In this paper, the design optimization of the structural parameters of multilayer conductors in high temperature superconducting （HTS） cable is reviewed. Various optimization methods, such as the particle swarm opti...In this paper, the design optimization of the structural parameters of multilayer conductors in high temperature superconducting （HTS） cable is reviewed. Various optimization methods, such as the particle swarm optimization （PSO）, the genetic algorithm （GA）, and a robust optimization method based on design for six sigma （DFSS）, have been applied to realize uniform current distribution among the multilayer HTS conductors. The continuous and discrete variables, such as the winding angle, radius, and winding direction of each layer, are chosen as the design parameters. Under the constraints of the mechanical properties and critical current, PSO is proven to be a more powerful tool than GA for structural parameter optimization, and DFSS can not only achieve a uniform current distribution, but also improve significantly the reliability and robustness of the HTS cable quality.展开更多
Apatite ceramics Ca10(PO4)6 X2(X=F,OH)were prepared by the standard solid state sintering method and irradiated with He ions under a fluence of 5×10^16 ions/cm^2 at 450℃.Irradiation induced formation and growth ...Apatite ceramics Ca10(PO4)6 X2(X=F,OH)were prepared by the standard solid state sintering method and irradiated with He ions under a fluence of 5×10^16 ions/cm^2 at 450℃.Irradiation induced formation and growth of the He bubbles were observed by a transmission electron microscope.Hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 and fluoroapatite Ca10(PO4)6 F2 with different He bubble morphologies indicate the influence of OH^-/F^-substitution on the He-ion annealing efficiency,as well as the structure itself,which affects the process of He bubble evolution and formation.The grain boundaries also act as sinks to accumulate He bubbles.No obvious irradiation damage but slight intensity reduction and left shift of diffraction peaks were observed according to the grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and Raman spectra characterizations,indicating that defects of interstitials and vacancies were generated.展开更多
文摘In this paper, the design optimization of the structural parameters of multilayer conductors in high temperature superconducting （HTS） cable is reviewed. Various optimization methods, such as the particle swarm optimization （PSO）, the genetic algorithm （GA）, and a robust optimization method based on design for six sigma （DFSS）, have been applied to realize uniform current distribution among the multilayer HTS conductors. The continuous and discrete variables, such as the winding angle, radius, and winding direction of each layer, are chosen as the design parameters. Under the constraints of the mechanical properties and critical current, PSO is proven to be a more powerful tool than GA for structural parameter optimization, and DFSS can not only achieve a uniform current distribution, but also improve significantly the reliability and robustness of the HTS cable quality.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(Grant No.2017J01007)partially by the Energy Development Foundation of Energy College(Grant No.2018NYFZ01)。
文摘Apatite ceramics Ca10(PO4)6 X2(X=F,OH)were prepared by the standard solid state sintering method and irradiated with He ions under a fluence of 5×10^16 ions/cm^2 at 450℃.Irradiation induced formation and growth of the He bubbles were observed by a transmission electron microscope.Hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 and fluoroapatite Ca10(PO4)6 F2 with different He bubble morphologies indicate the influence of OH^-/F^-substitution on the He-ion annealing efficiency,as well as the structure itself,which affects the process of He bubble evolution and formation.The grain boundaries also act as sinks to accumulate He bubbles.No obvious irradiation damage but slight intensity reduction and left shift of diffraction peaks were observed according to the grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and Raman spectra characterizations,indicating that defects of interstitials and vacancies were generated.
