To assess whether a development strategy will be profitable enough,production forecasting is a crucial and difficult step in the process.The development history of other reservoirs in the same class tends to be studie...To assess whether a development strategy will be profitable enough,production forecasting is a crucial and difficult step in the process.The development history of other reservoirs in the same class tends to be studied to make predictions accurate.However,the permeability field,well patterns,and development regime must all be similar for two reservoirs to be considered in the same class.This results in very few available experiences from other reservoirs even though there is a lot of historical information on numerous reservoirs because it is difficult to find such similar reservoirs.This paper proposes a learn-to-learn method,which can better utilize a vast amount of historical data from various reservoirs.Intuitively,the proposed method first learns how to learn samples before directly learning rules in samples.Technically,by utilizing gradients from networks with independent parameters and copied structure in each class of reservoirs,the proposed network obtains the optimal shared initial parameters which are regarded as transferable information across different classes.Based on that,the network is able to predict future production indices for the target reservoir by only training with very limited samples collected from reservoirs in the same class.Two cases further demonstrate its superiority in accuracy to other widely-used network methods.展开更多
A clean and efficient route for the utilization of ilmenite concentrates was proposed by direct carbothermic reduction in microwave field.High dosage of Na_(2)CO_(3),which can be recycled,was added to accelerate the r...A clean and efficient route for the utilization of ilmenite concentrates was proposed by direct carbothermic reduction in microwave field.High dosage of Na_(2)CO_(3),which can be recycled,was added to accelerate the reduction reaction of ilmenite concentrates.After microwave heating in the temperature range of 1073−1123 K for 20 min,the main products were Na_(2)TiO_(3) and metallic Fe with the metallization ratios being as high as 92.67%−93.21%.The reduction products were processed by water leaching,ball-milling in CO2 atmosphere and magnetic separation in turn.The final products after magnetic separation were Fe-rich materials and Ti-rich materials(90.04 wt.%TiO2),which can be used to produce iron and TiCl4 or TiO2.The optimized heating temperature was 1123 K in terms of metallization ratios,magnetic separation and caking property of the reduction products.Besides,the reduction mechanism of ilmenite concentrates with the addition of Na_(2)CO_(3) in microwave field was also proposed.展开更多
This research of bidirectional pedestrian flows at signalized crosswalks is divided into two parts： model and applica- tion. In the model part, a mixed survey including the questionnaire investigation and tracking in...This research of bidirectional pedestrian flows at signalized crosswalks is divided into two parts： model and applica- tion. In the model part, a mixed survey including the questionnaire investigation and tracking investigation is conducted to gain the basic data about walking tendentiousness of a pedestrian crossing. Then, the forward, right-hand, outstripping, and influential coefficients are outlined to quantize walking tendentiousness of pedestrian crossing and estimate transition probabilities of pedestrians. At last, an improved cellular automation model is proposed to describe walking tendentious- ness and crossing behaviors of pedestrians. In the application part, channelization research of bidirectional pedestrian flows is presented for real signalized crosswalk. In this process, the effects of right-side-walking and conformity behaviors on the efficiency of pedestrian crossing are thoroughly analyzed based on simulations and experiments to obtain a final channelization method to raise the efficiency of a pedestrian crossing at the crosswalk.展开更多
Background:Although breast-conserving surgery is one of the standard treatments for breast cancer,few studies have assessed its recent implementation in China.We aimed to clarify the current real-world status of breas...Background:Although breast-conserving surgery is one of the standard treatments for breast cancer,few studies have assessed its recent implementation in China.We aimed to clarify the current real-world status of breast-conserving surgery in China.Methods:This cross-sectional survey relied on data collected by the Chinese Society of Breast Surgery(CSBrS)to examine patients who underwent this surgery between January 2018 and December 2018.The survey was conducted using a uniform electronic questionnaire to collect information,including clinical and pathological data on these patients.Results:Overall,4459 breast-conserving surgeries were performed in 34 member units of CSBrS,accounting for 14.6%of all breast cancer surgeries performed in these units during the study period.In patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery with information on tumor size available,more than half(61.2%)of the tumors were smaller than 2 cm in diameter,and only 87(3.2%)tumors were larger than 4 cm in diameter.Among patients who underwent breast-conserving surgeries,457(10.2%)patients received neoadjuvant therapy before the surgery.Among patients with a reported margin width,34(2.0%)patients had a margin of≤2 mm,and 1530(88.2%)of them had a margin of>5 mm.Conclusions:This study demonstrated the rates of breast-conserving surgery in member units of the CSBrS,and introduced the characteristics and surgical margins of patients who underwent this surgery.This information helps describe the real-world status of breast-conserving surgery in China.展开更多
The term non-puerperal mastitis(NPM)refers to a group of benign breast diseases of unknown cause that occur in non-puerperal women.The main pathological types are periductal mastitis(PDM)and granulomatous lobular mast...The term non-puerperal mastitis(NPM)refers to a group of benign breast diseases of unknown cause that occur in non-puerperal women.The main pathological types are periductal mastitis(PDM)and granulomatous lobular mastitis(GLM).The main clinical manifestations of NPM are breast masses and breast abscesses.Associated fistulas,sinuses,or ulcers can form in the later stages;these tend to be persistent and to fail to heal.The natural course of these conditions is about 9 to 12 months and they frequently recur.There is currently no standard treatment.To help clinicians to make the correct diagnosis and formulate an appropriate treatment plan,the Chinese Society of Breast Surgery has reviewed published reports and conducted discussions between experts to determine the key issues to be included in clinical practice guidelines for NPM.This group has also studied the grading of recommendations assessment,development,and evaluation system,evaluated the relevant evidence,and formulated the following clinical practice guidelines(2021 version)for the diagnosis and treatment of NPM,the aim being to provide a reference standard for breast clinicians.展开更多
Granulomatous lobular mastitis is an unusual breast benign inflammatory disorder with unknown aetiology. It is generally emerged with the clinical symptoms of breast mass, abscess, inflammation and mammary duct fistul...Granulomatous lobular mastitis is an unusual breast benign inflammatory disorder with unknown aetiology. It is generally emerged with the clinical symptoms of breast mass, abscess, inflammation and mammary duct fistula. The diagnosis is made by histopathology with a chronic non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation in lobules of the breast tissue as the microscopic feature. Therapy of granulomatous lobular mastitis consists of surgical, medication treatment or combination of both, but now researches suggest that observational management is an acceptable treatment.展开更多
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in China.Since Halsted introduced radical mastectomy,surgery has remained the cornerstone of breast cancer treatment.Before performing such surgery,a comprehensive and ...Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in China.Since Halsted introduced radical mastectomy,surgery has remained the cornerstone of breast cancer treatment.Before performing such surgery,a comprehensive and standardized evaluation should be undertaken.This should include identification of factors that could increase the risk of surgery or prejudice recovery,as well as factors that may affect the subsequent course of the disease.The Chinese Society of Breast Surgery(CSBrS)has conducted a literature review and experts have discussed key clinical issues related to standardizing pre-operative evaluation of patients with breast cancer;evaluated the relevant evidence with reference to the grading of recommendations assessment,development,and evaluation system;combined the accessibility under China's national conditions;and formulated the following written Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pre-operative Evaluation of Breast Cancer(2021 Edition)with the aim of providing a reference for Chinese breast surgeons.展开更多
According to GLOBOCAN 2018,the global cancer statistic database by the International Agency for Research on Cancer,breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women.[1]In 2018,more than 2 million new breast...According to GLOBOCAN 2018,the global cancer statistic database by the International Agency for Research on Cancer,breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women.[1]In 2018,more than 2 million new breast cancer cases were reported,with an age standardized rate(ASR)of 46.3 per 100,000,and over 600,000 deaths from breast cancer were estimated,with an ASR of 13.0 per 100,000,worldwide.The number of breast cancer cases continues to increase.In China,more than 270,000 new cases were diagnosed in 2015,with 70,000 reported deaths.[2]In 2018,the number of new cases in the country increased to 367,900.[1]Thus,we urgently need more clinical researches and expert consensus on optimal therapies for breast cancer.展开更多
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in China.Approximately 304,000 new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed during 2015 in China,which ranked first in cancer diagnosis and accounted for 17.1%of al...Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in China.Approximately 304,000 new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed during 2015 in China,which ranked first in cancer diagnosis and accounted for 17.1%of all new cancers among women.[1,2]Both the US Preventive Services Task Force(USPSTF)[3]and National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN)clinical practice guidelines[4]have made recommendations regarding risk assessment,to identify women with increased risk for breast cancer,in whom risk-based cancer screening and/or risk-reducing medication use should be provided so as to lower the individual breast cancer risk.展开更多
Objective: The aim of this study was to reveal the exact changes during the occurrence of breast cancer to explore significant new and promising genes or factors related to this disease. Methods: We compared the gene...Objective: The aim of this study was to reveal the exact changes during the occurrence of breast cancer to explore significant new and promising genes or factors related to this disease. Methods: We compared the gene expression profiles of breast cancer tissues with its uninvolved normal breast tissues as controls using the cDNA microarray analysis in seven breast cancer patients. Further, one representative gene, named IFI30, was quanti-tatively analyzed by real-time PCR to confirm the result of the cDNA microarray analysis. Results: A total of 427 genes were identified with significantly differential expression, 221 genes were up-regulated and 206 genes were down-regulated. And the result of cDNA microarray analysis was validated by detection of IFI30 mRNA level changes by real-time PCR. Genes for cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell division, mitosis, apoptosis, and immune response were enriched in the up-regulated genes, while genes for cell adhesion, proteolysis, and transport were significantly enriched in the down-regulated genes in breast cancer tissues compared with normal breast tissues by a gene ontology analysis. Conclusion: Our present study revealed a range of differentially expressed genes between breast cancer tissues and normal breast tissues, and provide candidate genes for further study focusing on the pathogenesis and new biomarkers for breast cancer. Copyright ? 2015, Chinese Medical Association Production. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).展开更多
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52274057,52074340 and 51874335the Major Scientific and Technological Projects of CNPC under Grant ZD2019-183-008+2 种基金the Major Scientific and Technological Projects of CNOOC under Grant CCL2022RCPS0397RSNthe Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of University in Shandong Province under Grant 2019KJH002111 Project under Grant B08028.
文摘To assess whether a development strategy will be profitable enough,production forecasting is a crucial and difficult step in the process.The development history of other reservoirs in the same class tends to be studied to make predictions accurate.However,the permeability field,well patterns,and development regime must all be similar for two reservoirs to be considered in the same class.This results in very few available experiences from other reservoirs even though there is a lot of historical information on numerous reservoirs because it is difficult to find such similar reservoirs.This paper proposes a learn-to-learn method,which can better utilize a vast amount of historical data from various reservoirs.Intuitively,the proposed method first learns how to learn samples before directly learning rules in samples.Technically,by utilizing gradients from networks with independent parameters and copied structure in each class of reservoirs,the proposed network obtains the optimal shared initial parameters which are regarded as transferable information across different classes.Based on that,the network is able to predict future production indices for the target reservoir by only training with very limited samples collected from reservoirs in the same class.Two cases further demonstrate its superiority in accuracy to other widely-used network methods.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51734002,51474141)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M671071)Independent Research and Development Project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy,Shanghai University,China(No.SKLASS 2019-Z014)。
文摘A clean and efficient route for the utilization of ilmenite concentrates was proposed by direct carbothermic reduction in microwave field.High dosage of Na_(2)CO_(3),which can be recycled,was added to accelerate the reduction reaction of ilmenite concentrates.After microwave heating in the temperature range of 1073−1123 K for 20 min,the main products were Na_(2)TiO_(3) and metallic Fe with the metallization ratios being as high as 92.67%−93.21%.The reduction products were processed by water leaching,ball-milling in CO2 atmosphere and magnetic separation in turn.The final products after magnetic separation were Fe-rich materials and Ti-rich materials(90.04 wt.%TiO2),which can be used to produce iron and TiCl4 or TiO2.The optimized heating temperature was 1123 K in terms of metallization ratios,magnetic separation and caking property of the reduction products.Besides,the reduction mechanism of ilmenite concentrates with the addition of Na_(2)CO_(3) in microwave field was also proposed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51578149)
文摘This research of bidirectional pedestrian flows at signalized crosswalks is divided into two parts： model and applica- tion. In the model part, a mixed survey including the questionnaire investigation and tracking investigation is conducted to gain the basic data about walking tendentiousness of a pedestrian crossing. Then, the forward, right-hand, outstripping, and influential coefficients are outlined to quantize walking tendentiousness of pedestrian crossing and estimate transition probabilities of pedestrians. At last, an improved cellular automation model is proposed to describe walking tendentious- ness and crossing behaviors of pedestrians. In the application part, channelization research of bidirectional pedestrian flows is presented for real signalized crosswalk. In this process, the effects of right-side-walking and conformity behaviors on the efficiency of pedestrian crossing are thoroughly analyzed based on simulations and experiments to obtain a final channelization method to raise the efficiency of a pedestrian crossing at the crosswalk.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2016YFC0901300 and 2016YFC0901302)。
文摘Background:Although breast-conserving surgery is one of the standard treatments for breast cancer,few studies have assessed its recent implementation in China.We aimed to clarify the current real-world status of breast-conserving surgery in China.Methods:This cross-sectional survey relied on data collected by the Chinese Society of Breast Surgery(CSBrS)to examine patients who underwent this surgery between January 2018 and December 2018.The survey was conducted using a uniform electronic questionnaire to collect information,including clinical and pathological data on these patients.Results:Overall,4459 breast-conserving surgeries were performed in 34 member units of CSBrS,accounting for 14.6%of all breast cancer surgeries performed in these units during the study period.In patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery with information on tumor size available,more than half(61.2%)of the tumors were smaller than 2 cm in diameter,and only 87(3.2%)tumors were larger than 4 cm in diameter.Among patients who underwent breast-conserving surgeries,457(10.2%)patients received neoadjuvant therapy before the surgery.Among patients with a reported margin width,34(2.0%)patients had a margin of≤2 mm,and 1530(88.2%)of them had a margin of>5 mm.Conclusions:This study demonstrated the rates of breast-conserving surgery in member units of the CSBrS,and introduced the characteristics and surgical margins of patients who underwent this surgery.This information helps describe the real-world status of breast-conserving surgery in China.
文摘The term non-puerperal mastitis(NPM)refers to a group of benign breast diseases of unknown cause that occur in non-puerperal women.The main pathological types are periductal mastitis(PDM)and granulomatous lobular mastitis(GLM).The main clinical manifestations of NPM are breast masses and breast abscesses.Associated fistulas,sinuses,or ulcers can form in the later stages;these tend to be persistent and to fail to heal.The natural course of these conditions is about 9 to 12 months and they frequently recur.There is currently no standard treatment.To help clinicians to make the correct diagnosis and formulate an appropriate treatment plan,the Chinese Society of Breast Surgery has reviewed published reports and conducted discussions between experts to determine the key issues to be included in clinical practice guidelines for NPM.This group has also studied the grading of recommendations assessment,development,and evaluation system,evaluated the relevant evidence,and formulated the following clinical practice guidelines(2021 version)for the diagnosis and treatment of NPM,the aim being to provide a reference standard for breast clinicians.
文摘Granulomatous lobular mastitis is an unusual breast benign inflammatory disorder with unknown aetiology. It is generally emerged with the clinical symptoms of breast mass, abscess, inflammation and mammary duct fistula. The diagnosis is made by histopathology with a chronic non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation in lobules of the breast tissue as the microscopic feature. Therapy of granulomatous lobular mastitis consists of surgical, medication treatment or combination of both, but now researches suggest that observational management is an acceptable treatment.
文摘Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in China.Since Halsted introduced radical mastectomy,surgery has remained the cornerstone of breast cancer treatment.Before performing such surgery,a comprehensive and standardized evaluation should be undertaken.This should include identification of factors that could increase the risk of surgery or prejudice recovery,as well as factors that may affect the subsequent course of the disease.The Chinese Society of Breast Surgery(CSBrS)has conducted a literature review and experts have discussed key clinical issues related to standardizing pre-operative evaluation of patients with breast cancer;evaluated the relevant evidence with reference to the grading of recommendations assessment,development,and evaluation system;combined the accessibility under China's national conditions;and formulated the following written Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pre-operative Evaluation of Breast Cancer(2021 Edition)with the aim of providing a reference for Chinese breast surgeons.
文摘According to GLOBOCAN 2018,the global cancer statistic database by the International Agency for Research on Cancer,breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women.[1]In 2018,more than 2 million new breast cancer cases were reported,with an age standardized rate(ASR)of 46.3 per 100,000,and over 600,000 deaths from breast cancer were estimated,with an ASR of 13.0 per 100,000,worldwide.The number of breast cancer cases continues to increase.In China,more than 270,000 new cases were diagnosed in 2015,with 70,000 reported deaths.[2]In 2018,the number of new cases in the country increased to 367,900.[1]Thus,we urgently need more clinical researches and expert consensus on optimal therapies for breast cancer.
文摘Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in China.Approximately 304,000 new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed during 2015 in China,which ranked first in cancer diagnosis and accounted for 17.1%of all new cancers among women.[1,2]Both the US Preventive Services Task Force(USPSTF)[3]and National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN)clinical practice guidelines[4]have made recommendations regarding risk assessment,to identify women with increased risk for breast cancer,in whom risk-based cancer screening and/or risk-reducing medication use should be provided so as to lower the individual breast cancer risk.
文摘Objective: The aim of this study was to reveal the exact changes during the occurrence of breast cancer to explore significant new and promising genes or factors related to this disease. Methods: We compared the gene expression profiles of breast cancer tissues with its uninvolved normal breast tissues as controls using the cDNA microarray analysis in seven breast cancer patients. Further, one representative gene, named IFI30, was quanti-tatively analyzed by real-time PCR to confirm the result of the cDNA microarray analysis. Results: A total of 427 genes were identified with significantly differential expression, 221 genes were up-regulated and 206 genes were down-regulated. And the result of cDNA microarray analysis was validated by detection of IFI30 mRNA level changes by real-time PCR. Genes for cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell division, mitosis, apoptosis, and immune response were enriched in the up-regulated genes, while genes for cell adhesion, proteolysis, and transport were significantly enriched in the down-regulated genes in breast cancer tissues compared with normal breast tissues by a gene ontology analysis. Conclusion: Our present study revealed a range of differentially expressed genes between breast cancer tissues and normal breast tissues, and provide candidate genes for further study focusing on the pathogenesis and new biomarkers for breast cancer. Copyright ? 2015, Chinese Medical Association Production. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
