Jujube witches’broom(JWB)caused by phytoplasma has a severely negative effect on multiple metabolisms in jujube.The GST gene family in plants participates in the regulation of a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses...Jujube witches’broom(JWB)caused by phytoplasma has a severely negative effect on multiple metabolisms in jujube.The GST gene family in plants participates in the regulation of a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses.This study aims to identify and reveal the changes in the jujube GST gene family in response to phytoplasma infection.Here,70 ZjGSTs were identified in the jujube genome and divided into 8 classes.Among them,the Tau-class,including 44 genes,was the largest.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Tau-class genes were highly conserved among species,such as Arabidopsis,cotton,chickpea,and rice.Through chromosome location analysis,37.1%of genes were clustered,and 8 of 9 gene clusters were composed of Tau class members.Through RT-PCR,qRT-PCR and enzyme activity detection,the results showed that the expression of half(20/40)of the tested ZjGSTs was inhibited by phytoplasma infection in field and tissue culture conditions,and GST activity was also significantly reduced.In the resistant and susceptible varieties under phytoplasma infection,ZjGSTU49-ZjGSTU54 in the cluster IV showed opposite expression patterns,which may be due to functional divergence during evolution.Some upregulated genes(ZjGSTU45,ZjGSTU49,ZjGSTU59,and ZjGSTU70)might be involved in the process of jujube against JWB.The yeast two-hybrid results showed that all 6 Tauclass proteins tested could form homodimers or heterodimers.Overall,the comprehensive analysis of the jujube GST gene family revealed that ZjGSTs responded actively to phytoplasma infection.Furthermore,some screened genes(ZjGSTU24,ZjGSTU49-52,ZjGSTU70,and ZjDHAR10)will contribute to further functional studies of jujube-phytoplasma interactions.展开更多
The juvenile-to-adult phase change with first flowering as the indicator plays a crucial role in the lifecycle of fruit trees. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying phase change in fruit trees remain largely un...The juvenile-to-adult phase change with first flowering as the indicator plays a crucial role in the lifecycle of fruit trees. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying phase change in fruit trees remain largely unknown. Shikimic acid (ShA) pathway is a main metabolic pathway closely related to the synthesis of hormones and many important secondary metabolites participating in plant phase change. So,whether ShA regulates phase change in plants is worth clarifying. Here, the distinct morphological characteristics and the underlying mechanisms of phase change in jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), an important fruit tree native to China with nutritious fruit and outstanding tolerance abiotic stresses, were clarified. A combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis found that ShA is positively involved in jujube(Yuhong’×Xing 16’) phase change. The genes in the upstream of ShA synthesis pathway (ZjDAHPS, ZjDHQS and ZjSDH), the contents of ShA and the downstream secondary metabolites like phenols were significantly upregulated in the phase change period. Further, the treatment of spraying exogenous ShA verified that ShA at a very low concentration (60 mg·L^(-1)) can substantially speed up the phase change and flowering of jujube and other tested plants including Arabidopsis, tomato and wheat. The exogenous ShA (60 mg·L^(-1)) treatment in jujube seedlings could increase the accumulation of endogenous ShA, enhance leaf photosynthesis and the synthesis of phenols especially flavonoids and phenolic acids, and promote the expression of genes (ZjCOs, ZjNFYs and ZjPHYs) involved in flowering pathway. Basing on above results, we put forward a propose for the underlying mechanism of ShA regulating phase change, and a hypothesis that ShA could be considered a phytohormone-like substance because it is endogenous, ubiquitous, movable and highly efficient at very low concentrations. This study highlights the critical role of ShA in plant phase change and its phytohormone-like properties.展开更多
Nanoparticles(NPs)have already been widely used in catalysis,antibacterial and coating fields.Compared with the traditional toxic and harmful reducing reagents,green synthesis of NPs by using plant extracts is not onl...Nanoparticles(NPs)have already been widely used in catalysis,antibacterial and coating fields.Compared with the traditional toxic and harmful reducing reagents,green synthesis of NPs by using plant extracts is not only environmental-friendly and cost-effective but also conducive to the multi-level and efficient utilization of wild plant resources.In this study,the aqueous extracts from Sorbus pohuashanensis(SP)and Aronia melanocarpa(AM)fruits were used as the reducing and protective reagents for synthesizing Au/AgNPs,with the characteristics of originality operation and high repeatability.The SP/AM fruit extracts functionalized Au/AgNPs were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy(UV-vis),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),scanning electron microscope(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).UV-vis spectrums showed the NPs peaks verified by the presence between 400–550 nm;TEM and SEM demonstrated NPs displayed approximately spherical structures;EDS confirmed the existence of Au/Ag elements;XRD measurements confirmed that the obtained NPs showed highly crystalline structures;FTIR demonstrated the fruits extracts were adsorbed on the surface of NPs.Primary experiments indicated that SP/AM fruit extracts functionalized-NPs could be used as the reagents for removing the organic dyes efficiently;Zone of inhibition tests(ZOI)explained that NPs have slow-release antibacterial activity.展开更多
Glancing incidence x-ray fluorescence spectrometry using a single-bounce parabolic capillary is proposed for the analysis of layered samples.The divergence of the x-ray beam was 0.33 mrad.In this paper,we used this in...Glancing incidence x-ray fluorescence spectrometry using a single-bounce parabolic capillary is proposed for the analysis of layered samples.The divergence of the x-ray beam was 0.33 mrad.In this paper,we used this instrumental setup to analyze a Si single crystal and a 50 nm HfO_(2) single-layer film deposited on a Si substrate.展开更多
Scope: Circadian disorder and high-fat diet(HFD)can disturb lipid metabolism homeostasis and may promote the development of various metabolic diseases. The relationship between them is of great concern. This study aim...Scope: Circadian disorder and high-fat diet(HFD)can disturb lipid metabolism homeostasis and may promote the development of various metabolic diseases. The relationship between them is of great concern. This study aimed to explore the effects of Per1/Per2 double knockout(DKO)on hepatic lipid metabolism in mice under HFD and HFD with docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)substitution. Methods and results: Both wild type(WT)and DKO male C57BL/6 mice were fed with normal chow diet(CON), HFD, or HFD with DHA substitution(AO)for 15 weeks. At the end of the experiment, mice were sacrificed at zeitgeber time(ZT)0(7:00 am)or ZT12(7:00 pm). Pathological indicators were determined using histological and biochemical methods. Hepatic transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that DKO mice exhibited multiple dysfunctions in diurnal rhythm, drug metabolism, cell cycle, cancer pathways, and lipid metabolism. HFD had greater effects on fatty acid oxidation and cholesterol synthesis and metabolism in Per1-/-Per2-/-mice, which was improved by DHA substitution. Conclusions: Per1/Per2 played an important role in the circadian regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism, and DKO mice were more sensitive to HFD. DHA can improve circadian-related lipid metabolism disruption induced by HFD in mice.展开更多
Several theoretical models have been developed so far to predict the thermal conductivities of carbon nanotube(CNT)networks.However,these models overestimated the thermal conductivity significantly.In this paper,we cl...Several theoretical models have been developed so far to predict the thermal conductivities of carbon nanotube(CNT)networks.However,these models overestimated the thermal conductivity significantly.In this paper,we claimed that a CNT network can be considered as a contact thermal resistance network.In the contact thermal resistance network,the temperature of an individual CNT is nonuniform and the intrinsic thermal resistance of CNTs can be ignored.Compared with the previous models,the model we proposed agrees well with the experimental results of single-walled CNT networks.展开更多
In the present study, eight strains were isolated from 20 cow vagina samples and identified using phenotype, biochemical analysis, sugar fermentation tests, and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Among eight strains, only SQ...In the present study, eight strains were isolated from 20 cow vagina samples and identified using phenotype, biochemical analysis, sugar fermentation tests, and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Among eight strains, only SQ0048 was identified as Lactobacillus johnsonii based on a series of biochemical testing (including the adhesion test, catalase test, bacteriocin production test, antibacterial test, and pH value), suggesting that its biological activity was superior to the other seven strains. Furthermore, SQ0048 had the lowest pH value (4.32) and the shortest fermentation time (8 h) compared with the other strains. The adhesion rate of SQ0048 was significantly higher than that of Lactobacillus delbrueckii, with an average adhesion number of 304 ± 2.67. The hydrogen peroxide production testing in SQ0048 was positive;in addition, bacteriocin gene of SQ0048, encoding an approximately 10-kDa product, was successfully cloned, expressed, and detected using the SDS-PAGE method. Meanwhile, SQ0048 had a weak inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. However, the expression products of the bacteriocin gene of SQ0048 had a very strong inhibitory effect on S. aureus and E. coli, with inhibition zone sizes of 18 ± 0.45 mm and 15 ± 0.60 mm, respectively. These data showed that SQ0048 has excellent antibacterial properties compared with other isolated strains and is a potential probiotic candidate to improve the health of the vaginas of cows by inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms.展开更多
iASPP is an inhibitory member of the apoptosis-stimulating proteins of P53(ASPP) family. iASPP is over expressed in several malignant tumors and potentially affects cancer progression. However, the expression and pote...iASPP is an inhibitory member of the apoptosis-stimulating proteins of P53(ASPP) family. iASPP is over expressed in several malignant tumors and potentially affects cancer progression. However, the expression and potential role of iASPP in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma(OTSCC) have not been addressed. In our study, we detected iASPP expression in OTSCC by immunohistochemistry. iASPP expression is up-regulated in OTSCC tissues. Moreover, in clinical pathology specimens, we found that increased iASPP expression correlates with poor differentiation and lymph node metastasis. Using multicellular tumor spheroids(MTS) and flow cytometry, we demonstrated that iASPP down-regulation arrests OTSCC cells at the G0/G1 phase, induces OTSCC cell apoptosis and inhibits OTSCC cell proliferation. These results indicate that iASPP plays a significant role in the progression of OTSCC and may serve as a biomarker or therapeutic target for OTSCC patients.展开更多
Jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.),or Chinese date,is the most important species of Rhamnaceae,a large cosmopolitan family,and is one of the oldest cultivated fruit trees in the world.It originates from the middle and lowe...Jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.),or Chinese date,is the most important species of Rhamnaceae,a large cosmopolitan family,and is one of the oldest cultivated fruit trees in the world.It originates from the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,the‘mother river’of the Chinese people.It is distributed in at least 48 countries on all continents except Antarctica and is becoming increasingly important,especially in arid and semiarid marginal lands.Based on a systematic analysis of the unique characteristics of jujube,we suggest that it deserves to be recognized as a superfruit.We summarized historical research achievements from the past 3000 years and reviewed recent research advances since 1949 in seven fields,including genome sequencing and application,germplasm resources and systematic taxonomy,breeding and genetics,cultivation theory and techniques,pest control,postharvest physiology and techniques,and nutrition and processing.Based on the challenges facing the jujube industry,we discuss eight research aspects to be focused on in the future.展开更多
Salmonella Choleraesuis,S.Enteritidis and S.Typhimurium are the main pathogens that contaminate animal products and cause human Salmonella food poisoning.To establish the loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)me...Salmonella Choleraesuis,S.Enteritidis and S.Typhimurium are the main pathogens that contaminate animal products and cause human Salmonella food poisoning.To establish the loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)method for the rapid detection of Salmonella and 3 common Salmonella serotypes,inner and outer primer sets targeting Salmonella invE gene and 3 serotype-specific genes fliC,lygD and STM4495 were designed.The LAMP reaction conditions were optimized.The specificity of LAMP primers was identified by testing 10 different bacterial strains including S.Choleraesuis,S.Enteritidis and S.Typhimurium.Take S.Choleraesuis as example,the detection limit of LAMP assay was 1.33×10^1 CFU/mL for bacteria culture and 2.0×10^1 CFU/mL for simulated pork sample.The results show that LAMP is a rapid,sensitive and specific method for Salmonella detection and can be used for the rapid detection of Salmonella in food.展开更多
In this paper, we study the containment control problem for nonlinear second-order systems with unknown parameters and multiple stationary/dynamic leaders. The topologies that characterize the interaction among the le...In this paper, we study the containment control problem for nonlinear second-order systems with unknown parameters and multiple stationary/dynamic leaders. The topologies that characterize the interaction among the leaders and the followers are directed graphs. Necessary and sufficient criteria which guarantee the control objectives are established for both stationary leaders(regulation case) and dynamic leaders(dynamic tracking case) based protocols. The final states of all the followers are exclusively determined by the initial values of the leaders and the topology structures. In the regulation case, all the followers converge into the convex hull spanned by the leaders,while in the dynamic tracking case, not only the positions of the followers converge into the convex hull but also the velocities of the followers converge into the velocity convex hull of the leaders.Finally, all the theoretical results are illustrated by numerical simulations.展开更多
Electrolyte additives play an important role in suppressing lithium dendrites through tailoring the composition/property of the SEI,however lacking of additives can achieve high performances both in ether and carbonat...Electrolyte additives play an important role in suppressing lithium dendrites through tailoring the composition/property of the SEI,however lacking of additives can achieve high performances both in ether and carbonate electrolytes hinders further enhancement of the high voltage lithium^-metal batteries.Here,lithium perchlorate(LiClO4)has been presented as an excellent additive to meet the above requirements.An optimized chemical composition of SEI can be achieved through the formation of ionic association.Our results indicate that the LiClO4 behaves like a catalyst,which promotes LiTFSI to form a better SEI to inhibit further reaction.Superior coulombic efficiencies and cycling performances were obtained both in ether and carbonate electrolytes.This study paves a new pathway for designing bi-soluble additives for safe lithium metal batteries.展开更多
Fruit lignification is due to lignin deposition in the cell wall during cell development.However,there are few studies on the regulation of cell wall lignification and lignin biosynthesis during fruit pigmentation.In ...Fruit lignification is due to lignin deposition in the cell wall during cell development.However,there are few studies on the regulation of cell wall lignification and lignin biosynthesis during fruit pigmentation.In this study,we investigated the regulation of cell wall lignification and lignin biosynthesis during pigmentation of winter jujube.The cellulose content decreased,while the lignin content increased in the winter jujube pericarp during pigmentation.Safranin O-fast green staining showed that the cellulose content was higher in the cell wall of winter jujube prior to pigmentation,whereas the lignin in the cell wall increased after pigmentation.The thickness of the epidermal cells decreased with pericarp pigmentation.A combined metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis showed that guaiacyl-syringyl(G-S)lignin was the main lignin type in the pericarp of winter jujube,and F5H(LOC107424406)and CCR(LOC107420974)were preliminarily identified as the key genes modulating lignin biosynthesis in winter jujube.Seventeen MYB and six NAC transcription factors(TFs)with potential regulation of lignin biosynthesis were screened out based on phylogenetic analysis.Three MYB and two NAC TFs were selected as candidate genes and further studied in detail.Arabidopsis ectopic expression and winter jujube pericarp injection of the candidate genes indicated that the MYB activator(LOC107425254)and the MYB repressor(LOC107415078)control lignin biosynthesis by regulating CCR and F5H,while the NAC(LOC107435239)TF promotes F5H expression and positively regulates lignin biosynthesis.These findings revealed the lignin biosynthetic pathway and associated genes during pigmentation of winter jujube pericarp and provide a basis for further research on lignin regulation.展开更多
Dietary oils have critical influences on human health,and thermally cooking or frying modify the components and nutritional functions of oils.Palm oil was the most widely used oil in food processing industry,but its h...Dietary oils have critical influences on human health,and thermally cooking or frying modify the components and nutritional functions of oils.Palm oil was the most widely used oil in food processing industry,but its health effects remain debatable.In the current study,we aimed to compare the effects of thermally oxidized palm oil and canola oil on gut microbiota.Palm oil or canola oil were heated at 180°C for 10 h to prepare high-fat diets.Rats were fed high-fat diets for 3 months,and hematological properties,gut microflora composition and intestinal gene expression were examined.The results indicated that heated canola oil consumption elevated plasma total cholesterol and LDL-c levels compared with unheated canola oil,but heated palm oil do not had these effects;and consumption of heated palm oil significantly elevated the relative abundance of Lactobacillucs and Roseburia in gut,compared with non-heated palm oil or two canola oil groups.Moreover,intestinal expression of IL-22 was increased in heated palm oil fed animal,though ZO-1 and GPR41 were reduced.In conclusion,heating process may enhance the effects of palm oil on proliferation of probiotics Lactobacillucs,and weaken the effects of canola oil on cholesterol transport and metabolism.展开更多
The thermodynamic state and kinetic process of low-temperature deoxygenation reaction of graphene oxide(GO) have been investigated for better understanding on the reduction mechanism by using Differential Scanning Cal...The thermodynamic state and kinetic process of low-temperature deoxygenation reaction of graphene oxide(GO) have been investigated for better understanding on the reduction mechanism by using Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC), Thermogravimetry-Mass Spectrometry(TG-MS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS). It is found that the thermal reduction reaction of GO is exothermic with degassing of CO_2, CO and H_2O. Graphene is thermodynamically more stable than GO. The deoxygenation reaction of GO is kinetically controlled and the activation energy for GO is calculated to be 167 k J/mol(1.73 e V/atom).展开更多
In this paper, we reduced the governing equation describing the one-dimensional granular crystals of elastic spheres to a continuous equation by small deformation and long wave approximation. Then, the G’/G-expansion...In this paper, we reduced the governing equation describing the one-dimensional granular crystals of elastic spheres to a continuous equation by small deformation and long wave approximation. Then, the G’/G-expansion method is applied to this continuous equation, and the exact solitary wave solutions with arbitrary parameters are obtained. Compared with other papers, the solutions obtained in this paper are more extensive and contains more parameters. The simultaneous existence of exact solitary wave solutions can help us study the propagation of shock waves in one-dimensional granular crystals of elastic spheres. At the same time, it has important theoretical significance in nondestructive testing with non-linear wave.展开更多
Activation of cannabinoid receptor type 1 on presynaptic neurons is postulated to suppress neurotransmission by decreasing Ca2+ influx through high voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. However, recent studies suggest that can...Activation of cannabinoid receptor type 1 on presynaptic neurons is postulated to suppress neurotransmission by decreasing Ca2+ influx through high voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. However, recent studies suggest that cannabinoids which activate cannabinoid receptor type 1 can increase neurotransmitter release by enhancing Ca2+ influx in vitro. The aim of the present study was to investigate the modulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration by the cannabinoid receptor type 1 agonist anandamide, and its underlying mechanisms. Using whole cell voltage-clamp and calcium imaging in cultured trigeminal ganglion neurons, we found that anandamide directly caused Ca2+ influx in a dose-dependent manner, which then triggered an increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The cyclic adenosine and guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase systems, but not the protein kinase C system, were involved in the increased intracellular Ca2+concentration by anandamide. This result showed that anandamide increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration and inhibited high voltage-gated Ca2+ channels through different signal transduction pathways.展开更多
With the emergence of global environmental change issues,Land Use/Cover Change(LUCC)issues have received increasing attention.Therefore,the dynamic monitoring of LUCC has also become very important.In this paper,preli...With the emergence of global environmental change issues,Land Use/Cover Change(LUCC)issues have received increasing attention.Therefore,the dynamic monitoring of LUCC has also become very important.In this paper,preliminary exploration was made to the research progress on the dynamic monitoring technologies for LUCC as well as their advantages and disadvantages,and prediction was made to the development trend of future monitoring technology.展开更多
In this study,Qilian Mountain active source airgun signals recorded at 79 stations were obtained after stacking waveforms from July 2015 to December 2016.Based on analysis of the amplitude variation characteristics of...In this study,Qilian Mountain active source airgun signals recorded at 79 stations were obtained after stacking waveforms from July 2015 to December 2016.Based on analysis of the amplitude variation characteristics of the airgun signals,the following conclusions were drawn:along the NW-SE fault distribution direction of the Qilian Mountain area,the decrease in amplitude of airgun signals was relatively slow in relation to the epicentral distance,while the decrease in amplitude in the direction perpendicular to the fault was relatively fast.This difference may be related to the energy loss of seismic waves reflecting and scattering by the regional faults mainly distributed along the NW-SE direction,which are caused by tectonic compression of the QinghaiTibet and Alxa blocks.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program Project Funding(Grant No.2018YFD1000607)the Foundation for 100 Innovative Talents of Hebei Province(Grant No.SLRC2019031)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31772285)the Hebei Province Innovation Foundation for Postgraduates(Grant No.CXZZBS2020097)。
文摘Jujube witches’broom(JWB)caused by phytoplasma has a severely negative effect on multiple metabolisms in jujube.The GST gene family in plants participates in the regulation of a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses.This study aims to identify and reveal the changes in the jujube GST gene family in response to phytoplasma infection.Here,70 ZjGSTs were identified in the jujube genome and divided into 8 classes.Among them,the Tau-class,including 44 genes,was the largest.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Tau-class genes were highly conserved among species,such as Arabidopsis,cotton,chickpea,and rice.Through chromosome location analysis,37.1%of genes were clustered,and 8 of 9 gene clusters were composed of Tau class members.Through RT-PCR,qRT-PCR and enzyme activity detection,the results showed that the expression of half(20/40)of the tested ZjGSTs was inhibited by phytoplasma infection in field and tissue culture conditions,and GST activity was also significantly reduced.In the resistant and susceptible varieties under phytoplasma infection,ZjGSTU49-ZjGSTU54 in the cluster IV showed opposite expression patterns,which may be due to functional divergence during evolution.Some upregulated genes(ZjGSTU45,ZjGSTU49,ZjGSTU59,and ZjGSTU70)might be involved in the process of jujube against JWB.The yeast two-hybrid results showed that all 6 Tauclass proteins tested could form homodimers or heterodimers.Overall,the comprehensive analysis of the jujube GST gene family revealed that ZjGSTs responded actively to phytoplasma infection.Furthermore,some screened genes(ZjGSTU24,ZjGSTU49-52,ZjGSTU70,and ZjDHAR10)will contribute to further functional studies of jujube-phytoplasma interactions.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.31772285)the National Key R&D Program Project Funding (Grant No.2018YFD1000607)Foundation for 100 Innovative Talents of Hebei Province(Grant No.SLRC2019031)。
文摘The juvenile-to-adult phase change with first flowering as the indicator plays a crucial role in the lifecycle of fruit trees. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying phase change in fruit trees remain largely unknown. Shikimic acid (ShA) pathway is a main metabolic pathway closely related to the synthesis of hormones and many important secondary metabolites participating in plant phase change. So,whether ShA regulates phase change in plants is worth clarifying. Here, the distinct morphological characteristics and the underlying mechanisms of phase change in jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), an important fruit tree native to China with nutritious fruit and outstanding tolerance abiotic stresses, were clarified. A combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis found that ShA is positively involved in jujube(Yuhong’×Xing 16’) phase change. The genes in the upstream of ShA synthesis pathway (ZjDAHPS, ZjDHQS and ZjSDH), the contents of ShA and the downstream secondary metabolites like phenols were significantly upregulated in the phase change period. Further, the treatment of spraying exogenous ShA verified that ShA at a very low concentration (60 mg·L^(-1)) can substantially speed up the phase change and flowering of jujube and other tested plants including Arabidopsis, tomato and wheat. The exogenous ShA (60 mg·L^(-1)) treatment in jujube seedlings could increase the accumulation of endogenous ShA, enhance leaf photosynthesis and the synthesis of phenols especially flavonoids and phenolic acids, and promote the expression of genes (ZjCOs, ZjNFYs and ZjPHYs) involved in flowering pathway. Basing on above results, we put forward a propose for the underlying mechanism of ShA regulating phase change, and a hypothesis that ShA could be considered a phytohormone-like substance because it is endogenous, ubiquitous, movable and highly efficient at very low concentrations. This study highlights the critical role of ShA in plant phase change and its phytohormone-like properties.
基金support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2572020DR07)Natural Science Fund of Heilongjiang Province(LH2019B001)+1 种基金the 111 Project(B20088)Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program(Tree Genetics and Breeding Innovation Team).
文摘Nanoparticles(NPs)have already been widely used in catalysis,antibacterial and coating fields.Compared with the traditional toxic and harmful reducing reagents,green synthesis of NPs by using plant extracts is not only environmental-friendly and cost-effective but also conducive to the multi-level and efficient utilization of wild plant resources.In this study,the aqueous extracts from Sorbus pohuashanensis(SP)and Aronia melanocarpa(AM)fruits were used as the reducing and protective reagents for synthesizing Au/AgNPs,with the characteristics of originality operation and high repeatability.The SP/AM fruit extracts functionalized Au/AgNPs were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy(UV-vis),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),scanning electron microscope(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).UV-vis spectrums showed the NPs peaks verified by the presence between 400–550 nm;TEM and SEM demonstrated NPs displayed approximately spherical structures;EDS confirmed the existence of Au/Ag elements;XRD measurements confirmed that the obtained NPs showed highly crystalline structures;FTIR demonstrated the fruits extracts were adsorbed on the surface of NPs.Primary experiments indicated that SP/AM fruit extracts functionalized-NPs could be used as the reagents for removing the organic dyes efficiently;Zone of inhibition tests(ZOI)explained that NPs have slow-release antibacterial activity.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFF0701202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11875087)。
文摘Glancing incidence x-ray fluorescence spectrometry using a single-bounce parabolic capillary is proposed for the analysis of layered samples.The divergence of the x-ray beam was 0.33 mrad.In this paper,we used this instrumental setup to analyze a Si single crystal and a 50 nm HfO_(2) single-layer film deposited on a Si substrate.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271855)the ThirteenFifth Mega-Scientific Project (2017ZX10201301-003-003)+1 种基金Wuhan science and technology project (2018020402011230)the central government guides local science and technology development projects (2019ZYYD)。
文摘Scope: Circadian disorder and high-fat diet(HFD)can disturb lipid metabolism homeostasis and may promote the development of various metabolic diseases. The relationship between them is of great concern. This study aimed to explore the effects of Per1/Per2 double knockout(DKO)on hepatic lipid metabolism in mice under HFD and HFD with docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)substitution. Methods and results: Both wild type(WT)and DKO male C57BL/6 mice were fed with normal chow diet(CON), HFD, or HFD with DHA substitution(AO)for 15 weeks. At the end of the experiment, mice were sacrificed at zeitgeber time(ZT)0(7:00 am)or ZT12(7:00 pm). Pathological indicators were determined using histological and biochemical methods. Hepatic transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that DKO mice exhibited multiple dysfunctions in diurnal rhythm, drug metabolism, cell cycle, cancer pathways, and lipid metabolism. HFD had greater effects on fatty acid oxidation and cholesterol synthesis and metabolism in Per1-/-Per2-/-mice, which was improved by DHA substitution. Conclusions: Per1/Per2 played an important role in the circadian regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism, and DKO mice were more sensitive to HFD. DHA can improve circadian-related lipid metabolism disruption induced by HFD in mice.
基金Project support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52127811)Department of Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20220032)。
文摘Several theoretical models have been developed so far to predict the thermal conductivities of carbon nanotube(CNT)networks.However,these models overestimated the thermal conductivity significantly.In this paper,we claimed that a CNT network can be considered as a contact thermal resistance network.In the contact thermal resistance network,the temperature of an individual CNT is nonuniform and the intrinsic thermal resistance of CNTs can be ignored.Compared with the previous models,the model we proposed agrees well with the experimental results of single-walled CNT networks.
文摘In the present study, eight strains were isolated from 20 cow vagina samples and identified using phenotype, biochemical analysis, sugar fermentation tests, and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Among eight strains, only SQ0048 was identified as Lactobacillus johnsonii based on a series of biochemical testing (including the adhesion test, catalase test, bacteriocin production test, antibacterial test, and pH value), suggesting that its biological activity was superior to the other seven strains. Furthermore, SQ0048 had the lowest pH value (4.32) and the shortest fermentation time (8 h) compared with the other strains. The adhesion rate of SQ0048 was significantly higher than that of Lactobacillus delbrueckii, with an average adhesion number of 304 ± 2.67. The hydrogen peroxide production testing in SQ0048 was positive;in addition, bacteriocin gene of SQ0048, encoding an approximately 10-kDa product, was successfully cloned, expressed, and detected using the SDS-PAGE method. Meanwhile, SQ0048 had a weak inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. However, the expression products of the bacteriocin gene of SQ0048 had a very strong inhibitory effect on S. aureus and E. coli, with inhibition zone sizes of 18 ± 0.45 mm and 15 ± 0.60 mm, respectively. These data showed that SQ0048 has excellent antibacterial properties compared with other isolated strains and is a potential probiotic candidate to improve the health of the vaginas of cows by inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms.
基金supported by grants from the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong (2009B060700037, 2009B080701009, 2011B080701014)
文摘iASPP is an inhibitory member of the apoptosis-stimulating proteins of P53(ASPP) family. iASPP is over expressed in several malignant tumors and potentially affects cancer progression. However, the expression and potential role of iASPP in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma(OTSCC) have not been addressed. In our study, we detected iASPP expression in OTSCC by immunohistochemistry. iASPP expression is up-regulated in OTSCC tissues. Moreover, in clinical pathology specimens, we found that increased iASPP expression correlates with poor differentiation and lymph node metastasis. Using multicellular tumor spheroids(MTS) and flow cytometry, we demonstrated that iASPP down-regulation arrests OTSCC cells at the G0/G1 phase, induces OTSCC cell apoptosis and inhibits OTSCC cell proliferation. These results indicate that iASPP plays a significant role in the progression of OTSCC and may serve as a biomarker or therapeutic target for OTSCC patients.
基金supported by grants from the Significant Fund of Hebei Province Natural Science Foundation(grant number C2017204114)the National Science and Technology Support Plan of China(2019YFD1001605)the National Ten Thousand Talents Plan Leadership Project,and the Beijing Municipal Education Commission(CEFF-PXM2019_014207_000099).
文摘Jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.),or Chinese date,is the most important species of Rhamnaceae,a large cosmopolitan family,and is one of the oldest cultivated fruit trees in the world.It originates from the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,the‘mother river’of the Chinese people.It is distributed in at least 48 countries on all continents except Antarctica and is becoming increasingly important,especially in arid and semiarid marginal lands.Based on a systematic analysis of the unique characteristics of jujube,we suggest that it deserves to be recognized as a superfruit.We summarized historical research achievements from the past 3000 years and reviewed recent research advances since 1949 in seven fields,including genome sequencing and application,germplasm resources and systematic taxonomy,breeding and genetics,cultivation theory and techniques,pest control,postharvest physiology and techniques,and nutrition and processing.Based on the challenges facing the jujube industry,we discuss eight research aspects to be focused on in the future.
基金Wuhan Science and Technology Planning Project(201070934341)Wuhan Agricultural Technology Innovation Project(201120637175)Wuhan Polytechnic University Major Incubation Planning(2011z01).
文摘Salmonella Choleraesuis,S.Enteritidis and S.Typhimurium are the main pathogens that contaminate animal products and cause human Salmonella food poisoning.To establish the loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)method for the rapid detection of Salmonella and 3 common Salmonella serotypes,inner and outer primer sets targeting Salmonella invE gene and 3 serotype-specific genes fliC,lygD and STM4495 were designed.The LAMP reaction conditions were optimized.The specificity of LAMP primers was identified by testing 10 different bacterial strains including S.Choleraesuis,S.Enteritidis and S.Typhimurium.Take S.Choleraesuis as example,the detection limit of LAMP assay was 1.33×10^1 CFU/mL for bacteria culture and 2.0×10^1 CFU/mL for simulated pork sample.The results show that LAMP is a rapid,sensitive and specific method for Salmonella detection and can be used for the rapid detection of Salmonella in food.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61203354)
文摘In this paper, we study the containment control problem for nonlinear second-order systems with unknown parameters and multiple stationary/dynamic leaders. The topologies that characterize the interaction among the leaders and the followers are directed graphs. Necessary and sufficient criteria which guarantee the control objectives are established for both stationary leaders(regulation case) and dynamic leaders(dynamic tracking case) based protocols. The final states of all the followers are exclusively determined by the initial values of the leaders and the topology structures. In the regulation case, all the followers converge into the convex hull spanned by the leaders,while in the dynamic tracking case, not only the positions of the followers converge into the convex hull but also the velocities of the followers converge into the velocity convex hull of the leaders.Finally, all the theoretical results are illustrated by numerical simulations.
基金financial supports from the Foundation of National Key Laboratory(No.6142808180202),P.R.Chinathe Pre-Research Foundation(Nos.61407210406,61407210208,41421080401),P.R.China。
文摘Electrolyte additives play an important role in suppressing lithium dendrites through tailoring the composition/property of the SEI,however lacking of additives can achieve high performances both in ether and carbonate electrolytes hinders further enhancement of the high voltage lithium^-metal batteries.Here,lithium perchlorate(LiClO4)has been presented as an excellent additive to meet the above requirements.An optimized chemical composition of SEI can be achieved through the formation of ionic association.Our results indicate that the LiClO4 behaves like a catalyst,which promotes LiTFSI to form a better SEI to inhibit further reaction.Superior coulombic efficiencies and cycling performances were obtained both in ether and carbonate electrolytes.This study paves a new pathway for designing bi-soluble additives for safe lithium metal batteries.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD1001605)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2017D01 and CXGC2018E22)+4 种基金Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences introduction and training of high-level talents(1-18-078)the Science and Technology Research Project of University in Hebei Province(QN2020205)the Shandong Key Research and Development Program(2016GNC113015 and 2019GNC106061)the Shandong Agricultural Applied Technology Innovation Project(2017)he Shandong Provincial Natural Science Fund(ZR2020QC141).
文摘Fruit lignification is due to lignin deposition in the cell wall during cell development.However,there are few studies on the regulation of cell wall lignification and lignin biosynthesis during fruit pigmentation.In this study,we investigated the regulation of cell wall lignification and lignin biosynthesis during pigmentation of winter jujube.The cellulose content decreased,while the lignin content increased in the winter jujube pericarp during pigmentation.Safranin O-fast green staining showed that the cellulose content was higher in the cell wall of winter jujube prior to pigmentation,whereas the lignin in the cell wall increased after pigmentation.The thickness of the epidermal cells decreased with pericarp pigmentation.A combined metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis showed that guaiacyl-syringyl(G-S)lignin was the main lignin type in the pericarp of winter jujube,and F5H(LOC107424406)and CCR(LOC107420974)were preliminarily identified as the key genes modulating lignin biosynthesis in winter jujube.Seventeen MYB and six NAC transcription factors(TFs)with potential regulation of lignin biosynthesis were screened out based on phylogenetic analysis.Three MYB and two NAC TFs were selected as candidate genes and further studied in detail.Arabidopsis ectopic expression and winter jujube pericarp injection of the candidate genes indicated that the MYB activator(LOC107425254)and the MYB repressor(LOC107415078)control lignin biosynthesis by regulating CCR and F5H,while the NAC(LOC107435239)TF promotes F5H expression and positively regulates lignin biosynthesis.These findings revealed the lignin biosynthetic pathway and associated genes during pigmentation of winter jujube pericarp and provide a basis for further research on lignin regulation.
基金Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2017CFB275)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31271855 and 81402669)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Wuhan Polytechnic University(2019J04).
文摘Dietary oils have critical influences on human health,and thermally cooking or frying modify the components and nutritional functions of oils.Palm oil was the most widely used oil in food processing industry,but its health effects remain debatable.In the current study,we aimed to compare the effects of thermally oxidized palm oil and canola oil on gut microbiota.Palm oil or canola oil were heated at 180°C for 10 h to prepare high-fat diets.Rats were fed high-fat diets for 3 months,and hematological properties,gut microflora composition and intestinal gene expression were examined.The results indicated that heated canola oil consumption elevated plasma total cholesterol and LDL-c levels compared with unheated canola oil,but heated palm oil do not had these effects;and consumption of heated palm oil significantly elevated the relative abundance of Lactobacillucs and Roseburia in gut,compared with non-heated palm oil or two canola oil groups.Moreover,intestinal expression of IL-22 was increased in heated palm oil fed animal,though ZO-1 and GPR41 were reduced.In conclusion,heating process may enhance the effects of palm oil on proliferation of probiotics Lactobacillucs,and weaken the effects of canola oil on cholesterol transport and metabolism.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2011CB707601and 2009CB623702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51071044+3 种基金60976003and 61006011)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Pro ject(Grant No.20100481085)Jiangsu Planned Pro jects for Postdoctoral Research Funds(Grant No.1001014B)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
文摘The thermodynamic state and kinetic process of low-temperature deoxygenation reaction of graphene oxide(GO) have been investigated for better understanding on the reduction mechanism by using Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC), Thermogravimetry-Mass Spectrometry(TG-MS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS). It is found that the thermal reduction reaction of GO is exothermic with degassing of CO_2, CO and H_2O. Graphene is thermodynamically more stable than GO. The deoxygenation reaction of GO is kinetically controlled and the activation energy for GO is calculated to be 167 k J/mol(1.73 e V/atom).
文摘In this paper, we reduced the governing equation describing the one-dimensional granular crystals of elastic spheres to a continuous equation by small deformation and long wave approximation. Then, the G’/G-expansion method is applied to this continuous equation, and the exact solitary wave solutions with arbitrary parameters are obtained. Compared with other papers, the solutions obtained in this paper are more extensive and contains more parameters. The simultaneous existence of exact solitary wave solutions can help us study the propagation of shock waves in one-dimensional granular crystals of elastic spheres. At the same time, it has important theoretical significance in nondestructive testing with non-linear wave.
基金supported by NIH,grant No.GM-63577NNSF,grant No.30571537,No.30271500+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30271500,30571537 and 813702462010 National Clinical Key Disciplines Construction Grant from the Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China
文摘Activation of cannabinoid receptor type 1 on presynaptic neurons is postulated to suppress neurotransmission by decreasing Ca2+ influx through high voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. However, recent studies suggest that cannabinoids which activate cannabinoid receptor type 1 can increase neurotransmitter release by enhancing Ca2+ influx in vitro. The aim of the present study was to investigate the modulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration by the cannabinoid receptor type 1 agonist anandamide, and its underlying mechanisms. Using whole cell voltage-clamp and calcium imaging in cultured trigeminal ganglion neurons, we found that anandamide directly caused Ca2+ influx in a dose-dependent manner, which then triggered an increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The cyclic adenosine and guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase systems, but not the protein kinase C system, were involved in the increased intracellular Ca2+concentration by anandamide. This result showed that anandamide increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration and inhibited high voltage-gated Ca2+ channels through different signal transduction pathways.
文摘With the emergence of global environmental change issues,Land Use/Cover Change(LUCC)issues have received increasing attention.Therefore,the dynamic monitoring of LUCC has also become very important.In this paper,preliminary exploration was made to the research progress on the dynamic monitoring technologies for LUCC as well as their advantages and disadvantages,and prediction was made to the development trend of future monitoring technology.
基金the National Key Research and Development Project(No.2018YFC1503206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41674046).
文摘In this study,Qilian Mountain active source airgun signals recorded at 79 stations were obtained after stacking waveforms from July 2015 to December 2016.Based on analysis of the amplitude variation characteristics of the airgun signals,the following conclusions were drawn:along the NW-SE fault distribution direction of the Qilian Mountain area,the decrease in amplitude of airgun signals was relatively slow in relation to the epicentral distance,while the decrease in amplitude in the direction perpendicular to the fault was relatively fast.This difference may be related to the energy loss of seismic waves reflecting and scattering by the regional faults mainly distributed along the NW-SE direction,which are caused by tectonic compression of the QinghaiTibet and Alxa blocks.
