Anode-free Li-metal batteries are of significant interest to energy storage industries due to their intrinsically high energy.However,the accumulative Li dendrites and dead Li continuously consume active Li during cyc...Anode-free Li-metal batteries are of significant interest to energy storage industries due to their intrinsically high energy.However,the accumulative Li dendrites and dead Li continuously consume active Li during cycling.That results in a short lifetime and low Coulombic efficiency of anode-free Li-metal batteries.Introducing effective electrolyte additives can improve the Li deposition homogeneity and solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)stability for anode-free Li-metal batteries.Herein,we reveal that introducing dual additives,composed of LiAsF6 and fluoroethylene carbonate,into a low-cost commercial carbonate electrolyte will boost the cycle life and average Coulombic efficiency of NMC‖Cu anode-free Li-metal batteries.The NMC‖Cu anode-free Li-metal batteries with the dual additives exhibit a capacity retention of about 75%after 50 cycles,much higher than those with bare electrolytes(35%).The average Coulombic efficiency of the NMC‖Cu anode-free Li-metal batteries with additives can maintain 98.3%over 100 cycles.In contrast,the average Coulombic efficiency without additives rapidly decline to 97%after only 50 cycles.In situ Raman measurements reveal that the prepared dual additives facilitate denser and smoother Li morphology during Li deposition.The dual additives significantly suppress the Li dendrite growth,enabling stable SEI formation on anode and cathode surfaces.Our results provide a broad view of developing low-cost and high-effective functional electrolytes for high-energy and long-life anode-free Li-metal batteries.展开更多
In the coastal environment,the co-occurrence of antibiotic and nanoplastic pollution is common.Investigating their individual and combined toxicity to marine organisms is of great necessity.In the present study,the re...In the coastal environment,the co-occurrence of antibiotic and nanoplastic pollution is common.Investigating their individual and combined toxicity to marine organisms is of great necessity.In the present study,the reproductive toxicity of sulfamethazine(SMZ)and nanoplastics(polystyrene,PS)via the dietary route on the spermatogenesis of marine medaka(Oryzias melastigma)was examined.After 30 d of dietary exposure,SMZ alone decreased the gonadosomatic index(GSI)value(~35%)and the proportion of undifferentiated type A spermatogonia(A_(und))(~40%),probably by disrupting the testicular sex hormone production,the spermatogenesis-related growth factor network and the balance of apoptosis.Individual exposure to PS did not affect the GSI value or the proportions of germ cells at different developmental stages,but dysregulated the expression of several spermatogenesis-related genes.Interestingly,the presence of PS alleviated the decreased GSI value caused by SMZ.This alleviation effect was achieved by enhancing the spermatogonia differentiation instead of reversing the suppressed self-renewal of A_(und),suggesting that the mixture of PS and SMZ could cause reproductive effects in a different way.These findings expand our knowledge of threats of ubiquitous antibiotic and nanoplastic pollution to fish reproduction and population.展开更多
Estimated ocean subsurface fields derived from satellite observations provide potential data sources for operational marine environmental monitoring and prediction systems.This study employs a statistic regression rec...Estimated ocean subsurface fields derived from satellite observations provide potential data sources for operational marine environmental monitoring and prediction systems.This study employs a statistic regression reconstruction method,in combination with domestic autonomous sea surface height and sea surface temperature observations from the Haiyang-2(HY-2)satellite fusion data,to establish an operational quasi-realtime three-dimensional(3D)temperature and salinity products over the Maritime Silk Road.These products feature a daily temporal resolution and a spatial resolution of 0.25°×0.25°and exhibit stability and continuity.We have demonstrated the accuracy of the reconstructed thermohaline fields in capturing the 3D thermohaline variations through comprehensive statistical evaluations,after comparing them against Argo observations and ocean analysis data from 2022.The results illustrate that the reconstructed fields effectively represent seasonal variations in oceanic subsurface structures,along with structural changes resulting from mesoscale processes,and the upper ocean’s responses to tropical cyclones.Furthermore,the incorporation of HY-2 satellite observations notably enhances the accuracy of temperature and salinity reconstructions in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and marginally improves salinity reconstruction accuracy in the North Indian Ocean when compared to the World Ocean Atlas 2018 monthly climatology thermohaline fields.As a result,the reconstructed product holds promise for providing quasi-real-time 3D temperature and salinity field information to facilitate fast decisionmaking during emergencies,and also offers foundational thermohaline fields for operational ocean reanalysis and forecasting systems.These contributions enhance the safety and stability of ocean subsurface activities and navigation.展开更多
With excellent energy densities and highly safe performance,solidstate lithium batteries(SSLBs)have been hailed as promising energy storage devices.Solid-state electrolyte is the core component of SSLBs and plays an e...With excellent energy densities and highly safe performance,solidstate lithium batteries(SSLBs)have been hailed as promising energy storage devices.Solid-state electrolyte is the core component of SSLBs and plays an essential role in the safety and electrochemical performance of the cells.Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)are considered as one of the most promising candidates among all solid-state electrolytes due to their excellent comprehensive performance.In this review,we briefly introduce the components of CPEs,such as the polymer matrix and the species of fillers,as well as the integration of fillers in the polymers.In particular,we focus on the two major obstacles that affect the development of CPEs:the low ionic conductivity of the electrolyte and high interfacial impedance.We provide insight into the factors influencing ionic conductivity,in terms of macroscopic and microscopic aspects,including the aggregated structure of the polymer,ion migration rate and carrier concentration.In addition,we also discuss the electrode-electrolyte interface and summarize methods for improving this interface.It is expected that this review will provide feasible solutions for modifying CPEs through further understanding of the ion conduction mechanism in CPEs and for improving the compatibility of the electrode-electrolyte interface.展开更多
There is instability in the distributed energy storage cloud group end region on the power grid side.In order to avoid large-scale fluctuating charging and discharging in the power grid environment and make the capaci...There is instability in the distributed energy storage cloud group end region on the power grid side.In order to avoid large-scale fluctuating charging and discharging in the power grid environment and make the capacitor components showa continuous and stable charging and discharging state,a hierarchical time-sharing configuration algorithm of distributed energy storage cloud group end region on the power grid side based on multi-scale and multi feature convolution neural network is proposed.Firstly,a voltage stability analysis model based onmulti-scale and multi feature convolution neural network is constructed,and the multi-scale and multi feature convolution neural network is optimized based on Self-OrganizingMaps(SOM)algorithm to analyze the voltage stability of the cloud group end region of distributed energy storage on the grid side under the framework of credibility.According to the optimal scheduling objectives and network size,the distributed robust optimal configuration control model is solved under the framework of coordinated optimal scheduling at multiple time scales;Finally,the time series characteristics of regional power grid load and distributed generation are analyzed.According to the regional hierarchical time-sharing configuration model of“cloud”,“group”and“end”layer,the grid side distributed energy storage cloud group end regional hierarchical time-sharing configuration algorithm is realized.The experimental results show that after applying this algorithm,the best grid side distributed energy storage configuration scheme can be determined,and the stability of grid side distributed energy storage cloud group end region layered timesharing configuration can be improved.展开更多
Early seedling vigor(ESV)is a major breeding target in rice,especially under direct seeding.To identify quantitative trait locus(QTL)affecting ESV,a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between 0242...Early seedling vigor(ESV)is a major breeding target in rice,especially under direct seeding.To identify quantitative trait locus(QTL)affecting ESV,a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between 02428 and YZX,two cultivars differing in vigor during early seedling growth,was used for QTL analysis.Nine traits associated with ESV were examined using a high-density map.Of 16 additive loci identified,three were detected in two generations and thus considered stable.Four epistatic interactions were detected,one of which was repeated in two generations.Further analysis of the pyramiding effect of the three stable QTL showed that the phenotypic value could be effectively improved with an increasing number of QTL.These results were combined with results from our previous QTL analysis of the germination index.The lines G58 and G182 combined all the favourable alleles of all three stable QTL for ESV and three QTL for germination speed.These two lines showed rapid germination and strong ESV.A total of 37 candidate differentially expressed genes were obtained from the regions of the three stable QTL by analysis of the dynamic transcriptomic expression profile during the seedling growth period of the two parents.The QTL are targets for ESV breeding and the candidate genes await functional validation.This study provides a theoretical basis and a genetic resource for the breeding of directseeded rice.展开更多
In our previous study, we reported that prenatal restraint stress could induce cognitive deficits, which correlated with a change in expression of growth-associated protein 43 in the hippocampus. In this study, we inv...In our previous study, we reported that prenatal restraint stress could induce cognitive deficits, which correlated with a change in expression of growth-associated protein 43 in the hippocampus. In this study, we investigated the effects of enriched environment on cognitive abilities in prenatally stressed rat offspring, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Reverse transcription-PCR and western blot assay results revealed that growth-associated protein 43 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated on postnatal day 15 in the prenatal restraint stress group. Growth-associated protein 43 expression was significantly lower in the prenatal restraint stress group compared with the negative control and prenatal restraint stress plus enriched environment groups on postnatal days 30 and 50. Morris water maze test demonstrated that cognitive abilities were noticeably increased in rats from the prenatal restraint stress plus enriched environment group on postnatal day 50. These results indicate that enriched environment can improve the spatial learning and memory ability of prenatally stressed offspring by upregulating growth-associated protein 43 expression.展开更多
To improve the Arctic sea ice forecast skill of the First Institute of Oceanography-Earth System Model(FIO-ESM)climate forecast system,satellite-derived sea ice concentration and sea ice thickness from the Pan-Arctic ...To improve the Arctic sea ice forecast skill of the First Institute of Oceanography-Earth System Model(FIO-ESM)climate forecast system,satellite-derived sea ice concentration and sea ice thickness from the Pan-Arctic IceOcean Modeling and Assimilation System(PIOMAS)are assimilated into this system,using the method of localized error subspace transform ensemble Kalman filter(LESTKF).Five-year(2014–2018)Arctic sea ice assimilation experiments and a 2-month near-real-time forecast in August 2018 were conducted to study the roles of ice data assimilation.Assimilation experiment results show that ice concentration assimilation can help to get better modeled ice concentration and ice extent.All the biases of ice concentration,ice cover,ice volume,and ice thickness can be reduced dramatically through ice concentration and thickness assimilation.The near-real-time forecast results indicate that ice data assimilation can improve the forecast skill significantly in the FIO-ESM climate forecast system.The forecasted Arctic integrated ice edge error is reduced by around 1/3 by sea ice data assimilation.Compared with the six near-real-time Arctic sea ice forecast results from the subseasonal-toseasonal(S2 S)Prediction Project,FIO-ESM climate forecast system with LESTKF ice data assimilation has relatively high Arctic sea ice forecast skill in 2018 summer sea ice forecast.Since sea ice thickness in the PIOMAS is updated in time,it is a good choice for data assimilation to improve sea ice prediction skills in the near-realtime Arctic sea ice seasonal prediction.展开更多
Pinus yunnanensis Franch. is an particular conifer tree species in Yunnan-Guizhou plateau in south- west China. The morphological and anatomical traits of needles are important to evaluate geographic variation and pop...Pinus yunnanensis Franch. is an particular conifer tree species in Yunnan-Guizhou plateau in south- west China. The morphological and anatomical traits of needles are important to evaluate geographic variation and population dynamics of conifer species. Seedlings from seven populations of P. yunnanensis were analyzed, look- ing at 22 morphological and anatomical needle traits. The results showed that variations among and within popula- tions were significantly different for all traits and the variance components within populations were generally higher than that among populations in the most tested needle traits. The proportions of three-needle fascicle were significantly different among populations. The traits related to needle size in both morphology and anatomy were positive with latitude and negative with annual temperature and precipitation. Ratio indices, including mesophyllarea/vascular bundle area, mesophyll area/resin canals area, vascular bundle area/resin canals area and mesophyU area/（resin canals area and vascular bundle area）, were negatively correlated with elevation and positively corre- lated with the annual mean temperature, showing some fitness feature for the populations. Needle traits were more significantly correlated with longitude than with other four environmental factors. Needle length was significantly correlated with almost all environmental factors. First four principal components accounted for 81.596 % of the variation with eigenvalues 〉1; the differences among populations were mainly dependent on needle width, stomatal density, section areas of vascular bundle, total resin canals, and mesophyll, as well as area ratio traits. Seven populations were divided into three categories by Euclidean distance. Variations in needle traits among the populations have shown systematic microevolution in terms of geographic impact on P. yunnanensis. This study would provide empirical data to characterize adaptation and genetic variation of P. yunnanensis, which would be helpful for management of genetic resources and reason- able utilization of them in future.展开更多
Structure reconstruction of 3 D anatomy from biplanar X-ray images is a challenging topic. Traditionally, the elastic-model-based method was used to reconstruct 3 D shapes by deforming the control points on the elasti...Structure reconstruction of 3 D anatomy from biplanar X-ray images is a challenging topic. Traditionally, the elastic-model-based method was used to reconstruct 3 D shapes by deforming the control points on the elastic mesh. However, the reconstructed shape is not smooth because the limited control points are only distributed on the edge of the elastic mesh.Alternatively, statistical-model-based methods, which include shape-model-based and intensity-model-based methods, are introduced due to their smooth reconstruction. However, both suffer from limitations. With the shape-model-based method, only the boundary profile is considered, leading to the loss of valid intensity information. For the intensity-based-method, the computation speed is slow because it needs to calculate the intensity distribution in each iteration. To address these issues, we propose a new reconstruction method using X-ray images and a specimen’s CT data. Specifically, the CT data provides both the shape mesh and the intensity model of the vertebra. Intensity model is used to generate the deformation field from X-ray images, while the shape model is used to generate the patient specific model by applying the calculated deformation field.Experiments on the public synthetic dataset and clinical dataset show that the average reconstruction errors are 1.1 mm and1.2 mm, separately. The average reconstruction time is 3 minutes.展开更多
This present study was aimed to investigate the roles of the receptors of Thl/Th2 cytokines and chemokines in lhe pathogenesis of chronic idiopathic urticaria （CIU）. Thirty patients with CIU, 30 patients with dermog...This present study was aimed to investigate the roles of the receptors of Thl/Th2 cytokines and chemokines in lhe pathogenesis of chronic idiopathic urticaria （CIU）. Thirty patients with CIU, 30 patients with dermographism and 30 healthy controls were randomly enrolled. Reverse transcription-PCR （RT-PCR） was used to analyze the mRNA of cytokine receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs）. The mRNA levels of tumor necro- sis factor receptor （TNFR）, interferon-7 receptor （IFN-yR）, and interleukin-10 receptor （IL-IOR） were statistically increased in the CIU group （P 〈 0.05）, while IL-2R, IL-4R, IL-6R, and IL-13R showed no significant differences between the CIU and other groups. The mRNA levels of CCR3 and CCR6 were statistically increased in the CIU group （P 〈 0.05）. The toll-like receptor 2 （TLR2） mRNA level was significantly lower in the CIU group than the healthy control group （P 〈 0.05）. These findings indicate that the regulation of mRNA of TNFR, IFN-γR, IL-IOR, CCR3, CCR6 and TLR2 may be involved in the pathogenesis of CIU.展开更多
The species diversity and altitudinal distribution of amphibians along an eleva tional gradient of 200-1600 m in the Xianxialing and Wuyishan Mountain Ranges in Southeastern China were investiga ted through time-const...The species diversity and altitudinal distribution of amphibians along an eleva tional gradient of 200-1600 m in the Xianxialing and Wuyishan Mountain Ranges in Southeastern China were investiga ted through time-constra ined visual surveys along 32 transect lines in 9 survey areas,in which the ha bitat types were also recorded.A total of 27 amphibian species belonging to 19 genera,7 families,and 2 orders were found.The species diversity of the amphibians plateaued at low elevation,and the altitudinal boundary of their distribution was at 800 m.Their species compositions were dissimilar in the two mountain ranges probably beca use the annual average temperature and annual rainfall were different in both areas.The eleva tional Rapoport's rule demonstrated that the species range size of the amphibians expanded as the elevation increased in both mountain ranges.The results of the cross species method supported the rule only when the influence of the low-frequency occurrence proba bility of an investigated species was excluded,whereas those of the Steven's method strongly corroborated the rule rega rdless of the incidental occurrence or absence of the species.展开更多
Poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)is a classic matrix model for solid polymer electrolyte which can not only dissociate lithium-ions(Li^(+)),but also can conduct Li^(+) through segmental motion in long-range.However,the crysta...Poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)is a classic matrix model for solid polymer electrolyte which can not only dissociate lithium-ions(Li^(+)),but also can conduct Li^(+) through segmental motion in long-range.However,the crystal aggregation state of PEO restricts the conduction of Li^(+) especially at room temperature.In this work,an amorphous polymer electrolyte with ethylene oxide(EO)and propylene oxide(PO)block structure(B-PEG@DMC)synthesized by the transesterification is firstly obtained,showing an ionic conductivity value of 1.1×10^(5) S/cm at room temperature(25℃).According to the molecular dynamics(MD)simulation,the PO segments would lead to an inconsecutive and hampered conduction of Li^(+),which is not beneficial to the short range conduction of Li^(+).Thus the effect of transformation of aggregation state on the improveme nt of ionic conductivity is not eno ugh,it is n ecessary to further consider the differe nt coupled behaviours of EO and PO segments with Li^(+).In this way,we blend this amorphous polymer(B-PEG@DMC)with PEO to obtain a dual range ionic conductive solid polymer electrolyte(D-SPE)with further improved ionic conductivity promoted by constructing a dual range fast ionic conduction,which eventually shows a further improved ionic conductivity value of 2.3×10^(5) S/cm at room temperature.展开更多
In this paper, a calculation model for the breakdown time delay and jitter of gas switches under hundred-nanosecond pulses is proposed and applied in a self-triggered pre-ionized switch. The effects of injection time ...In this paper, a calculation model for the breakdown time delay and jitter of gas switches under hundred-nanosecond pulses is proposed and applied in a self-triggered pre-ionized switch. The effects of injection time of pre-ionization, pulse rise time, and the pre-ionization jitter are discussed and verified through experiments. It indicates that the pre-ionization should be injected when the electric field is high enough in the gap, injection after 80% peak-time can ensure its effectiveness.Then the statistical time delay jitter will be determined by the pre-ionization jitter, which is an intrinsic restriction of the self-triggered switch. However, when the changing rate of the pulsed electric field exceeds a certain value, the breakdown time delay jitter can be partly offset in the formative stage because the formative time delay has an exponential relationship with the electric field. Therefore, lower time jitter can be obtained under pulses with a shorter pulse rise time. In general, the results of the calculation model agree with the experimental results, and the experimental parameters which lead to a low jitter can also be used as a reference.展开更多
Objective： This study aimed to comprehensively assess Epstein-Barr virus（EBV）-induced methylation alterations of B cell across whole genome.Methods： We compared DNA methylation patterns of primary B cells and corr...Objective： This study aimed to comprehensively assess Epstein-Barr virus（EBV）-induced methylation alterations of B cell across whole genome.Methods： We compared DNA methylation patterns of primary B cells and corresponding lymphoblastoid cell lines（LCLs） from eight participants. The genome-wide DNA methylation profiles were compared at over 850,000 genome-wide methylation sites.Results： DNA methylation analysis revealed 87,732 differentially methylated Cp G sites, representing approximately 12.41% of all sites in LCLs compared to primary B cells. The hypermethylated and hypomethylated Cp G sites were about 22.75% or 77.25%, respectively. Only 0.8% of hypomethylated sites and 4.5% of hypermethylated sites were located in Cp G islands, whereas 8.0% of hypomethylated sites and 16.3% of hypermethylated sites were located in shore（N_shore and S_shore）. Using principal component analysis of the DNA methylation profiles, primary B cells and LCLs could be accurately predicted. Gene Ontology（GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） analysis of differently methylated genes revealed that most of the top GO biological processes were related to cell activation and immune response, and some top enrichment pathways were related with activation and malignant transformation of human B cells.Conclusions： Our study demonstrated genome-wide DNA methylation variations between primary B cells and corresponding LCLs, which might yield new insight on the methylation mechanism of EBV-induced immortalization.展开更多
The single crystals of Nd_(0.5)Pr_(0.5)FeO_(3)were successfully grown by optical floating zone method.Room temperature x-ray diffraction and Laue photograph declared the homogeneity and high quality of the crystal.The...The single crystals of Nd_(0.5)Pr_(0.5)FeO_(3)were successfully grown by optical floating zone method.Room temperature x-ray diffraction and Laue photograph declared the homogeneity and high quality of the crystal.The significant magnetic anisotropy and multiple magnetic transitions illustrate the complex magnetic structure.At high temperatures(T>66 K),it shows the typical characteristics ofΓ_(4)(G_(x),A_(y),F_(z))state.With the decrease of the temperature,it undergoes a first-order spin reorientation transition fromΓ_(4)(G_(x),A_(y),F_(z))toΓ_(2)(F_(x),C_(y),G_(z))state in the temperature window of 45-66 K under an applied magnetic field of 0.01 T.As the temperature drops to~17 K,a new magnetic interaction mechanism works,which results in a further enhancement of magnetization.The T-H phase diagram of Nd_(0.5)Pr_(0.5)FeO_(3)single crystal was finally constructed.展开更多
[Objectives] The aim was to explore the best parameters for processing Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix by bean curd. [Methods] Orthogonal test( L_(16)(4~3)) was designed to investigate the optimal soaking time,decocting tim...[Objectives] The aim was to explore the best parameters for processing Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix by bean curd. [Methods] Orthogonal test( L_(16)(4~3)) was designed to investigate the optimal soaking time,decocting time and bean curd proportion for processing Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix by bean curd. The contents of monoester alkaloids and diester-alkaloids were measured as the evaluation indexes. [Results]The contents of monoester alkaloids were 0. 11%,0. 07%,0. 062% and 0. 048% respectively under the four levels of soaking time,were0. 081%,0. 066%,0. 074% and 0. 067% respectively under the four levels of decocting time,and were 0. 070%,0. 072%,0. 080% and0. 073% respectively under the four levels of bean curd proportion. The content of diester-alkaloids was all below 0. 034%. The influence intensity of the three factors on the content of monoester alkaloids ranked as soaking time > decocting time > bean curd proportion. Under any of the above conditions,the content of diester-alkaloids was below the limit of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The content of diester-alkaloids was reduced obviously with the increased use of bean curd. [Conclusions] The optimum processing conditions for Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix were A_3B_3C_2,i. e.,soaking time of 6 d,decocting time of 5 h and bean curd proportion of 25%.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the photodynamic technology(PDT) of water-soluble sodium chlorophyllin extract from Spirulina and its photodynamic sterilization efficiency on Gram bacteria and pho...[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the photodynamic technology(PDT) of water-soluble sodium chlorophyllin extract from Spirulina and its photodynamic sterilization efficiency on Gram bacteria and photodynamic antitumor effect on rat glioma C6 cells. [Methods]The absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum of sodium chlorophyllin were measured by an ultraviolet spectrophotometer and a fluorescence spectrophotometer;the plate count method was used to investigate the photodynamic sterilization efficiency of sodium chlorophyllin on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus;and the MTT method was used to determine the photodynamic antitumor effect of sodium chlorophyllin on rat glioma cell C6. [Results] The sterilization rates of sodium chlorophyllin with the 100 J/cm^2 photodynamic treatment were 98.96% 1.284 and 100% 0 on S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. The half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50) of the sodium chlorophyllin photodynamic therapy with 5, 10 and 20 J/cm^2 on C6 were 69.9, 48.21 and 47.56 μg/ml respectively, and the dark toxicity was extremely low at 0 J/cm^2. [Conclusions]The photodynamic treatment mediated by the alcohol-extracted sodium chlorophyllin from Spirulina showed excellent inhibitory effects on bacteria and tumor cells. This study initially reveals its excellent photodynamic performance and provides a reference for its in-depth application in the field of photodynamic therapy.展开更多
基金fellowship support from the China Scholarship Council
文摘Anode-free Li-metal batteries are of significant interest to energy storage industries due to their intrinsically high energy.However,the accumulative Li dendrites and dead Li continuously consume active Li during cycling.That results in a short lifetime and low Coulombic efficiency of anode-free Li-metal batteries.Introducing effective electrolyte additives can improve the Li deposition homogeneity and solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)stability for anode-free Li-metal batteries.Herein,we reveal that introducing dual additives,composed of LiAsF6 and fluoroethylene carbonate,into a low-cost commercial carbonate electrolyte will boost the cycle life and average Coulombic efficiency of NMC‖Cu anode-free Li-metal batteries.The NMC‖Cu anode-free Li-metal batteries with the dual additives exhibit a capacity retention of about 75%after 50 cycles,much higher than those with bare electrolytes(35%).The average Coulombic efficiency of the NMC‖Cu anode-free Li-metal batteries with additives can maintain 98.3%over 100 cycles.In contrast,the average Coulombic efficiency without additives rapidly decline to 97%after only 50 cycles.In situ Raman measurements reveal that the prepared dual additives facilitate denser and smoother Li morphology during Li deposition.The dual additives significantly suppress the Li dendrite growth,enabling stable SEI formation on anode and cathode surfaces.Our results provide a broad view of developing low-cost and high-effective functional electrolytes for high-energy and long-life anode-free Li-metal batteries.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.42106119the Department of Science and Technology of Fujian Province under contract Nos 2022J02052,2020J05175 and 2020J05178+1 种基金the Fujian Provincial Department of Ocean and Fisheries under contract No.FJHJF-L-2022-12the Yancheng Fishery High Quality Development Project under contract No.YCSCYJ2021023.
文摘In the coastal environment,the co-occurrence of antibiotic and nanoplastic pollution is common.Investigating their individual and combined toxicity to marine organisms is of great necessity.In the present study,the reproductive toxicity of sulfamethazine(SMZ)and nanoplastics(polystyrene,PS)via the dietary route on the spermatogenesis of marine medaka(Oryzias melastigma)was examined.After 30 d of dietary exposure,SMZ alone decreased the gonadosomatic index(GSI)value(~35%)and the proportion of undifferentiated type A spermatogonia(A_(und))(~40%),probably by disrupting the testicular sex hormone production,the spermatogenesis-related growth factor network and the balance of apoptosis.Individual exposure to PS did not affect the GSI value or the proportions of germ cells at different developmental stages,but dysregulated the expression of several spermatogenesis-related genes.Interestingly,the presence of PS alleviated the decreased GSI value caused by SMZ.This alleviation effect was achieved by enhancing the spermatogonia differentiation instead of reversing the suppressed self-renewal of A_(und),suggesting that the mixture of PS and SMZ could cause reproductive effects in a different way.These findings expand our knowledge of threats of ubiquitous antibiotic and nanoplastic pollution to fish reproduction and population.
基金The China-ASEAN Marine Cooperation Foundationthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under contract No.B210203041+1 种基金the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province under contract No.KYCX23_0657the opening project of the Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Information Technology of Ministry of Natural Resources under contract No.521037412.
文摘Estimated ocean subsurface fields derived from satellite observations provide potential data sources for operational marine environmental monitoring and prediction systems.This study employs a statistic regression reconstruction method,in combination with domestic autonomous sea surface height and sea surface temperature observations from the Haiyang-2(HY-2)satellite fusion data,to establish an operational quasi-realtime three-dimensional(3D)temperature and salinity products over the Maritime Silk Road.These products feature a daily temporal resolution and a spatial resolution of 0.25°×0.25°and exhibit stability and continuity.We have demonstrated the accuracy of the reconstructed thermohaline fields in capturing the 3D thermohaline variations through comprehensive statistical evaluations,after comparing them against Argo observations and ocean analysis data from 2022.The results illustrate that the reconstructed fields effectively represent seasonal variations in oceanic subsurface structures,along with structural changes resulting from mesoscale processes,and the upper ocean’s responses to tropical cyclones.Furthermore,the incorporation of HY-2 satellite observations notably enhances the accuracy of temperature and salinity reconstructions in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and marginally improves salinity reconstruction accuracy in the North Indian Ocean when compared to the World Ocean Atlas 2018 monthly climatology thermohaline fields.As a result,the reconstructed product holds promise for providing quasi-real-time 3D temperature and salinity field information to facilitate fast decisionmaking during emergencies,and also offers foundational thermohaline fields for operational ocean reanalysis and forecasting systems.These contributions enhance the safety and stability of ocean subsurface activities and navigation.
基金the funding support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Number 2021YFB2400300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number 21875195,22021001)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Number 20720190040)。
文摘With excellent energy densities and highly safe performance,solidstate lithium batteries(SSLBs)have been hailed as promising energy storage devices.Solid-state electrolyte is the core component of SSLBs and plays an essential role in the safety and electrochemical performance of the cells.Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)are considered as one of the most promising candidates among all solid-state electrolytes due to their excellent comprehensive performance.In this review,we briefly introduce the components of CPEs,such as the polymer matrix and the species of fillers,as well as the integration of fillers in the polymers.In particular,we focus on the two major obstacles that affect the development of CPEs:the low ionic conductivity of the electrolyte and high interfacial impedance.We provide insight into the factors influencing ionic conductivity,in terms of macroscopic and microscopic aspects,including the aggregated structure of the polymer,ion migration rate and carrier concentration.In addition,we also discuss the electrode-electrolyte interface and summarize methods for improving this interface.It is expected that this review will provide feasible solutions for modifying CPEs through further understanding of the ion conduction mechanism in CPEs and for improving the compatibility of the electrode-electrolyte interface.
基金supported by State Grid Corporation Limited Science and Technology Project Funding(Contract No.SGCQSQ00YJJS2200380).
文摘There is instability in the distributed energy storage cloud group end region on the power grid side.In order to avoid large-scale fluctuating charging and discharging in the power grid environment and make the capacitor components showa continuous and stable charging and discharging state,a hierarchical time-sharing configuration algorithm of distributed energy storage cloud group end region on the power grid side based on multi-scale and multi feature convolution neural network is proposed.Firstly,a voltage stability analysis model based onmulti-scale and multi feature convolution neural network is constructed,and the multi-scale and multi feature convolution neural network is optimized based on Self-OrganizingMaps(SOM)algorithm to analyze the voltage stability of the cloud group end region of distributed energy storage on the grid side under the framework of credibility.According to the optimal scheduling objectives and network size,the distributed robust optimal configuration control model is solved under the framework of coordinated optimal scheduling at multiple time scales;Finally,the time series characteristics of regional power grid load and distributed generation are analyzed.According to the regional hierarchical time-sharing configuration model of“cloud”,“group”and“end”layer,the grid side distributed energy storage cloud group end regional hierarchical time-sharing configuration algorithm is realized.The experimental results show that after applying this algorithm,the best grid side distributed energy storage configuration scheme can be determined,and the stability of grid side distributed energy storage cloud group end region layered timesharing configuration can be improved.
基金This research was supported by the Breeding New Varieties of Rice Suitable for Light and Simple Cultivation and Mechanized Production Project(2017YFD0100104)the Research and Development Plan for Key Areas in Guangdong Province(2018B020206002)+1 种基金the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-01-17)Special thanks are due to the South China Agricultural University Doctoral Innovative Talents(Domestic Training)Cultivation Program(CX2019N044)。
文摘Early seedling vigor(ESV)is a major breeding target in rice,especially under direct seeding.To identify quantitative trait locus(QTL)affecting ESV,a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between 02428 and YZX,two cultivars differing in vigor during early seedling growth,was used for QTL analysis.Nine traits associated with ESV were examined using a high-density map.Of 16 additive loci identified,three were detected in two generations and thus considered stable.Four epistatic interactions were detected,one of which was repeated in two generations.Further analysis of the pyramiding effect of the three stable QTL showed that the phenotypic value could be effectively improved with an increasing number of QTL.These results were combined with results from our previous QTL analysis of the germination index.The lines G58 and G182 combined all the favourable alleles of all three stable QTL for ESV and three QTL for germination speed.These two lines showed rapid germination and strong ESV.A total of 37 candidate differentially expressed genes were obtained from the regions of the three stable QTL by analysis of the dynamic transcriptomic expression profile during the seedling growth period of the two parents.The QTL are targets for ESV breeding and the candidate genes await functional validation.This study provides a theoretical basis and a genetic resource for the breeding of directseeded rice.
基金supported by a grant from Guangzhou Medical University in China,No. 2010-2012
文摘In our previous study, we reported that prenatal restraint stress could induce cognitive deficits, which correlated with a change in expression of growth-associated protein 43 in the hippocampus. In this study, we investigated the effects of enriched environment on cognitive abilities in prenatally stressed rat offspring, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Reverse transcription-PCR and western blot assay results revealed that growth-associated protein 43 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated on postnatal day 15 in the prenatal restraint stress group. Growth-associated protein 43 expression was significantly lower in the prenatal restraint stress group compared with the negative control and prenatal restraint stress plus enriched environment groups on postnatal days 30 and 50. Morris water maze test demonstrated that cognitive abilities were noticeably increased in rats from the prenatal restraint stress plus enriched environment group on postnatal day 50. These results indicate that enriched environment can improve the spatial learning and memory ability of prenatally stressed offspring by upregulating growth-associated protein 43 expression.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract Nos 2018YFC1407205 and2018YFA0605901the Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institute of China(ShuXingbei Young Talent Program)under contract No.2019S06+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41821004,42022042 and 41941012the China-Korea Cooperation Project on Northwestern Pacific Climate Change and its Prediction。
文摘To improve the Arctic sea ice forecast skill of the First Institute of Oceanography-Earth System Model(FIO-ESM)climate forecast system,satellite-derived sea ice concentration and sea ice thickness from the Pan-Arctic IceOcean Modeling and Assimilation System(PIOMAS)are assimilated into this system,using the method of localized error subspace transform ensemble Kalman filter(LESTKF).Five-year(2014–2018)Arctic sea ice assimilation experiments and a 2-month near-real-time forecast in August 2018 were conducted to study the roles of ice data assimilation.Assimilation experiment results show that ice concentration assimilation can help to get better modeled ice concentration and ice extent.All the biases of ice concentration,ice cover,ice volume,and ice thickness can be reduced dramatically through ice concentration and thickness assimilation.The near-real-time forecast results indicate that ice data assimilation can improve the forecast skill significantly in the FIO-ESM climate forecast system.The forecasted Arctic integrated ice edge error is reduced by around 1/3 by sea ice data assimilation.Compared with the six near-real-time Arctic sea ice forecast results from the subseasonal-toseasonal(S2 S)Prediction Project,FIO-ESM climate forecast system with LESTKF ice data assimilation has relatively high Arctic sea ice forecast skill in 2018 summer sea ice forecast.Since sea ice thickness in the PIOMAS is updated in time,it is a good choice for data assimilation to improve sea ice prediction skills in the near-realtime Arctic sea ice seasonal prediction.
基金finically supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(31070591)Special National Forestry Public Welfare Industry Research(201104022)the support of Southwest Forestry University
文摘Pinus yunnanensis Franch. is an particular conifer tree species in Yunnan-Guizhou plateau in south- west China. The morphological and anatomical traits of needles are important to evaluate geographic variation and population dynamics of conifer species. Seedlings from seven populations of P. yunnanensis were analyzed, look- ing at 22 morphological and anatomical needle traits. The results showed that variations among and within popula- tions were significantly different for all traits and the variance components within populations were generally higher than that among populations in the most tested needle traits. The proportions of three-needle fascicle were significantly different among populations. The traits related to needle size in both morphology and anatomy were positive with latitude and negative with annual temperature and precipitation. Ratio indices, including mesophyllarea/vascular bundle area, mesophyll area/resin canals area, vascular bundle area/resin canals area and mesophyU area/（resin canals area and vascular bundle area）, were negatively correlated with elevation and positively corre- lated with the annual mean temperature, showing some fitness feature for the populations. Needle traits were more significantly correlated with longitude than with other four environmental factors. Needle length was significantly correlated with almost all environmental factors. First four principal components accounted for 81.596 % of the variation with eigenvalues 〉1; the differences among populations were mainly dependent on needle width, stomatal density, section areas of vascular bundle, total resin canals, and mesophyll, as well as area ratio traits. Seven populations were divided into three categories by Euclidean distance. Variations in needle traits among the populations have shown systematic microevolution in terms of geographic impact on P. yunnanensis. This study would provide empirical data to characterize adaptation and genetic variation of P. yunnanensis, which would be helpful for management of genetic resources and reason- able utilization of them in future.
基金supported in part by The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC2001302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61976209)+1 种基金CAS International Collaboration Key Project(173211KYSB20190024)Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS(XDB32040000)。
文摘Structure reconstruction of 3 D anatomy from biplanar X-ray images is a challenging topic. Traditionally, the elastic-model-based method was used to reconstruct 3 D shapes by deforming the control points on the elastic mesh. However, the reconstructed shape is not smooth because the limited control points are only distributed on the edge of the elastic mesh.Alternatively, statistical-model-based methods, which include shape-model-based and intensity-model-based methods, are introduced due to their smooth reconstruction. However, both suffer from limitations. With the shape-model-based method, only the boundary profile is considered, leading to the loss of valid intensity information. For the intensity-based-method, the computation speed is slow because it needs to calculate the intensity distribution in each iteration. To address these issues, we propose a new reconstruction method using X-ray images and a specimen’s CT data. Specifically, the CT data provides both the shape mesh and the intensity model of the vertebra. Intensity model is used to generate the deformation field from X-ray images, while the shape model is used to generate the patient specific model by applying the calculated deformation field.Experiments on the public synthetic dataset and clinical dataset show that the average reconstruction errors are 1.1 mm and1.2 mm, separately. The average reconstruction time is 3 minutes.
文摘This present study was aimed to investigate the roles of the receptors of Thl/Th2 cytokines and chemokines in lhe pathogenesis of chronic idiopathic urticaria （CIU）. Thirty patients with CIU, 30 patients with dermographism and 30 healthy controls were randomly enrolled. Reverse transcription-PCR （RT-PCR） was used to analyze the mRNA of cytokine receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs）. The mRNA levels of tumor necro- sis factor receptor （TNFR）, interferon-7 receptor （IFN-yR）, and interleukin-10 receptor （IL-IOR） were statistically increased in the CIU group （P 〈 0.05）, while IL-2R, IL-4R, IL-6R, and IL-13R showed no significant differences between the CIU and other groups. The mRNA levels of CCR3 and CCR6 were statistically increased in the CIU group （P 〈 0.05）. The toll-like receptor 2 （TLR2） mRNA level was significantly lower in the CIU group than the healthy control group （P 〈 0.05）. These findings indicate that the regulation of mRNA of TNFR, IFN-γR, IL-IOR, CCR3, CCR6 and TLR2 may be involved in the pathogenesis of CIU.
基金The work was carried out in compliance with the current laws on animal welfare and research in China,and was supported by grants from the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ16C040001,LY17C030003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31500308,31971414)+1 种基金Special Founda tion fur Basic Work of the Science and technology Ministry of China(2015FY110200)Zhejiang Science and Technology Innovation Program for College Students(2019R434006).We thank Hongxing GUO,Yingchao HU,Youfu LIN,Hongze QI,Zeshuang WANG,Haohua WEI,Yankun WU and Yaofei YU for assistance during the research.
文摘The species diversity and altitudinal distribution of amphibians along an eleva tional gradient of 200-1600 m in the Xianxialing and Wuyishan Mountain Ranges in Southeastern China were investiga ted through time-constra ined visual surveys along 32 transect lines in 9 survey areas,in which the ha bitat types were also recorded.A total of 27 amphibian species belonging to 19 genera,7 families,and 2 orders were found.The species diversity of the amphibians plateaued at low elevation,and the altitudinal boundary of their distribution was at 800 m.Their species compositions were dissimilar in the two mountain ranges probably beca use the annual average temperature and annual rainfall were different in both areas.The eleva tional Rapoport's rule demonstrated that the species range size of the amphibians expanded as the elevation increased in both mountain ranges.The results of the cross species method supported the rule only when the influence of the low-frequency occurrence proba bility of an investigated species was excluded,whereas those of the Steven's method strongly corroborated the rule rega rdless of the incidental occurrence or absence of the species.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China[22021001,21875195]the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[20720190040]the Key Project of Science and Technology of Xiamen[3502Z20201013]。
文摘Poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)is a classic matrix model for solid polymer electrolyte which can not only dissociate lithium-ions(Li^(+)),but also can conduct Li^(+) through segmental motion in long-range.However,the crystal aggregation state of PEO restricts the conduction of Li^(+) especially at room temperature.In this work,an amorphous polymer electrolyte with ethylene oxide(EO)and propylene oxide(PO)block structure(B-PEG@DMC)synthesized by the transesterification is firstly obtained,showing an ionic conductivity value of 1.1×10^(5) S/cm at room temperature(25℃).According to the molecular dynamics(MD)simulation,the PO segments would lead to an inconsecutive and hampered conduction of Li^(+),which is not beneficial to the short range conduction of Li^(+).Thus the effect of transformation of aggregation state on the improveme nt of ionic conductivity is not eno ugh,it is n ecessary to further consider the differe nt coupled behaviours of EO and PO segments with Li^(+).In this way,we blend this amorphous polymer(B-PEG@DMC)with PEO to obtain a dual range ionic conductive solid polymer electrolyte(D-SPE)with further improved ionic conductivity promoted by constructing a dual range fast ionic conduction,which eventually shows a further improved ionic conductivity value of 2.3×10^(5) S/cm at room temperature.
文摘In this paper, a calculation model for the breakdown time delay and jitter of gas switches under hundred-nanosecond pulses is proposed and applied in a self-triggered pre-ionized switch. The effects of injection time of pre-ionization, pulse rise time, and the pre-ionization jitter are discussed and verified through experiments. It indicates that the pre-ionization should be injected when the electric field is high enough in the gap, injection after 80% peak-time can ensure its effectiveness.Then the statistical time delay jitter will be determined by the pre-ionization jitter, which is an intrinsic restriction of the self-triggered switch. However, when the changing rate of the pulsed electric field exceeds a certain value, the breakdown time delay jitter can be partly offset in the formative stage because the formative time delay has an exponential relationship with the electric field. Therefore, lower time jitter can be obtained under pulses with a shorter pulse rise time. In general, the results of the calculation model agree with the experimental results, and the experimental parameters which lead to a low jitter can also be used as a reference.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81160249, 81301886 and 81760525)Science Foundation of Peking University Cancer Hospital (No. 2017 Zizhu-1)+4 种基金Open Project funded by Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational ResearchMinistry of Education/Beijing (2017 Open Project-3)Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission (No. Z171100001017136)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 7171001)West China First-Class Discipline Construction Project in Basic Medicine funded by Ningxia Medical University
文摘Objective： This study aimed to comprehensively assess Epstein-Barr virus（EBV）-induced methylation alterations of B cell across whole genome.Methods： We compared DNA methylation patterns of primary B cells and corresponding lymphoblastoid cell lines（LCLs） from eight participants. The genome-wide DNA methylation profiles were compared at over 850,000 genome-wide methylation sites.Results： DNA methylation analysis revealed 87,732 differentially methylated Cp G sites, representing approximately 12.41% of all sites in LCLs compared to primary B cells. The hypermethylated and hypomethylated Cp G sites were about 22.75% or 77.25%, respectively. Only 0.8% of hypomethylated sites and 4.5% of hypermethylated sites were located in Cp G islands, whereas 8.0% of hypomethylated sites and 16.3% of hypermethylated sites were located in shore（N_shore and S_shore）. Using principal component analysis of the DNA methylation profiles, primary B cells and LCLs could be accurately predicted. Gene Ontology（GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） analysis of differently methylated genes revealed that most of the top GO biological processes were related to cell activation and immune response, and some top enrichment pathways were related with activation and malignant transformation of human B cells.Conclusions： Our study demonstrated genome-wide DNA methylation variations between primary B cells and corresponding LCLs, which might yield new insight on the methylation mechanism of EBV-induced immortalization.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12074242 and 51862032)the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia(theme“Spin”No.AAAA-A-18-118020290104-2)the Government of the Russian Federation(Grant No.02.A03.21.0006)。
文摘The single crystals of Nd_(0.5)Pr_(0.5)FeO_(3)were successfully grown by optical floating zone method.Room temperature x-ray diffraction and Laue photograph declared the homogeneity and high quality of the crystal.The significant magnetic anisotropy and multiple magnetic transitions illustrate the complex magnetic structure.At high temperatures(T>66 K),it shows the typical characteristics ofΓ_(4)(G_(x),A_(y),F_(z))state.With the decrease of the temperature,it undergoes a first-order spin reorientation transition fromΓ_(4)(G_(x),A_(y),F_(z))toΓ_(2)(F_(x),C_(y),G_(z))state in the temperature window of 45-66 K under an applied magnetic field of 0.01 T.As the temperature drops to~17 K,a new magnetic interaction mechanism works,which results in a further enhancement of magnetization.The T-H phase diagram of Nd_(0.5)Pr_(0.5)FeO_(3)single crystal was finally constructed.
文摘[Objectives] The aim was to explore the best parameters for processing Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix by bean curd. [Methods] Orthogonal test( L_(16)(4~3)) was designed to investigate the optimal soaking time,decocting time and bean curd proportion for processing Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix by bean curd. The contents of monoester alkaloids and diester-alkaloids were measured as the evaluation indexes. [Results]The contents of monoester alkaloids were 0. 11%,0. 07%,0. 062% and 0. 048% respectively under the four levels of soaking time,were0. 081%,0. 066%,0. 074% and 0. 067% respectively under the four levels of decocting time,and were 0. 070%,0. 072%,0. 080% and0. 073% respectively under the four levels of bean curd proportion. The content of diester-alkaloids was all below 0. 034%. The influence intensity of the three factors on the content of monoester alkaloids ranked as soaking time > decocting time > bean curd proportion. Under any of the above conditions,the content of diester-alkaloids was below the limit of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The content of diester-alkaloids was reduced obviously with the increased use of bean curd. [Conclusions] The optimum processing conditions for Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix were A_3B_3C_2,i. e.,soaking time of 6 d,decocting time of 5 h and bean curd proportion of 25%.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060228)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2017GXNSFAA198112+5 种基金2019GXNSFAA245077)Guangxi Graduate Education Innovation Project(GJY2018116YCSW2019214YCSW2020225)Undergraduate Innovation Training Program(202010601164202010601093)。
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the photodynamic technology(PDT) of water-soluble sodium chlorophyllin extract from Spirulina and its photodynamic sterilization efficiency on Gram bacteria and photodynamic antitumor effect on rat glioma C6 cells. [Methods]The absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum of sodium chlorophyllin were measured by an ultraviolet spectrophotometer and a fluorescence spectrophotometer;the plate count method was used to investigate the photodynamic sterilization efficiency of sodium chlorophyllin on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus;and the MTT method was used to determine the photodynamic antitumor effect of sodium chlorophyllin on rat glioma cell C6. [Results] The sterilization rates of sodium chlorophyllin with the 100 J/cm^2 photodynamic treatment were 98.96% 1.284 and 100% 0 on S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. The half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50) of the sodium chlorophyllin photodynamic therapy with 5, 10 and 20 J/cm^2 on C6 were 69.9, 48.21 and 47.56 μg/ml respectively, and the dark toxicity was extremely low at 0 J/cm^2. [Conclusions]The photodynamic treatment mediated by the alcohol-extracted sodium chlorophyllin from Spirulina showed excellent inhibitory effects on bacteria and tumor cells. This study initially reveals its excellent photodynamic performance and provides a reference for its in-depth application in the field of photodynamic therapy.
