Dear Editor, This letter provides a simple framework to generalized zero-shot learning for fault diagnosis. For industrial process monitoring, supervised learning and zero-shot learning(ZSL) can only deal with seen an...Dear Editor, This letter provides a simple framework to generalized zero-shot learning for fault diagnosis. For industrial process monitoring, supervised learning and zero-shot learning(ZSL) can only deal with seen and unseen faults, respectively. However, in the online monitoring stage of the actual industrial process, both seen and unseen faults may occur. This makes supervised learning and zero-shot learning impractical in industrial process monitoring.展开更多
Due to the hidden nature of roots in the soils, it is more challenging to investigate their resistance traits and defense responses as compared to those of the aerial organs. At the same time, it is self-evident that ...Due to the hidden nature of roots in the soils, it is more challenging to investigate their resistance traits and defense responses as compared to those of the aerial organs. At the same time, it is self-evident that root health is fundamental to a plant’s entire life and productivity. It is also easily conceivable that root function, physiology, morphology, and architecture are constantly impacted by the complex soil environment including both biotic and abiotic factors. This report summarizes and updates the challenges and progress in evaluating resistance responses of apple root to infection from a necrotrophic oomycete pathogen, Pythium ultimum. Several obstacles impede the progress of investigating apple root resistance traits including the difficulties of direct and real-time evaluation and the lack of a continuous supply of apple plants for repeated infection assays. Systematic and detailed analyses were made possible by implementing a micropropagation procedure for continuously generating uniform apple plants for repeated infection assays. As a result, an elite panel of apple rootstock germplasm with distinct resistance levels was identified. These apple rootstock genotypes with well-defined resistance levels are the much-needed plant materials for subsequent genomics and transgenics analyses to define the functional roles of specific candidate genes. Careful microscopic examination revealed contrasting necrosis progression patterns between resistant and susceptible genotypes, which shed light on the potential mechanisms underlying resistance traits. Our continuing research will provide a clearer view regarding the genetic elements regulating resistance traits in apple roots to P. ultimum infection.展开更多
LIN28A,an RNA-binding protein,plays an important role in porcine induced pluripotent stem cells(piPSCs).However,the molecular mechanism underlying the function of LIN28A in the maintenance of pluripotency in piPSCs re...LIN28A,an RNA-binding protein,plays an important role in porcine induced pluripotent stem cells(piPSCs).However,the molecular mechanism underlying the function of LIN28A in the maintenance of pluripotency in piPSCs remains unclear.Here,we explored the function of LIN28A in piPSCs based on its overexpression and knockdown.We performed total RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)of piPSCs and detected the expression levels of relevant genes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),western blot analysis,and immunofluorescence staining.Results indicated that piPSC proliferation ability decreased following LIN28A knockdown.Furthermore,when LIN28A expression in the shLIN28A2 group was lower(by 20%)than that in the negative control knockdown group(shNC),the pluripotency of piPSCs disappeared and they differentiated into neuroectoderm cells.Results also showed that LIN28A overexpression inhibited the expression of DUSP(dual-specificity phosphatases)family phosphatases and activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway.Thus,LIN28A appears to activate the MAPK signaling pathway to maintain the pluripotency and proliferation ability of piPSCs.Our study provides a new resource for exploring the functions of LIN28A in piPSCs.展开更多
The genotype-specific defense activation in the roots of perennial tree crops to soilborne necrotrophic pathogens remains largely unknown.A recent phenotyping study indicated that the apple rootstock genotypes B.9 and...The genotype-specific defense activation in the roots of perennial tree crops to soilborne necrotrophic pathogens remains largely unknown.A recent phenotyping study indicated that the apple rootstock genotypes B.9 and G.935 have contrasting resistance responses to infection by Pythium ultimum.In the current study,a comparative transcriptome analysis by Illumina Solexa HiSeq 3000 platform was carried out to identify the global transcriptional regulation networks between the susceptible B.9 and the resistant G.935 to P.ultimum infection.Thirty-six libraries were sequenced to cover three timepoints after pathogen inoculation,with three biological replicates for each sample.The transcriptomes in the roots of the susceptible genotype B.9 were reflected by overrepresented differentially expressed genes(DEGs)with downregulated patterns and systematic suppression of cellular processes at 48 h post inoculation(hpi).In contrast,DEGs with annotated functions,such as kinase receptors,MAPK signaling,JA biosynthesis enzymes,transcription factors,and transporters,were readily induced at 24 hpi and continued upregulation at 48 hpi in G.935 roots.The earlier and stronger defense activation is likely associated with an effective inhibition of necrosis progression in G.935 roots.Lack of effector-triggered immunity or existence of a susceptibility gene could contribute to the severely disturbed transcriptome and susceptibility in B.9 roots.The identified DEGs constitute a valuable resource for hypothesis-driven studies to elucidate the resistance/tolerance mechanisms in apple roots and validating their potential association with resistance traits.展开更多
Objective： We aimed to evaluate the efficiency of serum testosterone suppression as well as the potential for agonistic stimulation of serum testosterone during chronic treatment with monthly （3.75 mg） depot formul...Objective： We aimed to evaluate the efficiency of serum testosterone suppression as well as the potential for agonistic stimulation of serum testosterone during chronic treatment with monthly （3.75 mg） depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres for patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Methods： A total of 23 patients with metastatic prostate cancer were enrolled in the prospective study and received 6 monthly intramuscular depot injections of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres. Their levels and patterns of serum testosterone suppression and the potential for agonistic stimulation of serum testosterone were monitored following injection monthly （3.75 rag） depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres for 24 weeks. Results： Mean testosterone was 431.4 ng/dL, 119.3 ng/dL, 28.2 ng/dL by week 1, 2, 3 and decreased to less than 15.6 ng/dL by week 4 where it remained throughout the treatment period. Median time to suppression of serum testosterone was 20.7 days. No transient minor ＂escape＂ from suppression occurred in all patients which was defined as a single testosterone value greater than 50 ng/dL once suppression was achieved. Assessment of agonistic stimulation following the second depot injection revealed no pattern of stimulation. Conclusion： We concluded that monthly （3.75 mg） depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres could provide persistent, stable suppression of serum testosterone throughout the dosing intervals, and that the initial depot injection of this formulation also could provide sufficient pituitary desensitization to prevent agnostic stimulation of serum testosterone during chronic treatment.展开更多
The effects of mono-valent cations, Li^+, K^+, Rb^+, Cs^+ and NH_4^+, on ^(23)Na NMR were investigated. It was found that the chemical shifts for Na^+ signal shifted downfield with the increase in the relative amounts...The effects of mono-valent cations, Li^+, K^+, Rb^+, Cs^+ and NH_4^+, on ^(23)Na NMR were investigated. It was found that the chemical shifts for Na^+ signal shifted downfield with the increase in the relative amounts of monovalent cations. It was suggested that mono-valent cations had competition coordination with Na^+ for Dy(PPP)_2^(7-).展开更多
BACKGROUND In this case study,a minimally invasive transalveolar approach using platelet-rich fibrin and bone substitute with simultaneous implantation was carried out in an elderly patient.We analyzed the cone-beam c...BACKGROUND In this case study,a minimally invasive transalveolar approach using platelet-rich fibrin and bone substitute with simultaneous implantation was carried out in an elderly patient.We analyzed the cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)findings to evaluate bone regeneration.CASE SUMMARY A 65-year-old female with no contraindications for dental implants and loss of maxillary bilateral molars is described.Examination by CBCT showed the available vertical bone height in the bilateral posterior maxilla was 0.5-6.8 mm in the left and 2.8-6.5 mm in the right.The patient underwent a transalveolar approach using platelet-rich fibrin and bone substitute with simulataneous placement of an implant 10 mm in length.Six months post-surgery,the implant showed excellent osseointegration with the bone graft.Thereafter,full-ceramic crowns were fitted.Follow-up at 2 years demonstrated satisfactory prognosis.CONCLUSION Platelet-rich fibrin and bone substitute can be used to augment the maxillary sinus with a vertical bone height less than 4 mm.展开更多
High-temperature,high-power converters have gained importance in industrial applications given their ability to operate in adverse environments,such as in petroleum exploration,multi-electric aircrafts,and electric ve...High-temperature,high-power converters have gained importance in industrial applications given their ability to operate in adverse environments,such as in petroleum exploration,multi-electric aircrafts,and electric vehicles.SiC metaloxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET),a new,wide bandgap,high-temperature device,is the key component of these converters.In this study,the static and dynamic characteristics of the SiC MOSFET,half-bridge module,are investigated at the junction temperature of 180℃.A simplified experimental method is then proposed pertaining to the power operation of the SiC module at 180℃.This method is based on the use of a thermal resistance test platform and is proven convenient for the study of heat dissipation characteristics.The high-temperature characteristics of the module are verified based on the conducted experiments.Accordingly,a 100 kW high-temperature converter is built,and the test results show that the SiC converter can operate at a junction temperature of 180℃in a stable manner in compliance with the requirements of high-temperature,high-power applications.展开更多
Plant resistance responses against invading pathogens require a coordinated set of cellular processes to optimize the effective defense output.Previous transcriptome analyses have identified a multi-phase and multi-la...Plant resistance responses against invading pathogens require a coordinated set of cellular processes to optimize the effective defense output.Previous transcriptome analyses have identified a multi-phase and multi-layered defense strategy in apple root towards infection from a necrotrophic oomycete pathogen Pythium ultimum.Among the identified apple genes,members of the laccase gene family represent an actively regulated group at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels.In this study,several apple laccase genes were selected for further analyses on their sequence features and potential roles during defense activation in apple roots.Their bioinformatic specifics,genotype-specific induction,and lignin deposition patterns during pathogen infection were examined between two apple rootstock genotypes,a resistant O3R5-#161 and a susceptible O3R5-#132.The sequences these laccase genes contain the conserved cu-oxidase domains and the characteristic gene structures with MdLAC7a as an exception.While MdLAC3 and MdLAC5 showed a partial induction to P.ultimum infection,both MdLAC7a and MdLAC7b genes demonstrated consistent and high-level inducibility.Moreover,MdLAC7b exhibited a differential expression pattern,with a higher expression in the resistant O3R5-#161.Lignin deposition appeared to be stronger in the infected root of the resistant genotype compared to that of the susceptible one.The efficient lignin biosynthesis and deposition at the initial stage of infection is crucial for impeding the progression of this fastgrowing necrotrophic pathogen.Future study regarding the role of MdLAC7b,including the transgenic manipulation and biochemical analysis,should provide more definitive evidence for its contribution to resistance to P.ultimum infection.展开更多
Fibre-reinforced polymer(FRP)/rigid polyurethane foam(RPUF)interface is susceptible to moisture intrusion in addition to natural ageing during operation.This study investigated the influence of moisture intrusion on t...Fibre-reinforced polymer(FRP)/rigid polyurethane foam(RPUF)interface is susceptible to moisture intrusion in addition to natural ageing during operation.This study investigated the influence of moisture intrusion on the FRP/RPUF interface under natural ageing using experiments and molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.Water absorption,shear strength,and leakage current tests were used to clarify the changes in the interface performance.The degradation mechanism of moisture intrusion at the interface under natural ageing was revealed by MD simulation and micro-characterisation.The results show that the natural ageing of interfacial materials will slightly reduce the quality of the interface but will reduce the water resistance of the material and promote the process of water intrusion into the interface.In addition,water mainly invades the interface through RPUF.After water penetration,the interfacial bonding strength and insulation performance significantly decreased.Plasticisation and hydrolysis of interfacial materials are the main reasons for decreased interfacial adhesion.Hydrolysis can cause irreversible damage to the interface,increasing interface defects and water absorption.The vicious cycle of material hydrolysis is the ultimate cause of interfacial debonding.The polar molecules produced by this process and the water absorbed by the interface caused the degradation of the interface insulation performance.展开更多
Hypertension is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness,which contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD^(+))is an indispens...Hypertension is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness,which contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD^(+))is an indispensable cofactor in all living cells that is involved in fundamental biological processes.However,in hypertensive patients,alterations in NAD^(+)levels and their relation with blood pressure(BP)elevation and vascular damage have not yet been studied.展开更多
Melanoma is the most aggressive cutaneous tumor.Neuropilin and tolloid-like 2(NETO2)is closely related to tumorigenesis.However,the functional significance of NETO2 in melanoma progression remains unclear.Herein,we fo...Melanoma is the most aggressive cutaneous tumor.Neuropilin and tolloid-like 2(NETO2)is closely related to tumorigenesis.However,the functional significance of NETO2 in melanoma progression remains unclear.Herein,we found that NETO2 expression was augmented in melanoma clinical tissues and associated with poor prognosis in melanoma patients.Disrupting NETO2 expression markedly inhibited melanoma proliferation,malignant growth,migration,and invasion by downregulating the levels of calcium ions(Ca^(2+))and the expression of key genes involved in the calcium signaling pathway.By contrast,NETO2 overexpression had the opposite effects.Importantly,pharmacological inhibition of CaMKII/CREB activity with the CaMKII inhibitor KN93 suppressed NETO2-induced proliferation and melanoma metastasis.Overall,this study uncovered the crucial role of NETO2-mediated regulation in melanoma progression,indicating that targeting NETO2 may effectively improve melanoma treatment.展开更多
Public safety incidents caused by bacterial infections have attracted widespread attention towards antibacterial textiles(fibers,fabrics,etc.).Nevertheless,it is still challenging to efficiently load inorganic nano-an...Public safety incidents caused by bacterial infections have attracted widespread attention towards antibacterial textiles(fibers,fabrics,etc.).Nevertheless,it is still challenging to efficiently load inorganic nano-antibacterial materials in polymer fibers.In this work,zirconium phosphate(ZrP,layered micro-nano materials)was utilized as a micro-nano carrier.The octadecyl triphenyl phosphonium bromide(OTP)was intercalated between the ZrP sheets by the ion exchange method to improve the carrier-polymer compatibility and the antibacterial performance.Through in-situ chemical reduction,the ultra-small nano-sized cuprous oxide(Cu_(2)O<5 nm)was loaded on the outer surface of ZrP to realize the uniform and stable dispersion of the Cu_(2)O on the carrier and improve the antibacterial performance.The ZrP nanosheets loaded with Cu_(2)O and OTP(Cu_(2)O@OZrP)had excellent antibacterial properties,and the antibacterial rate against E.coli,S.aureus and C.albicans was more than 99%.The intercalation amount of OTP in Cu_(2)O@OZrP can reach 16%,and the thermal stability was excellent and a significant increase in the Zeta potential.Indeed,the decomposition temperature was greater than 350℃,which was suitable for high-temperature melt processing of polymers.Consequently,we prepared PET/Cu_(2)O@OZrP fibers using polyethylene glycol terephthalate(PET),which accounts for 70%of the total chemical fibers,as the fiber matrix.PET/Cu_(2)O@OZrP fibers exhibited excellent mechanical property and antibacterial performance when the content of Cu_(2)O@OZrP was only 0.2%.The antibacterial rate against five types of bacteria including super bacteria(MRSA,VRE)was more than 99%.展开更多
High speed steel has been widely used in various fields due to their excellent red hardness and good wear resistance. However, the influence of mischmetal （Ce-La） on the as-cast microstructures and mechanical proper...High speed steel has been widely used in various fields due to their excellent red hardness and good wear resistance. However, the influence of mischmetal （Ce-La） on the as-cast microstructures and mechanical properties of high speed steel has rarely been reported. Thus, the microstructure and mechanical properties of M2 high speed steel with addition of mischmetal （Ce-La） were investigated. The morphology and distribution of the eutectic carbides of the steel were observed by using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the impact toughness and bending strength were tested. The results show that adding mischmetal has an obvious effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of M2 high speed steel. The coarse eutectic structure is refined, the weak connection of the carbide networks is broken and the flake carbides become short and fine. More networks of eutectic carbides dissolve into the matrix. When a suitable adding content of mischmetal is selected, for example, 0.3 mass%, the impact strength and bending strength can increase by 27% and 10.76% compared with that without misehmetal, respectively.展开更多
Background： The medium-to-long-term use of antimuscarinics alone or in combination with an α-blocker in men with an enlarged prostate is still controversial. This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinica...Background： The medium-to-long-term use of antimuscarinics alone or in combination with an α-blocker in men with an enlarged prostate is still controversial. This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of medium-to-long-term use of tolterodine extended release （ER） with or without tamsulosin in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia （BPH） and larger prostate size. Methods： Totally, 152 patients （age ≥50 years） with BPH, International Prostate Symptom Score （IPSS） ≥12, quality-of-life （QoL） score ≥3, and total prostate volume ≥25 ml were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomized into four groups （n = 38 in each） to receive tolterodine ER placebo plus tamsulosin placebo, 0.2 mg tamsulosin plus tolterodine ER placebo, 4 mg tolterodine ER plus tamsulosin placebo, or tolterodine ER plus tamsulosin once daily for 24 weeks. IPSS （total, storage, and voiding subscales）, QoL, maximum urinary flow rate （Qmax）, and postvoid residual volume （PVR） were collected at baseline, and at weeks 4, 12, and 24. Results： Compared with placebo, tolterodine ER plus tamsulosin significantly improved total IPSS （？7.15, ？12.20, and ？14.66 vs. ？3.51, ？5.78, and ？7.23）, storage IPSS （？3.56, ？5.63, and ？6.66 vs. ？1.52, ？1.21, and ？2.43）, voiding IPSS （？2.88, ？5.10, and ？6.48 vs. ？1.52, ？3.03, and ？2.97）, QoL （？1.21, ？2.40, and ？3.21 vs. ？0.39, ？1.41, and ？1.60）, Qmax （2.21, 7.97, and 9.72 ml/s vs. 2.15, 2.44, and 2.73 ml/s）, and PVR （？17.88, ？26.97, and ？27.89 ml vs. ？12.03, ？11.16, and ？16.73 ml） at weeks 4, 12, and 24, respectively; the differences were all statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）. Adverse events （AEs） were not increased with treatment progression. Tolterodine ER alone did not improve total IPSS （？4.61, ？6.79, and ？5.70）, voiding IPSS （？0.64, ？1.83, and ？1.45）, QoL （？0.69, ？1.21, and ？1.41）, or Qmax（？0.79, 2.83, and 1.11 ml/s）, compared with placebo （all P 〉 0.05）. However, a gradual increase in PVR （10.03, 10.41, and 12.89 ml） and more urinary AEs suggestive of urinary retention （11/38 vs. 4/38） were observed. Conclusion： Medium-to-long-term use of tolterodine ER plus tamsulosin should be recommended in patients with BPH and an enlarged prostate volume.展开更多
Most of the structural alloys’applications are under static,dynamic,and cyclic forms of loading.Ti-5553 alloy in the beta phase field is being investigated to confirm the mechanism of deformation and phase transforma...Most of the structural alloys’applications are under static,dynamic,and cyclic forms of loading.Ti-5553 alloy in the beta phase field is being investigated to confirm the mechanism of deformation and phase transformation upon quasi-static and dynamic compression.The Ti-5553 alloy was heat-treated at 900℃ (almost 50℃ above beta transus temperature)for one hour of soaking time followed by air quenching to achieve a fullyβphase field.After that,Dynamic compression(DC)by Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB)and Quasi-static compression(QSC)were performed at a strain rate of~10^3)/s and 10^(-3)/s,respectively.Recovered specimens were thoroughly examined by using different tools,such as an Optical microscope(OM),Scanning electron microscope(SEM),High-resolution transmission electron microscope(HRTEM),and Electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)to get the reliable data for justification of logical conclusions.It is found that the dominating mode of deformation was dislocation slip along with twinning({332}<113>)to some extent in both of QSC and DC,but sliding&spalling of the grain boundary is observed more in the former.Stress-induced phase transformation,i.e.,βtoα"andβtoω,took place in the grains saturated with dislocation slips,where the former transformation occurred simultaneously with{332}<113>twinning,whileβtoωtransformation was completed when a set of two adjacent(110)_(β)planes covered±1/6th of the total separation distance between two(next to each other)(111)_(β)planes,by equal but opposite shear in(111)_(β)direction,and it caused 3%shrinkage of two closed packed(110)_(β)planes after transformation.展开更多
The growing penetration of electric vehicles(EVs)and the popularity of fast charging stations(FCSs)have greatly strengthened the coupling of the urban power network(PN)and traffic network(TN).In this paper,a potential...The growing penetration of electric vehicles(EVs)and the popularity of fast charging stations(FCSs)have greatly strengthened the coupling of the urban power network(PN)and traffic network(TN).In this paper,a potential security threat of the PN-TN coupling is revealed.Different from traditional loads,a regional FCS outage can lead to both the spatial and temporal redistribution of EV charging loads due to EV mobility,which further leads to a power flow redistribution.To assess the resulting potential threats,an integrated PN-TN modeling framework is developed,where the PN is described by a direct current optimal power flow model,and the TN is depicted by an energy-constraint traffic assignment problem.To protect the privacy of the two networks,an FCS outage distribution factor is proposed to describe the spatial-temporal redistribution ratio of the charging load among the remaining I FCSs.Moreover,to protect the security of the coupled networks,a price-based preventive regulation method,based on the spatial demand elasticity of the EV charging load,is developed to reallocate the charging load as a solution for insecure situations.Numerical simulation results validate the existence of the PN-TN coupling threat and demonstrate the effectiveness of the regulation method to exploit the spatial flexibility of EV loads.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61703158)the Zhejiang Provincial Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project(LGG22F030023,LTGS23F030003)the Huzhou Municipal Natural Science Foundation of China(2021YZ03)。
文摘Dear Editor, This letter provides a simple framework to generalized zero-shot learning for fault diagnosis. For industrial process monitoring, supervised learning and zero-shot learning(ZSL) can only deal with seen and unseen faults, respectively. However, in the online monitoring stage of the actual industrial process, both seen and unseen faults may occur. This makes supervised learning and zero-shot learning impractical in industrial process monitoring.
文摘Due to the hidden nature of roots in the soils, it is more challenging to investigate their resistance traits and defense responses as compared to those of the aerial organs. At the same time, it is self-evident that root health is fundamental to a plant’s entire life and productivity. It is also easily conceivable that root function, physiology, morphology, and architecture are constantly impacted by the complex soil environment including both biotic and abiotic factors. This report summarizes and updates the challenges and progress in evaluating resistance responses of apple root to infection from a necrotrophic oomycete pathogen, Pythium ultimum. Several obstacles impede the progress of investigating apple root resistance traits including the difficulties of direct and real-time evaluation and the lack of a continuous supply of apple plants for repeated infection assays. Systematic and detailed analyses were made possible by implementing a micropropagation procedure for continuously generating uniform apple plants for repeated infection assays. As a result, an elite panel of apple rootstock germplasm with distinct resistance levels was identified. These apple rootstock genotypes with well-defined resistance levels are the much-needed plant materials for subsequent genomics and transgenics analyses to define the functional roles of specific candidate genes. Careful microscopic examination revealed contrasting necrosis progression patterns between resistant and susceptible genotypes, which shed light on the potential mechanisms underlying resistance traits. Our continuing research will provide a clearer view regarding the genetic elements regulating resistance traits in apple roots to P. ultimum infection.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research,Development Program of China-Stem Cell and Translational Research(2016YFA0100200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072806,31572399,61772431,62072377)+1 种基金Program of Shaanxi Province Science and Technology Innovation Team(2019TD-036)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Northwest A&F University(Z1090219146,Z102022004)。
文摘LIN28A,an RNA-binding protein,plays an important role in porcine induced pluripotent stem cells(piPSCs).However,the molecular mechanism underlying the function of LIN28A in the maintenance of pluripotency in piPSCs remains unclear.Here,we explored the function of LIN28A in piPSCs based on its overexpression and knockdown.We performed total RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)of piPSCs and detected the expression levels of relevant genes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),western blot analysis,and immunofluorescence staining.Results indicated that piPSC proliferation ability decreased following LIN28A knockdown.Furthermore,when LIN28A expression in the shLIN28A2 group was lower(by 20%)than that in the negative control knockdown group(shNC),the pluripotency of piPSCs disappeared and they differentiated into neuroectoderm cells.Results also showed that LIN28A overexpression inhibited the expression of DUSP(dual-specificity phosphatases)family phosphatases and activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway.Thus,LIN28A appears to activate the MAPK signaling pathway to maintain the pluripotency and proliferation ability of piPSCs.Our study provides a new resource for exploring the functions of LIN28A in piPSCs.
基金supported by USDA ARS base fund and the research fund from Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission.
文摘The genotype-specific defense activation in the roots of perennial tree crops to soilborne necrotrophic pathogens remains largely unknown.A recent phenotyping study indicated that the apple rootstock genotypes B.9 and G.935 have contrasting resistance responses to infection by Pythium ultimum.In the current study,a comparative transcriptome analysis by Illumina Solexa HiSeq 3000 platform was carried out to identify the global transcriptional regulation networks between the susceptible B.9 and the resistant G.935 to P.ultimum infection.Thirty-six libraries were sequenced to cover three timepoints after pathogen inoculation,with three biological replicates for each sample.The transcriptomes in the roots of the susceptible genotype B.9 were reflected by overrepresented differentially expressed genes(DEGs)with downregulated patterns and systematic suppression of cellular processes at 48 h post inoculation(hpi).In contrast,DEGs with annotated functions,such as kinase receptors,MAPK signaling,JA biosynthesis enzymes,transcription factors,and transporters,were readily induced at 24 hpi and continued upregulation at 48 hpi in G.935 roots.The earlier and stronger defense activation is likely associated with an effective inhibition of necrosis progression in G.935 roots.Lack of effector-triggered immunity or existence of a susceptibility gene could contribute to the severely disturbed transcriptome and susceptibility in B.9 roots.The identified DEGs constitute a valuable resource for hypothesis-driven studies to elucidate the resistance/tolerance mechanisms in apple roots and validating their potential association with resistance traits.
基金Supported by a grant from the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KF2011-12)
文摘Objective： We aimed to evaluate the efficiency of serum testosterone suppression as well as the potential for agonistic stimulation of serum testosterone during chronic treatment with monthly （3.75 mg） depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres for patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Methods： A total of 23 patients with metastatic prostate cancer were enrolled in the prospective study and received 6 monthly intramuscular depot injections of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres. Their levels and patterns of serum testosterone suppression and the potential for agonistic stimulation of serum testosterone were monitored following injection monthly （3.75 rag） depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres for 24 weeks. Results： Mean testosterone was 431.4 ng/dL, 119.3 ng/dL, 28.2 ng/dL by week 1, 2, 3 and decreased to less than 15.6 ng/dL by week 4 where it remained throughout the treatment period. Median time to suppression of serum testosterone was 20.7 days. No transient minor ＂escape＂ from suppression occurred in all patients which was defined as a single testosterone value greater than 50 ng/dL once suppression was achieved. Assessment of agonistic stimulation following the second depot injection revealed no pattern of stimulation. Conclusion： We concluded that monthly （3.75 mg） depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres could provide persistent, stable suppression of serum testosterone throughout the dosing intervals, and that the initial depot injection of this formulation also could provide sufficient pituitary desensitization to prevent agnostic stimulation of serum testosterone during chronic treatment.
文摘The effects of mono-valent cations, Li^+, K^+, Rb^+, Cs^+ and NH_4^+, on ^(23)Na NMR were investigated. It was found that the chemical shifts for Na^+ signal shifted downfield with the increase in the relative amounts of monovalent cations. It was suggested that mono-valent cations had competition coordination with Na^+ for Dy(PPP)_2^(7-).
基金Supported by the Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project,No.20180101123JC13th Five-Year Science and Technology Project of Jilin Provincial Education Department,No.JJKH20190096KJ+2 种基金Jilin Province Health and Health Technology Innovation Project,No.2018J072Project of Jilin Provincial Development and Reform Commission,No.2019C051-2and Jilin Province TCM Science and Technology Project,No.2019036。
文摘BACKGROUND In this case study,a minimally invasive transalveolar approach using platelet-rich fibrin and bone substitute with simultaneous implantation was carried out in an elderly patient.We analyzed the cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)findings to evaluate bone regeneration.CASE SUMMARY A 65-year-old female with no contraindications for dental implants and loss of maxillary bilateral molars is described.Examination by CBCT showed the available vertical bone height in the bilateral posterior maxilla was 0.5-6.8 mm in the left and 2.8-6.5 mm in the right.The patient underwent a transalveolar approach using platelet-rich fibrin and bone substitute with simulataneous placement of an implant 10 mm in length.Six months post-surgery,the implant showed excellent osseointegration with the bone graft.Thereafter,full-ceramic crowns were fitted.Follow-up at 2 years demonstrated satisfactory prognosis.CONCLUSION Platelet-rich fibrin and bone substitute can be used to augment the maxillary sinus with a vertical bone height less than 4 mm.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (grant no. 2017YFB0903303)
文摘High-temperature,high-power converters have gained importance in industrial applications given their ability to operate in adverse environments,such as in petroleum exploration,multi-electric aircrafts,and electric vehicles.SiC metaloxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET),a new,wide bandgap,high-temperature device,is the key component of these converters.In this study,the static and dynamic characteristics of the SiC MOSFET,half-bridge module,are investigated at the junction temperature of 180℃.A simplified experimental method is then proposed pertaining to the power operation of the SiC module at 180℃.This method is based on the use of a thermal resistance test platform and is proven convenient for the study of heat dissipation characteristics.The high-temperature characteristics of the module are verified based on the conducted experiments.Accordingly,a 100 kW high-temperature converter is built,and the test results show that the SiC converter can operate at a junction temperature of 180℃in a stable manner in compliance with the requirements of high-temperature,high-power applications.
文摘Plant resistance responses against invading pathogens require a coordinated set of cellular processes to optimize the effective defense output.Previous transcriptome analyses have identified a multi-phase and multi-layered defense strategy in apple root towards infection from a necrotrophic oomycete pathogen Pythium ultimum.Among the identified apple genes,members of the laccase gene family represent an actively regulated group at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels.In this study,several apple laccase genes were selected for further analyses on their sequence features and potential roles during defense activation in apple roots.Their bioinformatic specifics,genotype-specific induction,and lignin deposition patterns during pathogen infection were examined between two apple rootstock genotypes,a resistant O3R5-#161 and a susceptible O3R5-#132.The sequences these laccase genes contain the conserved cu-oxidase domains and the characteristic gene structures with MdLAC7a as an exception.While MdLAC3 and MdLAC5 showed a partial induction to P.ultimum infection,both MdLAC7a and MdLAC7b genes demonstrated consistent and high-level inducibility.Moreover,MdLAC7b exhibited a differential expression pattern,with a higher expression in the resistant O3R5-#161.Lignin deposition appeared to be stronger in the infected root of the resistant genotype compared to that of the susceptible one.The efficient lignin biosynthesis and deposition at the initial stage of infection is crucial for impeding the progression of this fastgrowing necrotrophic pathogen.Future study regarding the role of MdLAC7b,including the transgenic manipulation and biochemical analysis,should provide more definitive evidence for its contribution to resistance to P.ultimum infection.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:52007065Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:2022MS071。
文摘Fibre-reinforced polymer(FRP)/rigid polyurethane foam(RPUF)interface is susceptible to moisture intrusion in addition to natural ageing during operation.This study investigated the influence of moisture intrusion on the FRP/RPUF interface under natural ageing using experiments and molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.Water absorption,shear strength,and leakage current tests were used to clarify the changes in the interface performance.The degradation mechanism of moisture intrusion at the interface under natural ageing was revealed by MD simulation and micro-characterisation.The results show that the natural ageing of interfacial materials will slightly reduce the quality of the interface but will reduce the water resistance of the material and promote the process of water intrusion into the interface.In addition,water mainly invades the interface through RPUF.After water penetration,the interfacial bonding strength and insulation performance significantly decreased.Plasticisation and hydrolysis of interfacial materials are the main reasons for decreased interfacial adhesion.Hydrolysis can cause irreversible damage to the interface,increasing interface defects and water absorption.The vicious cycle of material hydrolysis is the ultimate cause of interfacial debonding.The polar molecules produced by this process and the water absorbed by the interface caused the degradation of the interface insulation performance.
基金This study is supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China Project(2020YFC2008000)Guangzhou Key-Area R&D Program(202206080004)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82270460,92249304,82270458,82000461,82270429,82000466)the Kelin Star Talent Support Program of First Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University(R08019).
文摘Hypertension is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness,which contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD^(+))is an indispensable cofactor in all living cells that is involved in fundamental biological processes.However,in hypertensive patients,alterations in NAD^(+)levels and their relation with blood pressure(BP)elevation and vascular damage have not yet been studied.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82073458,82173424,81773341,81772917,and 81830096)supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2021RC4013)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(111 Project,No.B20017)。
文摘Melanoma is the most aggressive cutaneous tumor.Neuropilin and tolloid-like 2(NETO2)is closely related to tumorigenesis.However,the functional significance of NETO2 in melanoma progression remains unclear.Herein,we found that NETO2 expression was augmented in melanoma clinical tissues and associated with poor prognosis in melanoma patients.Disrupting NETO2 expression markedly inhibited melanoma proliferation,malignant growth,migration,and invasion by downregulating the levels of calcium ions(Ca^(2+))and the expression of key genes involved in the calcium signaling pathway.By contrast,NETO2 overexpression had the opposite effects.Importantly,pharmacological inhibition of CaMKII/CREB activity with the CaMKII inhibitor KN93 suppressed NETO2-induced proliferation and melanoma metastasis.Overall,this study uncovered the crucial role of NETO2-mediated regulation in melanoma progression,indicating that targeting NETO2 may effectively improve melanoma treatment.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2016YFA0201702 and 2016YFA0201700)the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(No.20XD1433700)+2 种基金the International Cooperation Fund of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.20520740800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51733002 and 52073047)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2019M661323 and 2020TQ0062)。
文摘Public safety incidents caused by bacterial infections have attracted widespread attention towards antibacterial textiles(fibers,fabrics,etc.).Nevertheless,it is still challenging to efficiently load inorganic nano-antibacterial materials in polymer fibers.In this work,zirconium phosphate(ZrP,layered micro-nano materials)was utilized as a micro-nano carrier.The octadecyl triphenyl phosphonium bromide(OTP)was intercalated between the ZrP sheets by the ion exchange method to improve the carrier-polymer compatibility and the antibacterial performance.Through in-situ chemical reduction,the ultra-small nano-sized cuprous oxide(Cu_(2)O<5 nm)was loaded on the outer surface of ZrP to realize the uniform and stable dispersion of the Cu_(2)O on the carrier and improve the antibacterial performance.The ZrP nanosheets loaded with Cu_(2)O and OTP(Cu_(2)O@OZrP)had excellent antibacterial properties,and the antibacterial rate against E.coli,S.aureus and C.albicans was more than 99%.The intercalation amount of OTP in Cu_(2)O@OZrP can reach 16%,and the thermal stability was excellent and a significant increase in the Zeta potential.Indeed,the decomposition temperature was greater than 350℃,which was suitable for high-temperature melt processing of polymers.Consequently,we prepared PET/Cu_(2)O@OZrP fibers using polyethylene glycol terephthalate(PET),which accounts for 70%of the total chemical fibers,as the fiber matrix.PET/Cu_(2)O@OZrP fibers exhibited excellent mechanical property and antibacterial performance when the content of Cu_(2)O@OZrP was only 0.2%.The antibacterial rate against five types of bacteria including super bacteria(MRSA,VRE)was more than 99%.
基金Item Sponsored by Key Project of National Research Program of China(2011BAC10B04)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51201075)
文摘High speed steel has been widely used in various fields due to their excellent red hardness and good wear resistance. However, the influence of mischmetal （Ce-La） on the as-cast microstructures and mechanical properties of high speed steel has rarely been reported. Thus, the microstructure and mechanical properties of M2 high speed steel with addition of mischmetal （Ce-La） were investigated. The morphology and distribution of the eutectic carbides of the steel were observed by using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the impact toughness and bending strength were tested. The results show that adding mischmetal has an obvious effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of M2 high speed steel. The coarse eutectic structure is refined, the weak connection of the carbide networks is broken and the flake carbides become short and fine. More networks of eutectic carbides dissolve into the matrix. When a suitable adding content of mischmetal is selected, for example, 0.3 mass%, the impact strength and bending strength can increase by 27% and 10.76% compared with that without misehmetal, respectively.
文摘Background： The medium-to-long-term use of antimuscarinics alone or in combination with an α-blocker in men with an enlarged prostate is still controversial. This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of medium-to-long-term use of tolterodine extended release （ER） with or without tamsulosin in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia （BPH） and larger prostate size. Methods： Totally, 152 patients （age ≥50 years） with BPH, International Prostate Symptom Score （IPSS） ≥12, quality-of-life （QoL） score ≥3, and total prostate volume ≥25 ml were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomized into four groups （n = 38 in each） to receive tolterodine ER placebo plus tamsulosin placebo, 0.2 mg tamsulosin plus tolterodine ER placebo, 4 mg tolterodine ER plus tamsulosin placebo, or tolterodine ER plus tamsulosin once daily for 24 weeks. IPSS （total, storage, and voiding subscales）, QoL, maximum urinary flow rate （Qmax）, and postvoid residual volume （PVR） were collected at baseline, and at weeks 4, 12, and 24. Results： Compared with placebo, tolterodine ER plus tamsulosin significantly improved total IPSS （？7.15, ？12.20, and ？14.66 vs. ？3.51, ？5.78, and ？7.23）, storage IPSS （？3.56, ？5.63, and ？6.66 vs. ？1.52, ？1.21, and ？2.43）, voiding IPSS （？2.88, ？5.10, and ？6.48 vs. ？1.52, ？3.03, and ？2.97）, QoL （？1.21, ？2.40, and ？3.21 vs. ？0.39, ？1.41, and ？1.60）, Qmax （2.21, 7.97, and 9.72 ml/s vs. 2.15, 2.44, and 2.73 ml/s）, and PVR （？17.88, ？26.97, and ？27.89 ml vs. ？12.03, ？11.16, and ？16.73 ml） at weeks 4, 12, and 24, respectively; the differences were all statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）. Adverse events （AEs） were not increased with treatment progression. Tolterodine ER alone did not improve total IPSS （？4.61, ？6.79, and ？5.70）, voiding IPSS （？0.64, ？1.83, and ？1.45）, QoL （？0.69, ？1.21, and ？1.41）, or Qmax（？0.79, 2.83, and 1.11 ml/s）, compared with placebo （all P 〉 0.05）. However, a gradual increase in PVR （10.03, 10.41, and 12.89 ml） and more urinary AEs suggestive of urinary retention （11/38 vs. 4/38） were observed. Conclusion： Medium-to-long-term use of tolterodine ER plus tamsulosin should be recommended in patients with BPH and an enlarged prostate volume.
基金the financial assistance of the State Key Laboratory of explosion science and technology China (Grant No.YBKT17-06)
文摘Most of the structural alloys’applications are under static,dynamic,and cyclic forms of loading.Ti-5553 alloy in the beta phase field is being investigated to confirm the mechanism of deformation and phase transformation upon quasi-static and dynamic compression.The Ti-5553 alloy was heat-treated at 900℃ (almost 50℃ above beta transus temperature)for one hour of soaking time followed by air quenching to achieve a fullyβphase field.After that,Dynamic compression(DC)by Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB)and Quasi-static compression(QSC)were performed at a strain rate of~10^3)/s and 10^(-3)/s,respectively.Recovered specimens were thoroughly examined by using different tools,such as an Optical microscope(OM),Scanning electron microscope(SEM),High-resolution transmission electron microscope(HRTEM),and Electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)to get the reliable data for justification of logical conclusions.It is found that the dominating mode of deformation was dislocation slip along with twinning({332}<113>)to some extent in both of QSC and DC,but sliding&spalling of the grain boundary is observed more in the former.Stress-induced phase transformation,i.e.,βtoα"andβtoω,took place in the grains saturated with dislocation slips,where the former transformation occurred simultaneously with{332}<113>twinning,whileβtoωtransformation was completed when a set of two adjacent(110)_(β)planes covered±1/6th of the total separation distance between two(next to each other)(111)_(β)planes,by equal but opposite shear in(111)_(β)direction,and it caused 3%shrinkage of two closed packed(110)_(β)planes after transformation.
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.JQ18008).
文摘The growing penetration of electric vehicles(EVs)and the popularity of fast charging stations(FCSs)have greatly strengthened the coupling of the urban power network(PN)and traffic network(TN).In this paper,a potential security threat of the PN-TN coupling is revealed.Different from traditional loads,a regional FCS outage can lead to both the spatial and temporal redistribution of EV charging loads due to EV mobility,which further leads to a power flow redistribution.To assess the resulting potential threats,an integrated PN-TN modeling framework is developed,where the PN is described by a direct current optimal power flow model,and the TN is depicted by an energy-constraint traffic assignment problem.To protect the privacy of the two networks,an FCS outage distribution factor is proposed to describe the spatial-temporal redistribution ratio of the charging load among the remaining I FCSs.Moreover,to protect the security of the coupled networks,a price-based preventive regulation method,based on the spatial demand elasticity of the EV charging load,is developed to reallocate the charging load as a solution for insecure situations.Numerical simulation results validate the existence of the PN-TN coupling threat and demonstrate the effectiveness of the regulation method to exploit the spatial flexibility of EV loads.
