Ultrashort and powerful laser interactions with a target generate intense wideband electromagnetic pulses(EMPs).In this study,we report EMPs generated by the interactions between petawatt(30 fs,1.4×10^(20) W/cm^(...Ultrashort and powerful laser interactions with a target generate intense wideband electromagnetic pulses(EMPs).In this study,we report EMPs generated by the interactions between petawatt(30 fs,1.4×10^(20) W/cm^(2))femtosecond(fs)lasers with metal flat,plastic flat,and plastic nanowire-array(NWA)targets.Detailed analyses are conducted on the EMPs in terms of their spatial distribution,time and frequency domains,radiation energy,and protection.The results indicate that EMPs from metal targets exhibit larger amplitudes at varying angles than those generated by other types of targets and are enhanced significantly for NWA targets.Using a plastic target holder and increasing the laser focal spot can significantly decrease the radiation energy of the EMPs.Moreover,the composite shielding materials indicate an effective shielding effect against EMPs.The simulation results show that the NWA targets exert a collimating effect on thermal electrons,which directly affects the distribution of EMPs.This study provides guidance for regulating EMPs by controlling the laser focal spot,target parameters,and target rod material and is beneficial for electromagnetic-shielding design.展开更多
The ability to navigate long distances is essential for many animals to locate shelter,food,and breeding grounds.Magnetic sense has evolved in various migratory and homing species to orient them based on the geomagnet...The ability to navigate long distances is essential for many animals to locate shelter,food,and breeding grounds.Magnetic sense has evolved in various migratory and homing species to orient them based on the geomagnetic field.A highly conserved ironsulfur cluster assembly protein IscA is proposed as an animal magnetoreceptor(MagR).Iron-sulfur cluster binding is also suggested to play an essential role in MagR magnetism and is thus critical in animal magnetoreception.In the current study,we provide evidence for distinct iron binding and iron-sulfur cluster binding in MagR in pigeons,an avian species that relies on the geomagnetic field for navigation and homing.Pigeon MagR showed significantly higher total iron content from both iron-and ironsulfur binding.Y65 in pigeon MagR was shown to directly mediate mononuclear iron binding,and its mutation abolished iron-binding capacity of the protein.Surprisingly,both iron binding and iron-sulfur binding demonstrated synergistic effects,and thus appear to be integral and indispensable to pigeon MagR magnetism.These results not only extend our current understanding of the origin and complexity of MagR magnetism,but also imply a possible molecular explanation for the huge diversity in animal magnetoreception.展开更多
Diarrhea is a frequent symptom in postoperative patients with Crohn’s diseases(CD),and several different mechanisms likely account for postoperative diarrhea in CD.A targeted strategy based on a comprehensive underst...Diarrhea is a frequent symptom in postoperative patients with Crohn’s diseases(CD),and several different mechanisms likely account for postoperative diarrhea in CD.A targeted strategy based on a comprehensive understanding of postoperative diarrhea is helpful for better postoperative recovery.展开更多
Objective and Impact Statement:We describe an electroenzymatic mediator(EM)sensor based on an electroenzymatic assembly peak separation strategy,which can efficiently realize the simultaneous detection of 3 typical ca...Objective and Impact Statement:We describe an electroenzymatic mediator(EM)sensor based on an electroenzymatic assembly peak separation strategy,which can efficiently realize the simultaneous detection of 3 typical cardiovascular disease(CVD)metabolites in 5μl of plasma under one test.This work has substantial implications toward improving the efficiency of chronic CVD assessment.Introduction:Monitoring CVD of metabolites is strongly associated with disease risk.Independent and time-consuming detection in hospitals is unfavorable for chronic CVD management.Methods:The EM was flexibly designed by the cross-linking of electron mediators and enzymes,and 3 EM layers with different characteristics were assembled on one electrode.Electrons were transferred under tunable potential;3 metabolites were quantitatively detected by 3 peak currents that correlated with metabolite concentrations.Results:In this study,the EM sensor showed high sensitivity for the simultaneous detection of 3 metabolites with a lower limit of 0.01 mM.The linear correlation between the sensor and clinical was greater than 0.980 for 242 patients,and the consistency of risk assessment was 94.6%.Conclusion:Metabolites could be expanded by the EM,and the sensor could be a promising candidate as a home healthcare tool for CVD risk assessment.展开更多
The Gangdese batholith, more than 2500 km in length, is composed mainly of JurassicMiocene igneous rocks. This batholith is one of the most important constituents of the Tibetan orogenesis and provides an ideal place ...The Gangdese batholith, more than 2500 km in length, is composed mainly of JurassicMiocene igneous rocks. This batholith is one of the most important constituents of the Tibetan orogenesis and provides an ideal place for study of Neo-Tethyan ocean geodynamic evolution and plateau uplift. Recent studies on the Gangdese Jurassic felsic magmatism highlight its juvenile source. However, important aspects concerning the genesis of the juvenile magmatism and related deep geodynamic evolution are still unclear. Here, we report detailed petrological, geochronological, geochemical, whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopic, and in situ Sr-Hf isotopic data for a recently identified hornblende gabbro in the Dongga area, southern Lhasa sub-block. This hornblende gabbro is dominated by hornblende and plagioclase, dated at Early Jurassic(ca. 180–190 Ma), and characterized by a narrow compositional range in SiO_2(49.38wt%–52.27wt%), MgO(4.08wt%–7.00wt%), FeO(10.43wt%–11.77wt%), Na_2O(2.58wt%–3.51wt%), and K_2O(0.48wt%–1.53wt%). It has depleted isotopic signatures, with whole-rock(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)i ratios of 0.7033–0.7043, ε_(Nd)(t) values of +4.90 to +6.99, in situ plagioclase(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)i ratios of 0.7034–0.7042, and zircon ε_(Hf)(t) of +12.2 to +16.8. Our results integrated with published data suggest a model of Gangdese juvenile crustal growth by a subduction-related water-enriched mantle wedge. The hydrous partial melting of the lithosphere mantle was triggered by the dehydration of a Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab. This mafic magmatism emplaced in the middle-lower crust of intraoceanic arcs or active continental margins, leading to Jurassic juvenile crustal growth in southern Tibet.展开更多
P-wave and S-wave receiver function analyses have been performed along a profile consisted of 27broadband seismic stations to image the crustal and upper mantle discontinuities across Northeast China.The results show ...P-wave and S-wave receiver function analyses have been performed along a profile consisted of 27broadband seismic stations to image the crustal and upper mantle discontinuities across Northeast China.The results show that the average Moho depth varies from about37 km beneath the Daxing'anling orogenic belt in the west to about 33 km beneath the Songliao Basin,and to about35 km beneath the Changbai mountain region in the east.Our results reveal that the Moho is generally flat beneath the Daxing'anling region and a remarkable Moho offset(about 4 km) exists beneath the basin-mountain boundary,the Daxing'anling-Taihang Gravity Line.Beneath the Tanlu faults zone,which seperates the Songliao Basin and Changbai region,the Moho is uplift and the crustal thickness changes rapidly.We interpret this feature as that the Tanlu faults might deeply penetrate into the upper mantle,and facilitate the mantle upwelling along the faults during the Cenozoic era.The average depth of the lithosphereasthenosphere boundary(LAB) is *80 km along the profile which is thinner than an average thickness of a continental lithosphere.The LAB shows an arc-like shape in the basin,with the shallowest part approximately beneath the center of the basin.The uplift LAB beneath the basin might be related to the extensive lithospheric stretching in theMesozoic.In the mantle transition zone,a structurally complicated 660 km discontinuity with a maximum 35 km depression beneath the Changbai region is observed.The35 km depression is roughly coincident with the location of the stagnant western pacific slab on top of the 660 km discontinuity revealed by the recent P wave tomography.展开更多
The microsphere was a primary particulate system for taste-masking with unique structural features defined by production process. In this article, ibuprofen lipid microspheres of octadecanol and glycerin monostearate ...The microsphere was a primary particulate system for taste-masking with unique structural features defined by production process. In this article, ibuprofen lipid microspheres of octadecanol and glycerin monostearate were prepared to mask the undesirable taste of ibuprofen via three kinds of spray congealing processes, namely, air-cooling, water-cooling and citric acid solution-cooling. The stereoscopic and internal structures of ibuprofen microspheres were quantitatively analyzed by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography(SR-μCT) to establish the relationship between the preparation process and microsphere architectures. It was found that the microstructure and morphology of the microspheres were significantly influenced by preparation processes as the primary factors to determine the release profiles and taste-masking effects. The sphericity of ibuprofen microspheres congealed in citric acid solution was higher than that of other two and its morphology was more regular than that being congealed in air or distilled water, and the contact angles between congealing media and melted ibuprofen in octadecanol and glycerin monostearate well demonstrated the structure differences among microspheres of three processes which controlled the release characteristics of the microspheres. The structure parameters like porosity, sphericity, and radius ratio from quantitative analysis were correlated well with drug release behaviors. The results demonstrated that the exterior morphology and internal structure of microspheres had considerable influences on the drug release behaviors as well as taste-masking effects.展开更多
This study investigated the formulation mechanism of microspheres via internal surfactant distribution. Eudragit L100 based microspheres loaded with bovine serum albumin were prepared by solid in oil in oil emulsion s...This study investigated the formulation mechanism of microspheres via internal surfactant distribution. Eudragit L100 based microspheres loaded with bovine serum albumin were prepared by solid in oil in oil emulsion solvent evaporation method using acetone and liquid paraffin system containing sucrose stearate as a surfactant. The fabricated microspheres were evaluated for encapsulation efficiency, particle size, production yield, and in vitro release characteristics. The internal structures of microspheres were characterized using synchrotron radiation X-ray microcomputed tomography(SR-μCT). The enhanced contrast made the sucrose stearate distinguished from Eudragit to have its three dimensional(3D) distribution. Results indicated that the content and concentration determined the state of sucrose stearate and had significant influences on the release kinetics of protein. The dispersity of sucrose stearate was the primary factor that controlled the structure of the microspheres and further affected the encapsulation efficiency, effective drug loading, as well as in vitro release behavior. In conclusion, the 3D internal distribution of surfactant in microspheres and its effects on protein release behaviors have been revealed for the first time. The highly resolved 3D architecture provides new evidence for the deep understanding of the microsphere formation mechanism.展开更多
The complexity of the loads acting on the offshore wind turbines(OWTs) structures and the significance of investigation on structure dynamics are explained.Test results obtained from a scaled wind turbine model are al...The complexity of the loads acting on the offshore wind turbines(OWTs) structures and the significance of investigation on structure dynamics are explained.Test results obtained from a scaled wind turbine model are also summarized.The model is supported on monopile,subjected to different types of dynamic loading using an innovative out of balance mass system to apply cyclic/dynamic loads.The test results show the natural frequency of the wind turbine structure increases with the number of cycles,but with a reduced rate of increase with the accumulation of soil strain level.The change is found to be dependent on the shear strain level in the soil next to the pile which matches with the expectations from the element tests of the soil.The test results were plotted in a non-dimensional manner in order to be scaled to predict the prototype consequences using element tests of a soil using resonant column apparatus.展开更多
We studied the evolution of wavefront aberration(WFA) of a signal beam during amplification in a Ti:sapphire chirped pulse amplification(CPA) system. The results verified that the WFA of the amplified laser beam has l...We studied the evolution of wavefront aberration(WFA) of a signal beam during amplification in a Ti:sapphire chirped pulse amplification(CPA) system. The results verified that the WFA of the amplified laser beam has little relation with the change of the pump beam energies. Transverse parasitic lasing that might occur in CPA hardly affects the wavefront of the signal beam. Thermal effects were also considered in this study, and the results show that the thermal effect cumulated in multiple amplification processes also has no obvious influence on the wavefront of the signal beam for a single-shot frequency. The results presented in this paper confirmed experimentally that the amplification in a Ti:sapphire CPA system has little impact on the WFA of the signal beam and it is very helpful for wavefront correction of single-shot PW and multi-PW laser systems based on Ti:sapphire.展开更多
Membrane fouling is always the biggest problem in the practice of membrane separation technologies,which strongly impacts their applicability,separation efficiency,cost effectiveness,and service lifespan.Herein,a simp...Membrane fouling is always the biggest problem in the practice of membrane separation technologies,which strongly impacts their applicability,separation efficiency,cost effectiveness,and service lifespan.Herein,a simple but effective 3D modification approach was designed for permanently functionalizing polymeric membranes by directly cross-linking polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)under gamma-ray irradiation at room temperature without any additives.After the modification,a PVA layer was constructed on the membrane surface and the pore inner surface of polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)membranes.This endowed them with good hydrophilicity,low adsorption of protein model foulants,and easy recoverability properties.In addition,the pore size and distribution were customized by controlling the PVA concentration,which enhanced the rejection ability of the resultant membranes and converted them from microfiltration to ultrafiltration.The crosslinked PVA layer was equipped with the resultant membranes with good resistance to chemical cleaning by acidic,alkaline,and oxidative reagents,which could greatly prolong the membrane service lifetime.Furthermore,this approach was demonstrated as a universal method to modify PVDF membranes with other hydrophilic macromolecular modifiers,including polyethylene glycol,sodium alginate,and polyvinyl pyrrolidone.This modification of the membranes effectively endowed them with good hydrophilicity and antifouling properties,as expected.展开更多
We report the creation of the first mixture of ^6Li and ^88Sr atoms in an optical dipole trap. Using this mixture,a measurement of the interspecies thermalization process is carried out and the previously unknown inte...We report the creation of the first mixture of ^6Li and ^88Sr atoms in an optical dipole trap. Using this mixture,a measurement of the interspecies thermalization process is carried out and the previously unknown interspecies s-wave scattering length between ^6Li and ^88Sr atoms is extracted to be |a6 Li-88 Sr|=(380-100^+160)a0 with a0 being the Bohr radius from the rate of interspecies thermalization.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12122501,11975037,61631001,and 11921006)the National Grand Instrument Project(Nos.2019YFF01014400,2019YFF01014404)the Foundation of Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory(No.6142A04220108).
文摘Ultrashort and powerful laser interactions with a target generate intense wideband electromagnetic pulses(EMPs).In this study,we report EMPs generated by the interactions between petawatt(30 fs,1.4×10^(20) W/cm^(2))femtosecond(fs)lasers with metal flat,plastic flat,and plastic nanowire-array(NWA)targets.Detailed analyses are conducted on the EMPs in terms of their spatial distribution,time and frequency domains,radiation energy,and protection.The results indicate that EMPs from metal targets exhibit larger amplitudes at varying angles than those generated by other types of targets and are enhanced significantly for NWA targets.Using a plastic target holder and increasing the laser focal spot can significantly decrease the radiation energy of the EMPs.Moreover,the composite shielding materials indicate an effective shielding effect against EMPs.The simulation results show that the NWA targets exert a collimating effect on thermal electrons,which directly affects the distribution of EMPs.This study provides guidance for regulating EMPs by controlling the laser focal spot,target parameters,and target rod material and is beneficial for electromagnetic-shielding design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31640001 to C.X.,U21A20148 to X.Z.and C.X.)the Presidential Foundation of Hefei Institutes of Physical Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y96XC11131,E26CCG27,and E26CCD15 to C.X.)。
文摘The ability to navigate long distances is essential for many animals to locate shelter,food,and breeding grounds.Magnetic sense has evolved in various migratory and homing species to orient them based on the geomagnetic field.A highly conserved ironsulfur cluster assembly protein IscA is proposed as an animal magnetoreceptor(MagR).Iron-sulfur cluster binding is also suggested to play an essential role in MagR magnetism and is thus critical in animal magnetoreception.In the current study,we provide evidence for distinct iron binding and iron-sulfur cluster binding in MagR in pigeons,an avian species that relies on the geomagnetic field for navigation and homing.Pigeon MagR showed significantly higher total iron content from both iron-and ironsulfur binding.Y65 in pigeon MagR was shown to directly mediate mononuclear iron binding,and its mutation abolished iron-binding capacity of the protein.Surprisingly,both iron binding and iron-sulfur binding demonstrated synergistic effects,and thus appear to be integral and indispensable to pigeon MagR magnetism.These results not only extend our current understanding of the origin and complexity of MagR magnetism,but also imply a possible molecular explanation for the huge diversity in animal magnetoreception.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission,No.M2021013the Science Foundation of Jinling Hospital,No.YYMS2021035。
文摘Diarrhea is a frequent symptom in postoperative patients with Crohn’s diseases(CD),and several different mechanisms likely account for postoperative diarrhea in CD.A targeted strategy based on a comprehensive understanding of postoperative diarrhea is helpful for better postoperative recovery.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB3201202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.22005331,52275581,and 82372142)+3 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Jiang su Province(nos.BE2022739,BE2020768,and SBE2022780090)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(nos.2019322 and Y2022088)the Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(nos.YJKYYQ20200046 and ZDKYYQ20210004)the Science and Technology Development Program of Suzhou(no.SJC2021019).
文摘Objective and Impact Statement:We describe an electroenzymatic mediator(EM)sensor based on an electroenzymatic assembly peak separation strategy,which can efficiently realize the simultaneous detection of 3 typical cardiovascular disease(CVD)metabolites in 5μl of plasma under one test.This work has substantial implications toward improving the efficiency of chronic CVD assessment.Introduction:Monitoring CVD of metabolites is strongly associated with disease risk.Independent and time-consuming detection in hospitals is unfavorable for chronic CVD management.Methods:The EM was flexibly designed by the cross-linking of electron mediators and enzymes,and 3 EM layers with different characteristics were assembled on one electrode.Electrons were transferred under tunable potential;3 metabolites were quantitatively detected by 3 peak currents that correlated with metabolite concentrations.Results:In this study,the EM sensor showed high sensitivity for the simultaneous detection of 3 metabolites with a lower limit of 0.01 mM.The linear correlation between the sensor and clinical was greater than 0.980 for 242 patients,and the consistency of risk assessment was 94.6%.Conclusion:Metabolites could be expanded by the EM,and the sensor could be a promising candidate as a home healthcare tool for CVD risk assessment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51774254,51774253,51701187,51674226,51804279,51801189)The Science and Technology Major Project of Shanxi Province,China (20191102008)+2 种基金Platform and Talent Project of Shanxi Province,China (201805D211036)Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Projects by the Central Government of China (YDZX20191400002796)Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements Special Guide Project of Shanxi Province,China (201804D131039)。
基金jointly supported by The National Key Research and Development Project of China(2016YFC0600310)National Science Foundation of China(4132010400441672197 and 41302054)
文摘The Gangdese batholith, more than 2500 km in length, is composed mainly of JurassicMiocene igneous rocks. This batholith is one of the most important constituents of the Tibetan orogenesis and provides an ideal place for study of Neo-Tethyan ocean geodynamic evolution and plateau uplift. Recent studies on the Gangdese Jurassic felsic magmatism highlight its juvenile source. However, important aspects concerning the genesis of the juvenile magmatism and related deep geodynamic evolution are still unclear. Here, we report detailed petrological, geochronological, geochemical, whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopic, and in situ Sr-Hf isotopic data for a recently identified hornblende gabbro in the Dongga area, southern Lhasa sub-block. This hornblende gabbro is dominated by hornblende and plagioclase, dated at Early Jurassic(ca. 180–190 Ma), and characterized by a narrow compositional range in SiO_2(49.38wt%–52.27wt%), MgO(4.08wt%–7.00wt%), FeO(10.43wt%–11.77wt%), Na_2O(2.58wt%–3.51wt%), and K_2O(0.48wt%–1.53wt%). It has depleted isotopic signatures, with whole-rock(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)i ratios of 0.7033–0.7043, ε_(Nd)(t) values of +4.90 to +6.99, in situ plagioclase(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)i ratios of 0.7034–0.7042, and zircon ε_(Hf)(t) of +12.2 to +16.8. Our results integrated with published data suggest a model of Gangdese juvenile crustal growth by a subduction-related water-enriched mantle wedge. The hydrous partial melting of the lithosphere mantle was triggered by the dehydration of a Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab. This mafic magmatism emplaced in the middle-lower crust of intraoceanic arcs or active continental margins, leading to Jurassic juvenile crustal growth in southern Tibet.
基金We thank members of our group for insightful discussion dur- ing the course of this study and Drs Haiming Wei and Zhigang Tian for NK92 cells. This work was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China （30972681 to XW 90508002 to XY+1 种基金 30872286 to LS）, Guangdong-NSFC Joint Key Program （to XW）, Chinese Academy of Sciences （KSCX1- YW-R65, KSCX2-YWH-10）, National Basic Research Program of China （973 Program） （2007CB512402 to XW 2007CB914503 and 2010CB912103 to XY）, Ministry of Science ＆ Technology of China International Collaboration Program （2009DFA31010 to XD）, China National Key Projects for Infectious Disease （2008ZX 10002-021 to XY）, 2007 National Undergraduate Innova- tive Research Program of China （PX） and KC Wong Education Foundation （ZG）.
文摘细胞毒素的淋巴细胞是在有缺点的房间的有免疫力的反应和消除的组织的关键播放器。我们以前报导了生来的杀手(NK ) 房间进入目标肿瘤房间，导致在肿瘤房间以内的任何一个目标房间死亡或自我毁灭。然而，它留下了至于在成为主观以后的 NK 房间的命运逃犯并且 heterotypic cell-in-cell 过程最近是否与同型的 cell-in-cell 事件的不同，说出 entosis。这里，我们证明 NK 房间在肿瘤房间以内与 apoptosis 的最终的命运经历一个 cell-in-cell 过程并且表明成为主观过程要求肌动朊细胞骨架管理者， ezrin。设想 NK 房间怎么进入肿瘤房间，我们执行了 NK 房间成为主观的即时双颜色成像分析进肿瘤房间。令人惊讶地，大多数 NK 房间在他们的入口以后承诺规划房间死亡进肿瘤房间，它与在同型的 cell-in-cell 过程观察的 entosis 区别地不同。使内在化的 NK 房间的 apoptotic 房间死亡由 caspase 的激活是明显的 3 并且 DNA 破碎。而且，在成为主观以后的 NK 房间死亡被 caspase 禁止者稀释， Z-VAD-FMK，在肿瘤房间以内作为 NK 房间死亡的模式证实 apoptosis。决定为 NK 房间的入口必要的蛋白质因素进肿瘤房间，我们执行了基于 siRNA 的击倒的分析并且在 NK 房间成为主观发现了 ezrin 的一个关键角色。重要地， ezrin 的调停 PKA 的 phosphorylation 支持 NK 房间成为主观过程。我们的调查结果建议 ezrin 由管理 NK 房间成为主观进肿瘤房间的新奇规章的机制。
文摘P-wave and S-wave receiver function analyses have been performed along a profile consisted of 27broadband seismic stations to image the crustal and upper mantle discontinuities across Northeast China.The results show that the average Moho depth varies from about37 km beneath the Daxing'anling orogenic belt in the west to about 33 km beneath the Songliao Basin,and to about35 km beneath the Changbai mountain region in the east.Our results reveal that the Moho is generally flat beneath the Daxing'anling region and a remarkable Moho offset(about 4 km) exists beneath the basin-mountain boundary,the Daxing'anling-Taihang Gravity Line.Beneath the Tanlu faults zone,which seperates the Songliao Basin and Changbai region,the Moho is uplift and the crustal thickness changes rapidly.We interpret this feature as that the Tanlu faults might deeply penetrate into the upper mantle,and facilitate the mantle upwelling along the faults during the Cenozoic era.The average depth of the lithosphereasthenosphere boundary(LAB) is *80 km along the profile which is thinner than an average thickness of a continental lithosphere.The LAB shows an arc-like shape in the basin,with the shallowest part approximately beneath the center of the basin.The uplift LAB beneath the basin might be related to the extensive lithospheric stretching in theMesozoic.In the mantle transition zone,a structurally complicated 660 km discontinuity with a maximum 35 km depression beneath the Changbai region is observed.The35 km depression is roughly coincident with the location of the stagnant western pacific slab on top of the 660 km discontinuity revealed by the recent P wave tomography.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81773645)National Science and Technology Major Projects for the Major New Drugs Innovation and Development(2017ZX09101001-006)
文摘The microsphere was a primary particulate system for taste-masking with unique structural features defined by production process. In this article, ibuprofen lipid microspheres of octadecanol and glycerin monostearate were prepared to mask the undesirable taste of ibuprofen via three kinds of spray congealing processes, namely, air-cooling, water-cooling and citric acid solution-cooling. The stereoscopic and internal structures of ibuprofen microspheres were quantitatively analyzed by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography(SR-μCT) to establish the relationship between the preparation process and microsphere architectures. It was found that the microstructure and morphology of the microspheres were significantly influenced by preparation processes as the primary factors to determine the release profiles and taste-masking effects. The sphericity of ibuprofen microspheres congealed in citric acid solution was higher than that of other two and its morphology was more regular than that being congealed in air or distilled water, and the contact angles between congealing media and melted ibuprofen in octadecanol and glycerin monostearate well demonstrated the structure differences among microspheres of three processes which controlled the release characteristics of the microspheres. The structure parameters like porosity, sphericity, and radius ratio from quantitative analysis were correlated well with drug release behaviors. The results demonstrated that the exterior morphology and internal structure of microspheres had considerable influences on the drug release behaviors as well as taste-masking effects.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81430087)the National Science and Technology Major Project(2013ZX09402103)
文摘This study investigated the formulation mechanism of microspheres via internal surfactant distribution. Eudragit L100 based microspheres loaded with bovine serum albumin were prepared by solid in oil in oil emulsion solvent evaporation method using acetone and liquid paraffin system containing sucrose stearate as a surfactant. The fabricated microspheres were evaluated for encapsulation efficiency, particle size, production yield, and in vitro release characteristics. The internal structures of microspheres were characterized using synchrotron radiation X-ray microcomputed tomography(SR-μCT). The enhanced contrast made the sucrose stearate distinguished from Eudragit to have its three dimensional(3D) distribution. Results indicated that the content and concentration determined the state of sucrose stearate and had significant influences on the release kinetics of protein. The dispersity of sucrose stearate was the primary factor that controlled the structure of the microspheres and further affected the encapsulation efficiency, effective drug loading, as well as in vitro release behavior. In conclusion, the 3D internal distribution of surfactant in microspheres and its effects on protein release behaviors have been revealed for the first time. The highly resolved 3D architecture provides new evidence for the deep understanding of the microsphere formation mechanism.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51109184,51209183,and 51325901)
文摘The complexity of the loads acting on the offshore wind turbines(OWTs) structures and the significance of investigation on structure dynamics are explained.Test results obtained from a scaled wind turbine model are also summarized.The model is supported on monopile,subjected to different types of dynamic loading using an innovative out of balance mass system to apply cyclic/dynamic loads.The test results show the natural frequency of the wind turbine structure increases with the number of cycles,but with a reduced rate of increase with the accumulation of soil strain level.The change is found to be dependent on the shear strain level in the soil next to the pile which matches with the expectations from the element tests of the soil.The test results were plotted in a non-dimensional manner in order to be scaled to predict the prototype consequences using element tests of a soil using resonant column apparatus.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61775223)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB1603)
文摘We studied the evolution of wavefront aberration(WFA) of a signal beam during amplification in a Ti:sapphire chirped pulse amplification(CPA) system. The results verified that the WFA of the amplified laser beam has little relation with the change of the pump beam energies. Transverse parasitic lasing that might occur in CPA hardly affects the wavefront of the signal beam. Thermal effects were also considered in this study, and the results show that the thermal effect cumulated in multiple amplification processes also has no obvious influence on the wavefront of the signal beam for a single-shot frequency. The results presented in this paper confirmed experimentally that the amplification in a Ti:sapphire CPA system has little impact on the WFA of the signal beam and it is very helpful for wavefront correction of single-shot PW and multi-PW laser systems based on Ti:sapphire.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11875313,12075153,and 11575277).
文摘Membrane fouling is always the biggest problem in the practice of membrane separation technologies,which strongly impacts their applicability,separation efficiency,cost effectiveness,and service lifespan.Herein,a simple but effective 3D modification approach was designed for permanently functionalizing polymeric membranes by directly cross-linking polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)under gamma-ray irradiation at room temperature without any additives.After the modification,a PVA layer was constructed on the membrane surface and the pore inner surface of polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)membranes.This endowed them with good hydrophilicity,low adsorption of protein model foulants,and easy recoverability properties.In addition,the pore size and distribution were customized by controlling the PVA concentration,which enhanced the rejection ability of the resultant membranes and converted them from microfiltration to ultrafiltration.The crosslinked PVA layer was equipped with the resultant membranes with good resistance to chemical cleaning by acidic,alkaline,and oxidative reagents,which could greatly prolong the membrane service lifetime.Furthermore,this approach was demonstrated as a universal method to modify PVDF membranes with other hydrophilic macromolecular modifiers,including polyethylene glycol,sodium alginate,and polyvinyl pyrrolidone.This modification of the membranes effectively endowed them with good hydrophilicity and antifouling properties,as expected.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21571168)the Ministry of Science and Technology Grant (No.2016YFA0101202, No.U1232211,and No.31501130)CAS/SAFEA international partnership program for creative research teams and CAS Hefei Science Center (No.2016HSCIU011)
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant Nos 2018YFA0306503 and 2018YFA0306504the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 91636213,91736311,11574177,91836302 and 11654001
文摘We report the creation of the first mixture of ^6Li and ^88Sr atoms in an optical dipole trap. Using this mixture,a measurement of the interspecies thermalization process is carried out and the previously unknown interspecies s-wave scattering length between ^6Li and ^88Sr atoms is extracted to be |a6 Li-88 Sr|=(380-100^+160)a0 with a0 being the Bohr radius from the rate of interspecies thermalization.
