Artificial immune detection can be used to detect network intrusions in an adaptive approach and proper matching methods can improve the accuracy of immune detection methods.This paper proposes an artificial immune de...Artificial immune detection can be used to detect network intrusions in an adaptive approach and proper matching methods can improve the accuracy of immune detection methods.This paper proposes an artificial immune detection model for network intrusion data based on a quantitative matching method.The proposed model defines the detection process by using network data and decimal values to express features and artificial immune mechanisms are simulated to define immune elements.Then,to improve the accuracy of similarity calculation,a quantitative matching method is proposed.The model uses mathematical methods to train and evolve immune elements,increasing the diversity of immune recognition and allowing for the successful detection of unknown intrusions.The proposed model’s objective is to accurately identify known intrusions and expand the identification of unknown intrusions through signature detection and immune detection,overcoming the disadvantages of traditional methods.The experiment results show that the proposed model can detect intrusions effectively.It has a detection rate of more than 99.6%on average and a false alarm rate of 0.0264%.It outperforms existing immune intrusion detection methods in terms of comprehensive detection performance.展开更多
Background During the transition period,the insufficient dry matter intake and a sharply increased in energy consumption to produce large quantities of milk,high yielding cows would enter a negative energy balance(NEB...Background During the transition period,the insufficient dry matter intake and a sharply increased in energy consumption to produce large quantities of milk,high yielding cows would enter a negative energy balance(NEB)that causes an increase in ketone bodies(KBs)and decrease in reproduction efficiency.The excess concentrations of circulating KBs,represented byβ-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA),could lead to oxidative damage,which potentially cause injury to follicular granulosa cells(fGCs)and delayed follicular development.Sirtuin 3(Sirt3)regulates mitochondria reactive oxygen species(mitoROS)homeostasis in a beneficial manner;however,the molecular mechanisms underlying its involvement in the BHBA-induced injury of fGCs is poorly understood.The aim of this study was to explore the protection effects and underlying mechanisms of Sirt3 against BHBA overload-induced damage of fGCs.Results Our findings demonstrated that 2.4 mmol/L of BHBA stress increased the levels of mitoROS in bovine fGCs.Further investigations identified the subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction,including an increased abnormal rate of mitochondrial architecture,mitochondrial permeability transition pore(MPTP)opening,reductions in mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)and Ca^(2+)release;these dysfunctions then triggered the caspase cascade reaction of apoptosis in fGCs.Notably,the overexpression of Sirt3 prior to treatment enhanced mitochondrial autophagy by increasing the expression levels of Beclin-1,thus preventing BHBA-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in fGCs.Furthermore,our data suggested that the AMPK-mTOR-Beclin-1 pathway may be involved in the protective mechanism of Sirt3 against cellular injury triggered by BHBA stimulation.Conclusions These findings indicate that Sirt3 protects fGCs from BHBA-triggered injury by enhancing autophagy,attenuating oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage.This study provides new strategies to mitigate the fGCs injury caused by excessive BHBA stress in dairy cows with ketosis.展开更多
The structural behavior of mechanically lined pipes(MLPs) during the spooling-on phase is investigated in this paper, motivated by their promising offshore applications relying on reel installation. By applying quasi ...The structural behavior of mechanically lined pipes(MLPs) during the spooling-on phase is investigated in this paper, motivated by their promising offshore applications relying on reel installation. By applying quasi 2D models, we first investigated the gripping stresses preserved in the MLP after the hydraulic expansion manufacturing process and the detachment of the liner under spooling-on curvatures.Furthermore, a comparative 3D finite element(FE) analysis for the liner wrinkling behaviors of MLP with different wall thicknesses of outer layers was performed and indicated that when the wall thickness of outer layer increases from 14.3 mm to 17.9 mm, MLP's critical spooling-on curvature increased more than47%, reaching 0.1432 rad/m.展开更多
As the key component of wireless data transmission and powering,stretchable antennas play an indispensable role in flexible/stretchable electronics.However,they often suffer from frequency detuning upon mechanical def...As the key component of wireless data transmission and powering,stretchable antennas play an indispensable role in flexible/stretchable electronics.However,they often suffer from frequency detuning upon mechanical deformations;thus,their applications are limited to wireless sensing with wireless transmission capabilities remaining elusive.Here,a hierarchically structured stretchable microstrip antenna with meshed patterns arranged in an arched shape showcases tunable resonance frequency upon deformations with improved overall stretchability.The almost unchanged resonance frequency during deformations enables robust on-body wireless communication and RF energy harvesting,whereas the rapid changing resonance frequency with deformations allows for wireless sensing.The proposed stretchable microstrip antenna was demonstrated to communicate wirelessly with a transmitter(input power of−3 dBm)efficiently(i.e.,the receiving power higher than−100 dBm over a distance of 100 m)on human bodies even upon 25%stretching.The flexibility in structural engineering combined with the coupled mechanical-electromagnetic simulations,provides a versatile engineering toolkit to design stretchable microstrip antennas and other potential wireless devices for stretchable electronics.展开更多
Purpose: To evaluate planning quality and dosimetric differences of clinically deliverable 3D conformal plans generated from Tomotherapy with TomoDirectTM (TD) and conventional field-in-field approach in prone breast ...Purpose: To evaluate planning quality and dosimetric differences of clinically deliverable 3D conformal plans generated from Tomotherapy with TomoDirectTM (TD) and conventional field-in-field approach in prone breast treatment. Materials and methods: Total of twelve randomly selected early stage left breast patients who went through lumpectomy and were previously treated on traditional Linear Accelerator (LINAC) have been re-planned and tested on Tomotherapy TomoDirect module. Baseline prescription dose was chosen at 50.4 Gy (1.8 Gy × 28 fractions) to cover ≥95% of PTV for planning criteria with other critical structure dose constraints in the thoracic region. Planning outcomes such as D95 (95% of volume of PTV receiving the prescribed dose), D5 and D1, heart, both lungs as well as the contralateral breast were simultaneously evaluated. Conformity of the prescription isodose/volume to PTV was evaluated as conformity index (CI) and dose uniformity was also evaluated with homogeneity index (HI) in the same study series. All outcome parameters were analyzed and summarized to evaluate dosimetric impact of planning qualities between these two planning platforms. Results: The planning results indicate that CI, HI, D95, D5 and D1 of PTV, critical structures such as heart, ipsilateral and contralateral lungs as well as contralateral breast doses were comparable but with better overall statistical end points from TD plans. The D95, D5 and D1 of PTV for TD plans were superior in dosimetric analysis and more uniform than those plans generated from PinnacleTM field-in-field planning technique. Overall, TD plans have superior planning quality than the conventional method does, with straightforward and automated planning process once the beam delivery parameters were established. Conclusions: From the clinical treatment planning results, plans from TD in general achieved better uniform tumor coverage with fewer hot spots while sparing more critical structures were based upon isodose distribution and Dose Volume Histogram (DVH) analysis. Image guidance of TD delivery automates the setup within the treatment bore without tedious verification process compared to the process with LINAC. Though all plans are deliverable, TD planning possesses dosimetric advantages due to its modulated optimization pattern. However, TD did present a challenge during the simulation if a patient is oversized with long pendulant breast which is hard to fit into the Tomotherapy ring structure. From our analysis, TD plans reserve superior dosimetric outcome with CI, HI, D95, D5, and D1 of PTV, and better sparing contralateral lung and breast doses.展开更多
Developing highly efficient and stable non-precious metal catalysts for water splitting is urgently required.In this work,we report a facile one-step molten salt method for the preparation of self-supporting Ni-doped ...Developing highly efficient and stable non-precious metal catalysts for water splitting is urgently required.In this work,we report a facile one-step molten salt method for the preparation of self-supporting Ni-doped Mo_(2)C on carbon fiber paper(Ni–Mo_(2)CCB/CFP)for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).The effects of nickel nitrate concentration on the phase composition,morphology,and electrocatalytic HER performance of Ni-doped Mo_(2)C@CFP electrocatalysts was investigated.With the continuous increase of Ni(NO_(3))_(2)concentration,the morphology of Mo_(2)C gradually changes from granular to flower-like,providing larger specific surface area and more active sites.Doping nickel(Ni)into the crystal lattice of Mo_(2)C largely reduces the impedance of the electrocatalysts and enhances their electrocatalytic activity.The as-developed Mo_(2)C–3 M Ni(NO_(3))_(2)/CFP electrocatalyst exhibits high catalytic activity with a small overpotential of 56 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2).This catalyst has a fast HER kinetics,as demonstrated by a very small Tafel slope of 27.4 mV·dec^(-1),and persistent long-term stability.A further higher Ni concentration had an adverse effect on the electrocatalytic performance.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations further verified the experimental results.Ni doping could reduce the binding energy of Mo–H,facilitating the desorption of the adsorbed hydrogen(Hads)on the surface,thereby improving the intrinsic catalytic activity of Ni-doped Mo_(2)C-based catalysts.Nevertheless,excessive Ni doping would inhibit the catalytic activity of the electrocatalysts.This work not only provides a simple strategy for the facile preparation of non-precious metal electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity,but also unveils the influence mechanism of the Ni doping concentration on the HER performance of the electrocatalysts from the theoretical perspective.展开更多
N-containing Ce_(2)Si_(2.5)Al_(0.5)O_(3.5)N_(3.5)(CeSiAlON) melilite was synthesized at 1550 and 1600℃ for 5 h from CeO_(2),Si,Al,and Al_(2)O_(3) in nitrogen by using Y_(2)O_(3) and transition-metal nitrates(Co(NO_(3...N-containing Ce_(2)Si_(2.5)Al_(0.5)O_(3.5)N_(3.5)(CeSiAlON) melilite was synthesized at 1550 and 1600℃ for 5 h from CeO_(2),Si,Al,and Al_(2)O_(3) in nitrogen by using Y_(2)O_(3) and transition-metal nitrates(Co(NO_(3))_(2)·6 H_(2) O and Ni(NO_(3))_(2)·6 H_(2)O) as additives.The effects of Y_(2)O_(3) and transition-metal nitrates on the phase,microstructures and photoluminescence properties of CeSiAlON melilite were studied.The incorporation of Y_(2)O_(3) can promote the reaction of raw materials to a low degree,and results in a unit cell shrinkage of CeSiAlON due to the smaller radius of Y atom than that of Ce atom.The transition-metal nitrates can accelerate the reaction clearly and facilitate the formation of CeSiAlON fibers.The photoluminescence(PL) properties of CeSiAlON melilite presents a board violet emission band because of the 5 d-4 f transitions of Ce^(3+),and the additives can enhance the PL emission intensities of specimen significantly.展开更多
An accurate prediction of ship fuel consumption is critical for speed,trim,and voyage optimisation etc.While previous studies have focused on predicting ship fuel consumption with respect to a variety of factors,resea...An accurate prediction of ship fuel consumption is critical for speed,trim,and voyage optimisation etc.While previous studies have focused on predicting ship fuel consumption with respect to a variety of factors,research on the impact of environmental factors on fuel consumption has been lacking.In addition,although recent research efforts have widely focused on machine learning methods to predict fuel consumption,studies on hyperparameter values that are suitable for these prediction models are limited.To compensate for this deficiency in existing literature,an adaptive hyperparameter tuning method is proposed,and the effects of maritime environmental factors on fuel consumption are taken into account.Through experimentation,the proposed adaptive hyperparameter tuning method was validated via artificial neural network(ANN),support vector regression(SVR),random forest(RF),and least absolute shrink-age and selection operator(Lasso).The hyperparameter tuning proportionally increased the amplitudes of the coefficients of determination(R 2)of these algorithms.The increase of the amplitude demonstrated the following trend,in the order of the largest increase to the lowest increase:ANN,Lasso,SVM,and RF.The rates of increase were between 0.0773%and 2.1653%.Furthermore,after the environmental factors were considered,the prediction accuracies of the ANN and Lasso increased;however,the opposite was observed for the SVR and RF.As such,we confirmed that the use of Bayesian optimisation for hyper-parameter tuning can effectively improve the fuel consumption prediction accuracy,and our proposed model can therefore serve as a significant reference for calculating fuel consumption.展开更多
基金This research was funded by the Scientific Research Project of Leshan Normal University(No.2022SSDX002)the Scientific Plan Project of Leshan(No.22NZD012).
文摘Artificial immune detection can be used to detect network intrusions in an adaptive approach and proper matching methods can improve the accuracy of immune detection methods.This paper proposes an artificial immune detection model for network intrusion data based on a quantitative matching method.The proposed model defines the detection process by using network data and decimal values to express features and artificial immune mechanisms are simulated to define immune elements.Then,to improve the accuracy of similarity calculation,a quantitative matching method is proposed.The model uses mathematical methods to train and evolve immune elements,increasing the diversity of immune recognition and allowing for the successful detection of unknown intrusions.The proposed model’s objective is to accurately identify known intrusions and expand the identification of unknown intrusions through signature detection and immune detection,overcoming the disadvantages of traditional methods.The experiment results show that the proposed model can detect intrusions effectively.It has a detection rate of more than 99.6%on average and a false alarm rate of 0.0264%.It outperforms existing immune intrusion detection methods in terms of comprehensive detection performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32102549)the National Key R&D Program of Ningxia(2021BEF02023)+2 种基金the earmarked fund for CARS(CARS-36)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP-IAS06)the National Key R&D Program of Gansu(21YF5NJ196)。
文摘Background During the transition period,the insufficient dry matter intake and a sharply increased in energy consumption to produce large quantities of milk,high yielding cows would enter a negative energy balance(NEB)that causes an increase in ketone bodies(KBs)and decrease in reproduction efficiency.The excess concentrations of circulating KBs,represented byβ-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA),could lead to oxidative damage,which potentially cause injury to follicular granulosa cells(fGCs)and delayed follicular development.Sirtuin 3(Sirt3)regulates mitochondria reactive oxygen species(mitoROS)homeostasis in a beneficial manner;however,the molecular mechanisms underlying its involvement in the BHBA-induced injury of fGCs is poorly understood.The aim of this study was to explore the protection effects and underlying mechanisms of Sirt3 against BHBA overload-induced damage of fGCs.Results Our findings demonstrated that 2.4 mmol/L of BHBA stress increased the levels of mitoROS in bovine fGCs.Further investigations identified the subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction,including an increased abnormal rate of mitochondrial architecture,mitochondrial permeability transition pore(MPTP)opening,reductions in mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)and Ca^(2+)release;these dysfunctions then triggered the caspase cascade reaction of apoptosis in fGCs.Notably,the overexpression of Sirt3 prior to treatment enhanced mitochondrial autophagy by increasing the expression levels of Beclin-1,thus preventing BHBA-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in fGCs.Furthermore,our data suggested that the AMPK-mTOR-Beclin-1 pathway may be involved in the protective mechanism of Sirt3 against cellular injury triggered by BHBA stimulation.Conclusions These findings indicate that Sirt3 protects fGCs from BHBA-triggered injury by enhancing autophagy,attenuating oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage.This study provides new strategies to mitigate the fGCs injury caused by excessive BHBA stress in dairy cows with ketosis.
基金supported by the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing (2462015YQ0415)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20120007120002)
文摘The structural behavior of mechanically lined pipes(MLPs) during the spooling-on phase is investigated in this paper, motivated by their promising offshore applications relying on reel installation. By applying quasi 2D models, we first investigated the gripping stresses preserved in the MLP after the hydraulic expansion manufacturing process and the detachment of the liner under spooling-on curvatures.Furthermore, a comparative 3D finite element(FE) analysis for the liner wrinkling behaviors of MLP with different wall thicknesses of outer layers was performed and indicated that when the wall thickness of outer layer increases from 14.3 mm to 17.9 mm, MLP's critical spooling-on curvature increased more than47%, reaching 0.1432 rad/m.
基金This work was in part supported by the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Science(Grant No.154232KYSB20200016)the Suzhou Science and Technology Support Project(Grant No.SYG201905)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFC2007400)H.C.acknowledges the supports provided by the National Science Foundation(NSF)(Grant No.ECCS-1933072)the National Heart,Lung,And Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R61HL154215,and Penn State University.The partial support from the Center for Biodevices,the College of Engineering,and the Center for Security Research and Education at Penn State is also acknowledged.
文摘As the key component of wireless data transmission and powering,stretchable antennas play an indispensable role in flexible/stretchable electronics.However,they often suffer from frequency detuning upon mechanical deformations;thus,their applications are limited to wireless sensing with wireless transmission capabilities remaining elusive.Here,a hierarchically structured stretchable microstrip antenna with meshed patterns arranged in an arched shape showcases tunable resonance frequency upon deformations with improved overall stretchability.The almost unchanged resonance frequency during deformations enables robust on-body wireless communication and RF energy harvesting,whereas the rapid changing resonance frequency with deformations allows for wireless sensing.The proposed stretchable microstrip antenna was demonstrated to communicate wirelessly with a transmitter(input power of−3 dBm)efficiently(i.e.,the receiving power higher than−100 dBm over a distance of 100 m)on human bodies even upon 25%stretching.The flexibility in structural engineering combined with the coupled mechanical-electromagnetic simulations,provides a versatile engineering toolkit to design stretchable microstrip antennas and other potential wireless devices for stretchable electronics.
文摘Purpose: To evaluate planning quality and dosimetric differences of clinically deliverable 3D conformal plans generated from Tomotherapy with TomoDirectTM (TD) and conventional field-in-field approach in prone breast treatment. Materials and methods: Total of twelve randomly selected early stage left breast patients who went through lumpectomy and were previously treated on traditional Linear Accelerator (LINAC) have been re-planned and tested on Tomotherapy TomoDirect module. Baseline prescription dose was chosen at 50.4 Gy (1.8 Gy × 28 fractions) to cover ≥95% of PTV for planning criteria with other critical structure dose constraints in the thoracic region. Planning outcomes such as D95 (95% of volume of PTV receiving the prescribed dose), D5 and D1, heart, both lungs as well as the contralateral breast were simultaneously evaluated. Conformity of the prescription isodose/volume to PTV was evaluated as conformity index (CI) and dose uniformity was also evaluated with homogeneity index (HI) in the same study series. All outcome parameters were analyzed and summarized to evaluate dosimetric impact of planning qualities between these two planning platforms. Results: The planning results indicate that CI, HI, D95, D5 and D1 of PTV, critical structures such as heart, ipsilateral and contralateral lungs as well as contralateral breast doses were comparable but with better overall statistical end points from TD plans. The D95, D5 and D1 of PTV for TD plans were superior in dosimetric analysis and more uniform than those plans generated from PinnacleTM field-in-field planning technique. Overall, TD plans have superior planning quality than the conventional method does, with straightforward and automated planning process once the beam delivery parameters were established. Conclusions: From the clinical treatment planning results, plans from TD in general achieved better uniform tumor coverage with fewer hot spots while sparing more critical structures were based upon isodose distribution and Dose Volume Histogram (DVH) analysis. Image guidance of TD delivery automates the setup within the treatment bore without tedious verification process compared to the process with LINAC. Though all plans are deliverable, TD planning possesses dosimetric advantages due to its modulated optimization pattern. However, TD did present a challenge during the simulation if a patient is oversized with long pendulant breast which is hard to fit into the Tomotherapy ring structure. From our analysis, TD plans reserve superior dosimetric outcome with CI, HI, D95, D5, and D1 of PTV, and better sparing contralateral lung and breast doses.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51862024,51772140,and 51962023)Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.20203BBE53066).
文摘Developing highly efficient and stable non-precious metal catalysts for water splitting is urgently required.In this work,we report a facile one-step molten salt method for the preparation of self-supporting Ni-doped Mo_(2)C on carbon fiber paper(Ni–Mo_(2)CCB/CFP)for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).The effects of nickel nitrate concentration on the phase composition,morphology,and electrocatalytic HER performance of Ni-doped Mo_(2)C@CFP electrocatalysts was investigated.With the continuous increase of Ni(NO_(3))_(2)concentration,the morphology of Mo_(2)C gradually changes from granular to flower-like,providing larger specific surface area and more active sites.Doping nickel(Ni)into the crystal lattice of Mo_(2)C largely reduces the impedance of the electrocatalysts and enhances their electrocatalytic activity.The as-developed Mo_(2)C–3 M Ni(NO_(3))_(2)/CFP electrocatalyst exhibits high catalytic activity with a small overpotential of 56 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2).This catalyst has a fast HER kinetics,as demonstrated by a very small Tafel slope of 27.4 mV·dec^(-1),and persistent long-term stability.A further higher Ni concentration had an adverse effect on the electrocatalytic performance.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations further verified the experimental results.Ni doping could reduce the binding energy of Mo–H,facilitating the desorption of the adsorbed hydrogen(Hads)on the surface,thereby improving the intrinsic catalytic activity of Ni-doped Mo_(2)C-based catalysts.Nevertheless,excessive Ni doping would inhibit the catalytic activity of the electrocatalysts.This work not only provides a simple strategy for the facile preparation of non-precious metal electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity,but also unveils the influence mechanism of the Ni doping concentration on the HER performance of the electrocatalysts from the theoretical perspective.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51862024,51772140,51962023)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (20171ACB21033,20192ACBL21047)。
文摘N-containing Ce_(2)Si_(2.5)Al_(0.5)O_(3.5)N_(3.5)(CeSiAlON) melilite was synthesized at 1550 and 1600℃ for 5 h from CeO_(2),Si,Al,and Al_(2)O_(3) in nitrogen by using Y_(2)O_(3) and transition-metal nitrates(Co(NO_(3))_(2)·6 H_(2) O and Ni(NO_(3))_(2)·6 H_(2)O) as additives.The effects of Y_(2)O_(3) and transition-metal nitrates on the phase,microstructures and photoluminescence properties of CeSiAlON melilite were studied.The incorporation of Y_(2)O_(3) can promote the reaction of raw materials to a low degree,and results in a unit cell shrinkage of CeSiAlON due to the smaller radius of Y atom than that of Ce atom.The transition-metal nitrates can accelerate the reaction clearly and facilitate the formation of CeSiAlON fibers.The photoluminescence(PL) properties of CeSiAlON melilite presents a board violet emission band because of the 5 d-4 f transitions of Ce^(3+),and the additives can enhance the PL emission intensities of specimen significantly.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the support of COSCO,Shanghai Maritime University.This research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.52001134)Major Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(Grant no.18DZ1206300).
文摘An accurate prediction of ship fuel consumption is critical for speed,trim,and voyage optimisation etc.While previous studies have focused on predicting ship fuel consumption with respect to a variety of factors,research on the impact of environmental factors on fuel consumption has been lacking.In addition,although recent research efforts have widely focused on machine learning methods to predict fuel consumption,studies on hyperparameter values that are suitable for these prediction models are limited.To compensate for this deficiency in existing literature,an adaptive hyperparameter tuning method is proposed,and the effects of maritime environmental factors on fuel consumption are taken into account.Through experimentation,the proposed adaptive hyperparameter tuning method was validated via artificial neural network(ANN),support vector regression(SVR),random forest(RF),and least absolute shrink-age and selection operator(Lasso).The hyperparameter tuning proportionally increased the amplitudes of the coefficients of determination(R 2)of these algorithms.The increase of the amplitude demonstrated the following trend,in the order of the largest increase to the lowest increase:ANN,Lasso,SVM,and RF.The rates of increase were between 0.0773%and 2.1653%.Furthermore,after the environmental factors were considered,the prediction accuracies of the ANN and Lasso increased;however,the opposite was observed for the SVR and RF.As such,we confirmed that the use of Bayesian optimisation for hyper-parameter tuning can effectively improve the fuel consumption prediction accuracy,and our proposed model can therefore serve as a significant reference for calculating fuel consumption.
