by a reduction-diffusion method,and its micropowder was prepared as polyurethane(PU)based composite absorbing materials(Y_(2)Co_(17)/PU composites).The microwave properties of composites with different volume fractions were calculated.The composites showed outstanding absorption characteristics in the range of 20-30 vol%,and the minimum reflection loss(RL)was less than-50 d B.When the volume fraction was25%,the effective absorption bandwidth could cover the X-band at a thickness of 1.5 mm,and the Ku-band at a thickness of1.08 mm.The absorption mechanism was analyzed by the interface reflection model.The RL absorption peak bandwidth mechanism was discussed by using the amplitude relation and calculating the effective absorption bandwidth at different thicknesses.The effective absorption bandwidth values were in good agreement with the theoretical expectation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11935012,12175052,and 11775065)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2022M722794)。
文摘In quantum open systems,non-Markovianity is an important phenomenon that allows a backflow of information from the environment to the system.In this work,we investigate the non-Markovianity problems in two different types of channels,where the system-environment interactions are treated with and without the rotating-wave approximation(RWA).We employ the quantum interferometric power(QIP)to quantify the non-Markovian dynamics,which is the minimal quantum Fisher information obtained by the local unitary evolution in a bipartite system.By the hierarchy equation method,we calculate the dynamical evolution of the QIP in the non-RWA case.The results show that the dynamical behavior under the non-RWA is significantly different from that under the RWA in both weak and strong coupling.Moreover,in the non-RWA case,we also find the nonmonotonic behavior of the non-Markovianity measure with the variation of coupling strength,which is caused by the competition between the rotating-wave terms and the counterrotating-wave terms.As a result,we highlight the importance of the counterrotating-wave terms for the influence of non-Markovianity.
文摘Background:Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is a complex chronic autoimmune disease with no known cure.However,the regulatory mechanism of immunity-related genes is not fully understood in SLE.In order to explore new therapeutic targets,we used bioinformatical methods to analyze a series of data.Methods:After downloading and processing the data from Gene Expression Omnibus database,the differentially expressed genes of SLE were analyzed.CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze the immune infiltration of SLE.Based on single-cell RNA-sequencing data,the role of immune-related genes in SLE and its target organ(kidney)were analyzed.Key transcription factors affecting immune-related genes were identified.Cell-cell communication networks in SLE were analyzed.Results:In total,15 hub genes and 4 transcription factors were found in the bulk data.Monocytes and macrophages in GSE81622(SLE)showed more infiltration.There were four cell types were annotated in scRNA sequencing dataset(GSE135779),as follows T cells,monocyte,NK cells and B cells.Immunity-related genes were overexpressed in monocytes.Conclusion:The present study shows that immune-related genes affect SLE through monocytes and play an important role in target organ renal injury.
基金supported in part by grants from the Programs of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81572372,No.81172080,No.81201773,No.81572372)National Key Research and Development Program(MOST-2016YFC1303202)+2 种基金National Precision Medicine Research Program(2017YFC0908300)the Application Foundation and Advanced Technology Program of Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission(15JCYBJC24800)the National Key Clinical Specialist Construction Programs of China(2013-544)
文摘Objective: To validate the necessity of increasing the examined lymph node(ELN) count for enhancing the accuracy of prognostic evaluation of gastric cancer(GC) patients after curative gastrectomy in multiple medical centers of China.Methods: The clinicopathological data of 7,620 patients who underwent the curative resection for GC between2001 and 2011 were included to demonstrate whether the ELN count is indispensable for enhancing the accuracy of prognostic evaluation of GC patients after surgery. After a meticulous stratification by using the cut-point survival analysis, all included 7,620 patients were allocated into three groups as: less than 16(<16), between 16 and30(16-30), and more than 30(>30) ELNs. Survival differences among various subgroups of GC patients were analyzed to assess the impact of the ELN count on the stage migration in accordance with the overall survival(OS)of GC patients.Results: Survival analyses revealed that the ELN count was positively correlated with the OS(P=0.001) and was an independent prognostic predictor(P<0.01) of 7,620 GC patients. Stratum analysis showed that the accuracy of prognostic evaluation could be enhanced when the ELN count was no less than 16(≥16) for node-negative patients and >30 for node-positive patients. Stage migrations were mainly detected in the various subgroups of patients with specific pN stages as follows: pN0 with 16-30 ELNs(pN0_(16-30)) and pN0 with >30 ELNs(pN0_(>30)), pN0 with <16 ELNs(pN0_(<16)) and pN1_(>30), pN1_(<16) and pN2_(16-30), pN1_(16-30) and pN2_(>30), pN3a_(<16) and pN3b_(16-30), and pN3a_(<16) and pN3b_(>30). These findings indicate that increasing the ELN count is a prerequisite to guarantee precisely prognostic evaluation of GC patients.Conclusions: The ELN count should be proposed to be >30 for acquiring the accurate prognostic evaluation for GC patients, especially for node-positive patients.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30370640
文摘AIM: To give the evidence for rationalizing surgical therapy for early gastric cancer with different lymph node status. METHODS: A series of 322 early gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy with more than 15 lymph nodes retrieved were reviewed in this study. The rate of lymph node metastasis was calculated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the independent factors for predicting lymph node metastasis. RESULTS: No metastasis was detected in No.5, 6 lymph nodes (LN) during proximal gastric cancer total gastrectomy, and in No.10, 11p, 11d during for combined resection of spleen and splenic artery and in No.15 LN during combined resection of transverse colon mesentery. No.11p, 12a, 14v LN were proved negative for metastasis. The global metastastic rate was 14.6% for LN, 5.9% for mucosa, and 22.4% for submucosa carcinoma, respectively. The metastasis in group Ⅱ?was almost limited in No.7, 8a LN. Multivariate analysis identified that the depth of invasion, histological type and lymphatic invasion were independent risk factors for LN metastasis. No metastasis from distal cancer (≤ 1.0 cm in diameter) was detected in group Ⅱ?LN. The metastasis rate increased significantly when the diameter exceeded 3.0 cm. All tumors (≤ 1.0 cm in diameter) with LN metastasis and mucosa invasion showed a depressed macroscopic type, and all protruded carcinomas were > 3.0 cm in diameter. CONCLUSION: Segmental/subtotal gastrectomy plus D1/D1 + No.7 should be performed for carcinoma (≤ 1.0 cm in diameter, protruded type and mucosa invasion).Subtotal gastrectomy plus D2 or D1 + No.7, 8a, 9 is the most rational operation, whereas No.11p, 12a, 14v lymphadenectomy should not be recommended routinely for poorly differentiated and depressed type of submucosa carcinoma (> 3.0 cm in diameter). Total gastrectomy should not be performed in proximal, so does combined resection or D2+/D3 lymphadenectomy.
基金Supported by Major Science and Technology Program in Henan Province,No.131100110200
文摘AIM:To test the pathogenicity of pseudorabies virus(PRV)variant HN1201 and compare its pathogenicity with a classical PRV Fa strain.METHODS:The pathogenicity of the newly-emerging PRV variant HN1201 was evaluated by different inoculating routes,virus loads,and ages of pigs.The classical PRV Fa strain was then used to compare with HN1201 to determine pathogenicity.Clinical symptoms after virus infection were recorded daily and average daily body weight was used to measure the growth performance of pigs.At necropsy,gross pathology and histopathology were used to evaluate the severity of tissue damage caused by virus infection.RESULTS:The results showed that the efficient infection method of RPV HN1201 was via intranasal inoculation at 107 TCID50,and that the virus has high pathogenicity to 35-to 127-d old pigs.Compared with Fa strain,pigs infected with HN1201 showed more severe clinical symptoms and pathological lesions.Immunochemistry results revealed HN1201 had more abundant antigen distribution in extensive organs.CONCLUSION:All of the above results suggest that PRV variant HN1201 was more pathogenic to pigs than the classical Fa strain.
基金Grants from the research projects in Liaoning Province Science and Technology Department,No.2007225017,No.2009225011-2 and No.2011415052Science and Technology projects in Shenyang City,No.F11-264-1-19
文摘AIM:To investigate the expression and prognostic role of pyruvate dehydrogenase(PDH) in gastric cancer(GC).METHODS:This study included 265 patients(194 male,71 female,mean age 59 years(range,29-81 years) with GC who underwent curative surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from January 2006 to May 2007.All patients were followed up for more than 5 years.Patient-derived paraffin embedded GC specimens were collected for tissue microarrays(TMAs).We examined PDH expression by immunohistochemistry in TMAs containing tumor tissue and matched nonneoplastic mucosa.Immunoreactivity was evaluated independently by two researchers.Overall survival(OS) rates were determined using the Kaplan-Meier estimator.Correlations with other clinicopathologic factors were evaluated by two-tailed χ2 tests or a two-tailed t-test.The Cox proportional-hazard model was used in univariate analysis and multivariate analysis to identify factors significantly correlated with prognosis.RESULTS:Immunohistochemistry showed that 35.47% of total cancer tissue specimens had cytoplasmic PDH staining.PDH expression was much higher in normal mucosa specimens(75.09%;P = 0.001).PDH expression was correlated with Lauren grade(70.77% in intestinal type vs 40.0% in diffuse type;P = 0.001),lymph node metastasis(65.43% with no metastasis vs 51.09% with metastasis;P = 0.033),lymphatic invasion(61.62% with no invasion vs 38.81% with invasion;P = 0.002),histologic subtypes(70.77% in intestinal type vs 40.0% in diffuse type;P = 0.001) and tumor-node-metastasis(TNM) stage(39% in poorly differentiated vs 65.91% in well differentiated and 67.11% in moderately differentiated;P = 0.001) in GC.PDH expression in cancer tissue was significantly associated with higher OS(P < 0.001).The multivariate analysis adjusted for age,Lauren classification,TNM stage,lymph node metastasis,histological type,tumor size,depth of invasion and lymphatic invasion showed that the PDH expression in GC was an independent prognostic factor for higher OS(HR = 0.608,95%CI:0.504-0.734,P < 0.001).CONCLUSION:Our study indicated that PDH expression is an independent prognostic factor in GC patients and that positive expression of PDH may be predictive of favorable outcomes.
文摘Additive manufacturing(AM)is an emerging customized three-dimensional(3D)functional product fabrication technology.It provides a higher degree of design freedom,reduces manufacturing steps,cost and production cycles.However,existing metallic component 3D printing techniques are mainly for the manufacture of single material components.With the increasing commercial applications of AM technologies,the need for 3D printing of more than one type of dissimilar materials in a single component increases.Therefore,investigations on multi-material AM(MMAM)emerge over the past decade.Lasers are currently widely used for the AM of metallic components where high temperatures are involved.Here we report the progress and trend in laser-based macro-and micro-scale AM of multiple metallic components.The methods covered in this paper include laser powder bed fusion,laser powder directed energy deposition,and laser-induced forward transfer for MMAM applications.The principles and process/material characteristics are described.Potential applications and challenges are discussed.Finally,future research directions and prospects are proposed.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21427812,41674137,51974337)National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2017ZX05019002-008)+1 种基金National"111 Project"(B13010)"863 Project"(2013AA064605)。
文摘Tremendous progress of developing nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)fluid analyzer has been witnessed in the oil industry for last two decades.This device allows extensive and accurate exploration of fluid properties,such as its hydrogen content,composition,viscosity,hydrogen index(HI),mud filtrate invasion,gas to oil ratio,average velocity,velocity distribution etc.,in the situations of in situ downhole or surface Petro-pipelines.In this review article,we focus on the design principle,manufacturing,implementation,methodology and applications of NMR fluid analyzer to oil and gas industry.A detailed description of the state-of-art NMR fluid analyzers was firstly given to exhibit their respective characteristics.With these experiences on hand,we introduced a series of NMR fluid analyzers designed by us at China University of Petroleum-Beijing with continuous optimizations,in terms of magnet construction,antenna layout,circuit design and operating surroundings.These systems discussed in this article have been demonstrated to achieve multiple NMR parameter acquisition when the fluid is in stationary or flowing state.In the end,a prototype was fabricated and validated considering a vast of engineering influences,such as variable temperatures in a large range,high pressure,limited volume,detection efficiency,etc.A particular emphasis of this paper is to expedite the measurement efficiency of the NMR fluid analyzer to reduce the operation costs.This dilemma can be Figured out by upgrading both pulse sequence and observational mode.For different fluid states,two rapid pulse sequences were proposed to sufficiently obtain the multi-dimensional NMR correlation map.Meanwhile,two observational modes were developed to take full advantage of the polarization time,during which the individual antenna was systematically switched.Another domain of interest in this review concerns the applications of this new tool.For stationary fluids case,accurate identification of fluid properties is of great value for scheme building in oil and gas exploration process.Particularly,it can acquire the fluid content by different NMR responses of different components.In addition,with Bloembergen theory and Stokes-Einstein equation,not only molecular dynamics and composition,but also oil viscosity can be readily evaluated.Moreover,HI information of crude oils will be speculated through partial least square regression.As for flowing fluids case,velocity is a significant parameter to understand the in situ fluid exploitation and therefore evaluate the productivity of certain oil wells or pipelines.Regarding to the unique magnet and antenna designs in our NMR fluid analyzer;this review adopts two distinct methods to obtain flow velocity at a wide rating scale.The first one is a time-of-flight method adaptive in a homogeneous magnetic field,which is suitable in the case of fluid at high flow velocity.The other one relies on the adjacent echo phase difference at a magnetic field with constant gradient,which is preferred for relatively low flow velocity.In the near future,this tool will be tested underground to offer individual fluid velocities by combining both the stationary and flowing analysis methods.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81802451)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017M622879)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2114050002182,2018A030313827 and 2021A1515011327)the Young Teacher Training Program of Sun Yat-sen University(19ykpy172).
文摘Background:Currently,there is no formal consensus regarding a standard classification for gastric cancer(GC)patients with<16 retrieved lymph nodes(rLNs).Here,this study aimed to validate a practical lymph node(LN)staging strategy to homogenize the nodal classification of GC cohorts comprising of both<16(Limited set)and≥16(Adequate set)rLNs.Methods:All patients in this study underwent R0 gastrectomy.The overall survival(OS)difference between the Limited and Adequate set from a large Chinese multicenter dataset was analyzed.Using the 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)pathological nodal classification(pN)for GC as base,a modified nodal classification(N’)resembling similar analogy as the 8th AJCC pN classification was developed.The performance of the proposed and 8th AJCC GC subgroups was compared and validated using the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)dataset comprising of 10,208 multi-ethnic GC cases.Results:Significant difference in OS between the Limited and Adequate set(corresponding N0–N3a)using the 8th AJCC system was observed but the OS of N0_(limited)vs.N1_(adequate),N1_(limited)vs.N2_(adequate),N2_(limited)vs.N3_(aadequate),and N3_(alimited)vs.N3_(badequate)subgroups was almost similar in the Chinese dataset.Therefore,we formulated an N’classification whereby only the nodal subgroups of the Limited set,except for pT1N0M0 cases as they underwent less extensive surgeries(D1 or D1+gastrectomy),were re-classified to one higher nodal subgroup,while those of the Adequate set remained unchanged(N’0=N0_(adequate)+pT1N0M0_(limited),N’1=N1_(adequate)+N0_(limited)(excluding pT1N0M0_(limited)),N’2=N2_(adequate)+N1_(limited),N’3a=N3_(aadequate)+N2_(limited),and N’3b=N3_(badequate)+N3_(alimited)).This N’classification demonstrated less heterogeneity in OS between the Limited and Adequate subgroups.Further analyses demonstrated superior statistical performance of the pTN’M system over the 8th AJCC edition and was successfully validated using the SEER dataset.Conclusion:The proposed nodal staging strategy was successfully validated in large multi-ethnic GC datasets and represents a practical approach for homogenizing the classification of GC cohorts comprising of patients with<16 and≥16 rLNs.
基金supported by the National Key New Drug Creation Program of China (2009ZX09103-724)the National Natural Science Foundation of China grants(30872292,90813025 and 81072612)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (7102107)the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs(K20090207)the National New Drug Research and Development Project of China (2009ZX09301-010)
文摘CC chemokine receptor 4(CCR4) is a kind of G-protein-coupled receptor,which plays a pivotal role in allergic inflammation.The interaction between 2-(2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-{[(naphthalen-1ylmethyl)-carbamoyl]-methyl}-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl)-N-(3-morpholin-4-yl-propyl)-acetamide(S009) and the N-terminal extracellular tail(ML40) of CCR4 has been validated to be high affinity by capillary zone electrophoresis(CZE).The S009 is a known CCR4 antagonist.Now,a series of new thiourea derivatives have been synthesized.Compared with positive control S009,they were screened using ML40 as target by CZE to find some new drugs for allergic inflammation diseases.The synthesized compounds XJH-5,XJH-4,XJH-17 and XJH-1 displayed the interaction with ML40,but XJH-9,XJH-10,XJH-11,XJH-12,XJH-13,XJH-14,XJH-3,XJH-8,XJH-6,XJH-7,XJH-15,XJH-16 and XJH-2 did not bind to ML40.Both qualification and quantification characterizations of the binding were determined.The affinity of the four compounds was valued by the binding constant,which was similar with the results of chemotactic experiments.The established CEZ method is capable of sensitive and fast screening for a series of lactam analogs in the drug discovery for allergic inflammation diseases.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61672299)the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province of China(No.18KJB520035)+2 种基金the Youth Foundation of Nanjing University of Finance and Economics(No.L-JXL18002)the Youth Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(No.NY218142)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20160913).
文摘To cope with the arbitrariness of the network delays,a novel method,referred to as the composite particle filter approach based on variational Bayesian(VB-CPF),is proposed herein to estimate the clock skew and clock offset in wireless sensor networks.VB-CPF is an improvement of the Gaussian mixture kalman particle filter(GMKPF)algorithm.In GMKPF,Expectation-Maximization(EM)algorithm needs to determine the number of mixture components in advance,and it is easy to generate overfitting and underfitting.Variational Bayesian EM(VB-EM)algorithm is introduced in this paper to determine the number of mixture components adaptively according to the observations.Moreover,to solve the problem of data packet loss caused by unreliable links,we propose a robust time synchronization(RTS)method in this paper.RTS establishes an autoregressive model for clock skew,and calculates the clock parameters based on the established autoregressive model in case of packet loss.The final simulation results illustrate that VB-CPF yields much more accurate results relative to GMKPF when the network delays are modeled in terms of an asymmetric Gaussian distribution.Moreover,RTS shows good robustness to the continuous and random dropout of time messages.
