2,5-Dicyanofuran(DCF)is an important biomass-derived platform compound primarily used to prepare bio-based adiponitrile,which is the key precursor for the synthesis of nylon 66 and 1,6-hexanediisocyanate(HDI).In this ...2,5-Dicyanofuran(DCF)is an important biomass-derived platform compound primarily used to prepare bio-based adiponitrile,which is the key precursor for the synthesis of nylon 66 and 1,6-hexanediisocyanate(HDI).In this study,one-pot,green and safe synthesis of DCF from 2,5-diformylfuran(DFF)and hydroxylamine ionic liquid salts was proposed.Eco-friendly hydroxylamine ionic liquid salts were used as the nitrogen source.Ionic liquid exhibited three-fold function of cosolvent,catalysis and phase separation.The conversion of DFF and yield of DCF reached 100%under the following optimum reaction conditions:temperature of 120℃ for 70 min,volume ratio of paraxylene:[HSO_(3)-b-Py]HSO4 of 2:1,and molar ratio of DFF:(NH_(2)OH)_(2)[HSO_(3)-b-Py]HSO4 of 1:1.5.The reaction mechanism for the synthesis of DCF was proposed,and the kinetic model was established.The reaction order with respect to DFF and intermediate product 2,5-diformylfuran dioxime(DFFD)was 1.06 and 0.16,and the reaction activation energy was 64.07 kJ·mol^(-1) and 59.37 kJ·mol^(-1) respectively.After the reaction,the ionic liquid was easy to separate,recover and recycle.展开更多
Noise is one of the key issues in the operation of high-speed railways, with sound source localisation and its transfer path as the two major aspects. This study investigates both the exterior and interior sound sourc...Noise is one of the key issues in the operation of high-speed railways, with sound source localisation and its transfer path as the two major aspects. This study investigates both the exterior and interior sound source distribution of a high-speed train and presents a method for performing the contribution analysis of airborne sound with regard to the interior noise. First, both exterior and interior sound source locations of the high-speed train are identified through in-situ measurements. Second, the sound source contribution for di erent regions of the train and the relationships between the exterior and interior noises are analysed. Third, a method for conducting the contribution analysis of airborne sound with regard to the interior noise of the high-speed train is described. Lastly, a case study on the sidewall area is carried out, and the contribution of airborne sound to the interior noise of this area is obtained. The results show that, when the high-speed train runs at 310 km/h, dominant exterior sound sources are located in the bogie and pantograph regions, while main interior sound sources are located at the sidewall and roof. The interior noise, the bogie area noise and the sound source at the middle of the coach exhibit very similar rates of increase with increasing train speed. For the selected sidewall area, structure-borne sound dominates in most of the 1/3 octave bands.展开更多
Using microbial fermentation to increase the content of free amino acids and short peptides in the organic fertilizer for castor bean meal can effectively promote plant growth and improve fruit quality.Using free amin...Using microbial fermentation to increase the content of free amino acids and short peptides in the organic fertilizer for castor bean meal can effectively promote plant growth and improve fruit quality.Using free amino acid and short peptide content as an indicator,through single factor and response surface optimization experiments,the process parameters(moisture content,fermentation time and inoculum quantity)of castor meal solid-state fermentation were optimized.The best process parameters for the solid-state fermentation were:the moisture content 62%,the fermentation time 20 d,and the inoculum quantity 0.23%.The moisture content had the greatest impact on the conversion rate of free amino acids and short peptides,and the protein conversion rate reached 65.6%.The scale-up experiment under the optimal conditions showed that the solid-state fermentation using the inoculum had a significant beneficial effect compared with other fermentation methods.The fermentation of castor cake fertilizer provides a theoretical and practical basis for production feasibility,and has important guiding significance for the effective utilization of castor bean meal.展开更多
This study aims to investigate the effect of the impact mechanism of climate change on the livestock production at small watershed level and county level with the Multi-level Model(MLM)in Qinghai Province.The result i...This study aims to investigate the effect of the impact mechanism of climate change on the livestock production at small watershed level and county level with the Multi-level Model(MLM)in Qinghai Province.The result indicated that the gross livestock output value was greatly influenced by the climatic factors of the small watershed level.Higher temperature promoted also by the increase of precipitation,relative humidity and sunshine duration was found to be beneficial to the development of livestock production,except in some areas where temperature rise restrained the development of local livestock production to some degree when exceeding a certain level;besides,the impact of the socioeconomic factors on the livestock output value is obvious at the county level.The gross economic output measured with GDP has some inhibitory effects on the reinvestment of livestock production,while population growth promotes development of livestock production to some degree.The results not only provide scientific basis for the management of livestock production in Qinghai Province,but also provide reference for formulating the policies and adaptation measures targeted at climate change to promote the sustainable development of livestock production in other regions.展开更多
Solution and quenching heat treatments are generally carried out in a roller hearth furnace for large-scale thick aluminum alloy plates.However,the asymmetric or uneven spray water flow rate is inevitable under indust...Solution and quenching heat treatments are generally carried out in a roller hearth furnace for large-scale thick aluminum alloy plates.However,the asymmetric or uneven spray water flow rate is inevitable under industrial production conditions,which leads to an asymmetric residual stress distribution.The spray quenching treatment was conducted on self-designed spray equipment,and the residual stress along the thickness direction was measured by a layer removal method based on deflections.Under the asymmetric spray quenching condition,the subsurface stress of the high-flow rate surface was lower than that of the low-flow rate surface,and the difference between the two subsurface stresses increased with the increase in the difference in water flow rates.The subsurface stress underneath the surface with a water flow rate of 0.60 m^(3)/h was 15.38 MPa less than that of 0.15 m^(3)/h.The simulated residual stress by finite element(FE)method of the high heat transfer coefficient(HTC)surface was less than that of the low HTC surface,which is consistent with the experimental results.The FE model can be used to analyze the strain and stress evolution and predict the quenched stress magnitude and distribution.展开更多
Synthesis pressure and structural stability are two crucial factors for highly energetic materials,and recent investigations have indicated that cerium is an efficient catalyst for N2 reduction reactions.Here,we syste...Synthesis pressure and structural stability are two crucial factors for highly energetic materials,and recent investigations have indicated that cerium is an efficient catalyst for N2 reduction reactions.Here,we systematically explore Ce–N compounds through first-principles calculations,demonstrating that the cerium atom can weaken the strength of the N≡N bond and that a rich variety of cerium polynitrides can be formed under moderate pressure.Significantly,P1-CeN_(6) possesses the lowest synthesis pressure of 32 GPa among layered metal polynitrides owing to the strong ligand effect of cerium.The layered structure of P1-CeN_(6) proposed here consists of novel N_(14) ring.To clarify the formation mechanism of P1-CeN_(6),the reaction path Ce+3N2→trans-CeN_(6)→P1-CeN_(6) is proposed.In addition,P1-CeN_(6) possesses high hardness(20.73 GPa)and can be quenched to ambient conditions.Charge transfer between cerium atoms and N_(14) rings plays a crucial role in structural stability.Furthermore,the volumetric energy density(11.20 kJ/cm^(3))of P1-CeN_(6) is much larger than that of TNT(7.05 kJ/cm^(3)),and its detonation pressure(128.95 GPa)and detonation velocity(13.60 km/s)are respectively about seven times and twice those of TNT,and it is therefore a promising high-energy-density material.展开更多
A gas-kinetic numerical method for directlysolving the mesoscopic velocity distribution functionequation is presented and applied to the study ofthree-dimensional complex flows and micro-channelflows covering various ...A gas-kinetic numerical method for directlysolving the mesoscopic velocity distribution functionequation is presented and applied to the study ofthree-dimensional complex flows and micro-channelflows covering various flow regimes.The unified velo-city distribution function equation describing gas trans-port phenomena from rarefied transition to continuumflow regimes can be presented on the basis of the kineticBoltzmann-Shakhov model equation.The gas-kineticfinite-difference schemes for the velocity distributionfunction are constructed by developing a discrete velo-city ordinate method of gas kinetic theory and an uns-teady time-splitting technique from computational fluiddynamics.Gas-kinetic boundary conditions and nume-rical modeling can be established by directly manipu-lating on the mesoscopic velocity distribution function.A new Gauss-type discrete velocity numerical integra-tion method can be developed and adopted to attackcomplex flows with different Mach numbers.HPF paral-lel strategy suitable for the gas-kinetic numerical methodis investigated and adopted to solve three-dimensionalcomplex problems.High Mach number flows aroundthree-dimensional bodies are computed preliminarily with massive scale parallel.It is noteworthy and ofpractical importance that the HPF parallel algorithmfor solving three-dimensional complex problems canbe effectively developed to cover various flow regimes.On the other hand,the gas-kinetic numerical methodis extended and used to study micro-channel gas flowsincluding the classical Couette flow,the Poiseuille-channel flow and pressure-driven gas flows in two-dimensional short micro-channels.The numericalexperience shows that the gas-kinetic algorithm may bea powerful tool in the numerical simulation of micro-scale gas flows occuring in the Micro-Electro-MechanicalSystem (MEMS).展开更多
Human wellness is the ultimate goal of our efforts in improving the human life.Special foods are undoubtedly important in achieving human wellness.However,overeating significantly leads to obesity and diabetes.These c...Human wellness is the ultimate goal of our efforts in improving the human life.Special foods are undoubtedly important in achieving human wellness.However,overeating significantly leads to obesity and diabetes.These chronic diseases will in turn affect the human wellness.Therefore,“dietary restriction and proper exercise”were introduced in the human daily life.Different foods cause various effects on the human health.The diversification of diet is a priority for nutritionists to keep our body healthy.To avoid diabetes mellitus,special foods for ketogenic diet,low-carbon diet,and low-calorie intake are also gradually attracting attention.In addition,the hypothesis that“hunger sensation comes from gut flora”brings new light to the research on the biological motivation for humans to eat food.This hypothesis has been gradually demonstrated using the flexible fasting technology by providing special foods,such as plant polysaccharides and dietary fibers.The response to food-needing signals from the gut flora to these foods demonstrates the importance of the gut flora in improving human wellness.The gut flora is probably an essential factor for translating the food-eating signals and converting the nutrition to our body.Therefore,“gut flora priority principle”is developed to guarantee human wellness.The 16S rRNA sequencing and mass spectrometric techniques can be used to identify the gut flora,which may guide us to a new era of human wellness based on gut flora wellness.展开更多
The deactivation cause of lead-zinc double oxide for synthesis of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) by transesterification of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with phenol has been investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelec...The deactivation cause of lead-zinc double oxide for synthesis of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) by transesterification of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with phenol has been investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetry analysis (TG), atomic absorption spectroscopy and elementary analysis are employed for the catalyst characterization. The results show that, the formation of Pb4O(OC6H5)6 through the reaction of phenol and lead species in the catalyst leads to the crystal phase change of active component and serious leaching of lead, which is the cause of the catalyst deactivation. In addition, the composition of the leached lead is ascertained to be a mixture of Pb4O(OC6H5)6 and PbO with the weight percentage of 62.7% and 37.3%, respectively.展开更多
Purinostat Mesylate(PM)is a novel highly selective and active HDAC I/IIb inhibitor,and the injectable formulation of PM(PMF)based on the compound prescription containing cyclodextrin completely can overcome PM’s poor...Purinostat Mesylate(PM)is a novel highly selective and active HDAC I/IIb inhibitor,and the injectable formulation of PM(PMF)based on the compound prescription containing cyclodextrin completely can overcome PM’s poor solubility and improves its stability and pharmacokinetic properties.Here,we showed that PM effectively repressed the survival of Ph+leukemia cells and CD34+leukemia cells from CML patients in vitro.In vivo studies demonstrated that PMF significantly prevented BCR-ABL(T315I)induced CML progression by restraining leukemia stem cells(LSCs),which are insensitive to chemotherapy and responsible for CML relapse.Mechanism studies revealed that targeting HDAC I/IIb repressed several important factors for LSCs survival including c-Myc,β-Catenin,E2f,Ezh2,Alox5,and mTOR,as well as interrupted some critical biologic processes.Additionally,PMF increased glutamate metabolism in LSCs by increasing GLS1.The combination of PMF and glutaminase inhibitor BPTES synergistically eradicated LSCs by altering multiple key proteins and signaling pathways which are critical for LSC survival and self-renewal.Overall,our findings represent a new therapeutic strategy for eliminating LSCs by targeting HDAC I/IIb and glutaminolysis,which potentially provides a guidance for PMF clinical trials in the future for TKI resistance CML patients.展开更多
Quantum discord is the most prominent of quantum correlations, but it does not have unique generalizations to the multipartite case.W states are especially useful for secure communication. In this paper, we propose th...Quantum discord is the most prominent of quantum correlations, but it does not have unique generalizations to the multipartite case.W states are especially useful for secure communication. In this paper, we propose that the quantum correlation in generic three-qubit pure W states can be given by the two-qubit discords of these states.展开更多
We report herein that TSPAN32 is a key node factor for Philadelphia (Ph+) leukemia pathogenesis. We found that TSPAN32expression was repressed by BCR-ABL and ectopic TSPAN32 expression upon Imatinib treatment inhibite...We report herein that TSPAN32 is a key node factor for Philadelphia (Ph+) leukemia pathogenesis. We found that TSPAN32expression was repressed by BCR-ABL and ectopic TSPAN32 expression upon Imatinib treatment inhibited the proliferation of Ph+cell lines. Tspan32 overexpression significantly prevented BCR-ABL induced leukemia progression in a murine model and impairedleukemia stem cell (LSC) proliferation. LSCs represent an obstacle for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) elimination, which continuallyreplenish leukemia cells and are associated with disease relapse. Therefore, the identification of essential targets that contribute tothe survival and self-renewal of LSCs is important for novel curative CML. Mechanistically, TSPAN32 was shown to interact withPTEN, increased its protein level and caused a reduction in PI3K-AKT signaling activity. We also found that TSPAN32 was repressedby BCR-ABL via the suppression of an important transcription factor, TAL1. Ectopic expression of TAL1 significantly increasedTSPAN32 mRNA and protein level, which indicated that BCR-ABL repressed TSPAN32 transcription by decreasing TAL1 expression.Overall, we identified a new signaling axis composed of “BCR-ABL-TAL1-TSPAN32-PTEN-PI3K-AKT”. Our findings furthercomplement the known mechanisms underlying the transformation potential of BCR-ABL in CML pathogenesis. This new signalingaxis also provides a potential means to target PI3K-AKT for CML treatment.展开更多
Background:Sjögren syndrome(SS)is a long-term autoimmune disease that affects the body’s moisture-producing glands.It can occur independently of other health problems(primary disease)or as a result of another co...Background:Sjögren syndrome(SS)is a long-term autoimmune disease that affects the body’s moisture-producing glands.It can occur independently of other health problems(primary disease)or as a result of another connective tissue disorder(secondary disease).Medication is directed at the person’s symptoms.Recently,it is reported that prescription of Chinese medicine has a great effect on SS and reduce adverse drugs reaction,which can provide a more safer treatment to SS.Case presentation:We here report a 43 year-old Chinese patient with continuous immune thrombocytopenia diagnosed as Sjögren syndrome,who was not response to routine medication such as Methylprednisolone and acyclovir.After that,the patient was treated by prescription of Chinese medicine,and the symptoms were improved apparently.We suppose that prescription of Chinese medicine has an unexpected effect on SS,which can alleviate patient’s symptoms.Conclusion:The clinical efficacy of Sjogren syndrome(SS)is effective in the treatment of prescription of Chinese medicine.It can improve patient’s symptoms and reduce adverse drug reactions.展开更多
Background:The Mongolian gerbil is an excellent laboratory animal for preparing the cerebral ischemia model due to its inherent deficiency in the circle of Willis.However,the low incidence and unpredictability of symp...Background:The Mongolian gerbil is an excellent laboratory animal for preparing the cerebral ischemia model due to its inherent deficiency in the circle of Willis.However,the low incidence and unpredictability of symptoms are caused by numerous complex variant types of the circle.Additionally,the lack of an evaluation system for the cer-ebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)model of gerbils has shackled the application of this model.Methods:We created a symptom-oriented principle and detailed neurobehavioral scoring criteria.At different time points of reperfusion,we analyzed the alteration in locomotion by rotarod test and grip force score,infarct volume by triphenyltetrazo-lium chloride(TTC)staining,neuron loss using Nissl staining,and histological charac-teristics using hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)straining.Results:With a successful model rate of 56%,32 of the 57 gerbils operated by our method harbored typical features of cerebral I/R injury,and the mortality rate in the male gerbils was significantly higher than that in the female gerbils.The suc-cessfully prepared I/R gerbils demonstrated a significant reduction in motility and grip strength at 1 day after reperfusion;formed obvious infarction;exhibited typi-cal pathological features,such as tissue edema,neuronal atrophy and death,and vacuolated structures;and were partially recovered with the extension of reperfu-sion time.Conclusion:This study developed a new method for the unilateral common carotid artery ligation I/R model of gerbil and established a standardized evaluation system for this model,which could provide a new cerebral I/R model of gerbils with more practical applications.展开更多
Background:The increasing burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)worldwide imposes an emerging public health issue.We perform the current study to estimate the global prevalence,incidence,disease progressio...Background:The increasing burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)worldwide imposes an emerging public health issue.We perform the current study to estimate the global prevalence,incidence,disease progression,and clinical outcomes of NAFLD.Methods:A systematic search was conducted in Medline,Embase,Web of Science,Google Scholar,and Cochrane CENTRAL that screened articles in English language published from January 2000 to December 2021.NAFLD prevalence,incidence,rate of disease progression,and outcomes were calculated with the DerSimonian-Laird random effects model with arcsine transformation.Results:Our search identified 59,156 records,of which 578 studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria.The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 29.38%(95%confidence interval[CI]28.09-30.69)regardless of the diagnostic techniques.Looking at the group in which the diagnosis was made by ultrasound exclusively,the pooled prevalence was 30.49%(95%CI 29.55-31.43).NAFLD has become more prevalent during the year 2011-2021(31.63%,95%CI 30.23-33.04)compared with year 2000-2010(27.94%,95%CI 26.23-29.69).The pooled estimation of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis prevalence was 8.26%(95%CI 1.13-21.01),46.49%(95%CI 35.93-57.20),and 46.72%(95%CI 37.57-55.98)in general population,NAFLD patients,and severe/morbidly obese patients,respectively.Based on a total of 110,142 newly developed NAFLD patients,the pooled incident rate was estimated as 46.24 cases per 1000 person-years(95%CI 43.21-49.30).In patients with NAFLD,the incident rate of hepatocellular carcinoma was 1.46(95%CI 0.90-2.03)cases per 1000 person-years.The overall pooled estimate of NAFLD related mortality was 23.91(95%CI 13.55-37.18)death per 1000 person-years.Conclusions:The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing globally.It is contributing to poor clinical outcomes including hepatocellular carcinoma and death.Rising awareness and urgent actions are warranted to control the NAFLD pandemic across the globe.Registration:PROSPERO,No.CRD42020171104.展开更多
Serious freshwater shortage and environmental pollution boost the rapid development of solar-driven water production.Although improved evaporation rate has achieved in recent years,undesirable impurity(e.g.,pollutant ...Serious freshwater shortage and environmental pollution boost the rapid development of solar-driven water production.Although improved evaporation rate has achieved in recent years,undesirable impurity(e.g.,pollutant components)can also be inevitably evaporated and collected as impurity in produced freshwater.This work reports new ultra-light three-dimensional(3D)aerogels assembled by hierarchical Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2) nanofibers and reduced graphene oxide(RGO)for excit-ing synchronized solar-driven evaporation and water purification.Hydrophilic Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2) fibrous channels linked up the graphene hot-spots and water body for sufficient water supply and bulk water insulation.Meanwhile,featured with thermal insulation effect,the Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2) nanofibers effectively locked the converted heat with less energy loss from sunlight.The introducing of Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2) nanofibers into RGO aerogel led to the effective interfacial evaporation for a more rapid water evaporation rate(2.19 kg·m−2·h−1,normalized to evaporation area including both top and side surface),which was 36%higher than that of pristine RGO aerogel.Moreover,simultaneous with the strong steam generation,Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2) nanofibers in situ removed the pollutants within steam by photodegradation,achieving polluted wastewater purification with high con-taminant removal ratio of 91.3%.Our work on coupling Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2) nanofibers into photothermal aerogel provides attractive solutions for the challenges of clean water scarcity and serious environmental pollution.展开更多
Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)are promising ne15t-generation energy storage candidates due to abundant resources and low cost.Sb-based materials with high theoretical capacity(660 mAh·g^(-1))and low working potent...Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)are promising ne15t-generation energy storage candidates due to abundant resources and low cost.Sb-based materials with high theoretical capacity(660 mAh·g^(-1))and low working potential are considered as promising anode for PIBs.The remaining challenge is poor stability and slow kinetics.In this work,FeSb@N-doped carbon quantum dots anchored in three-dimensional(3D)porous N-doped carbon(FeSb@C/Nc3DC/N),a Sb-based material with a particular structure,is designed and constructed by a green salt-template method.As an anode for PIBs,it exhibits extraordinarily high-rate and long-cycle stability(a capacity of 245 mAh·g^(-1) at 3,080 mAh·g^(-1) after 1,000 cycles).The pseudocapacitance contribution(83%)is demonstrated as the origin of high-rate performance of the FeSb@C/NС3DC/N electrode.Furthermore,the potassium storage mechanism in the electrode is systematically investigated through ex-situ characterization techniques including ex-situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).Overall,this study could provide a useful guidance for future design of high-performance electrode materials for PIBs.展开更多
Alport syndrome(AS) is a hereditary progressive nephropathy characterized by hematuria, ultrastructural lesions of the glomerular basement membrane, ocular lesions and sensorineural hearing loss. Germline mutations of...Alport syndrome(AS) is a hereditary progressive nephropathy characterized by hematuria, ultrastructural lesions of the glomerular basement membrane, ocular lesions and sensorineural hearing loss. Germline mutations of COL4 A5 are associated with X-linked AS with an extreme phenotypic heterogeneity. Here, we investigated a Chinese family with Alport syndrome. The proband was a 9-year-old boy with hematuria and proteinuria. Based on the test results of renal biopsy and immunofluorescence,the proband was initially diagnosed as Ig A nephropathy and the treatment was recommended accordingly. Meanwhile, we found that the treatment outcome was poor. Therefore, for proper clinical diagnosis and appropriate treatment, targeted exome-based next-generation sequencing has been undertaken. We identified a novel hemizygous single nucleotide deletion c.1902 del A in COL4 A5 gene. Segregation analysis identified that this novel mutation is co-segregated among the affected family members but absent in unaffected family members. The clinical diagnosis of the proband was revised as AS accompanied by Ig A nephropathy,which has been rarely reported. Our findings demonstrated the significance of the application of Genetic screening, expanded the mutation spectrum of COL4 A5 associated AS patients with atypical renal phenotypes and provided a good lesson to be learned from our detour during the diagnosis.展开更多
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U20A20152,21236001 and 21878069).
文摘2,5-Dicyanofuran(DCF)is an important biomass-derived platform compound primarily used to prepare bio-based adiponitrile,which is the key precursor for the synthesis of nylon 66 and 1,6-hexanediisocyanate(HDI).In this study,one-pot,green and safe synthesis of DCF from 2,5-diformylfuran(DFF)and hydroxylamine ionic liquid salts was proposed.Eco-friendly hydroxylamine ionic liquid salts were used as the nitrogen source.Ionic liquid exhibited three-fold function of cosolvent,catalysis and phase separation.The conversion of DFF and yield of DCF reached 100%under the following optimum reaction conditions:temperature of 120℃ for 70 min,volume ratio of paraxylene:[HSO_(3)-b-Py]HSO4 of 2:1,and molar ratio of DFF:(NH_(2)OH)_(2)[HSO_(3)-b-Py]HSO4 of 1:1.5.The reaction mechanism for the synthesis of DCF was proposed,and the kinetic model was established.The reaction order with respect to DFF and intermediate product 2,5-diformylfuran dioxime(DFFD)was 1.06 and 0.16,and the reaction activation energy was 64.07 kJ·mol^(-1) and 59.37 kJ·mol^(-1) respectively.After the reaction,the ionic liquid was easy to separate,recover and recycle.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFE0205200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1834201)
文摘Noise is one of the key issues in the operation of high-speed railways, with sound source localisation and its transfer path as the two major aspects. This study investigates both the exterior and interior sound source distribution of a high-speed train and presents a method for performing the contribution analysis of airborne sound with regard to the interior noise. First, both exterior and interior sound source locations of the high-speed train are identified through in-situ measurements. Second, the sound source contribution for di erent regions of the train and the relationships between the exterior and interior noises are analysed. Third, a method for conducting the contribution analysis of airborne sound with regard to the interior noise of the high-speed train is described. Lastly, a case study on the sidewall area is carried out, and the contribution of airborne sound to the interior noise of this area is obtained. The results show that, when the high-speed train runs at 310 km/h, dominant exterior sound sources are located in the bogie and pantograph regions, while main interior sound sources are located at the sidewall and roof. The interior noise, the bogie area noise and the sound source at the middle of the coach exhibit very similar rates of increase with increasing train speed. For the selected sidewall area, structure-borne sound dominates in most of the 1/3 octave bands.
基金Special Fund for International Cooperative Research of Qilu University of Technology(QLUTGJHZ2018010)。
文摘Using microbial fermentation to increase the content of free amino acids and short peptides in the organic fertilizer for castor bean meal can effectively promote plant growth and improve fruit quality.Using free amino acid and short peptide content as an indicator,through single factor and response surface optimization experiments,the process parameters(moisture content,fermentation time and inoculum quantity)of castor meal solid-state fermentation were optimized.The best process parameters for the solid-state fermentation were:the moisture content 62%,the fermentation time 20 d,and the inoculum quantity 0.23%.The moisture content had the greatest impact on the conversion rate of free amino acids and short peptides,and the protein conversion rate reached 65.6%.The scale-up experiment under the optimal conditions showed that the solid-state fermentation using the inoculum had a significant beneficial effect compared with other fermentation methods.The fermentation of castor cake fertilizer provides a theoretical and practical basis for production feasibility,and has important guiding significance for the effective utilization of castor bean meal.
基金supported by national key program for developing basic science in China[grant number2012CB9557000]the "Strategy and Policies on Environment and Development in Western China" project of "China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development(CCICED)"
文摘This study aims to investigate the effect of the impact mechanism of climate change on the livestock production at small watershed level and county level with the Multi-level Model(MLM)in Qinghai Province.The result indicated that the gross livestock output value was greatly influenced by the climatic factors of the small watershed level.Higher temperature promoted also by the increase of precipitation,relative humidity and sunshine duration was found to be beneficial to the development of livestock production,except in some areas where temperature rise restrained the development of local livestock production to some degree when exceeding a certain level;besides,the impact of the socioeconomic factors on the livestock output value is obvious at the county level.The gross economic output measured with GDP has some inhibitory effects on the reinvestment of livestock production,while population growth promotes development of livestock production to some degree.The results not only provide scientific basis for the management of livestock production in Qinghai Province,but also provide reference for formulating the policies and adaptation measures targeted at climate change to promote the sustainable development of livestock production in other regions.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFF0218200)。
文摘Solution and quenching heat treatments are generally carried out in a roller hearth furnace for large-scale thick aluminum alloy plates.However,the asymmetric or uneven spray water flow rate is inevitable under industrial production conditions,which leads to an asymmetric residual stress distribution.The spray quenching treatment was conducted on self-designed spray equipment,and the residual stress along the thickness direction was measured by a layer removal method based on deflections.Under the asymmetric spray quenching condition,the subsurface stress of the high-flow rate surface was lower than that of the low-flow rate surface,and the difference between the two subsurface stresses increased with the increase in the difference in water flow rates.The subsurface stress underneath the surface with a water flow rate of 0.60 m^(3)/h was 15.38 MPa less than that of 0.15 m^(3)/h.The simulated residual stress by finite element(FE)method of the high heat transfer coefficient(HTC)surface was less than that of the low HTC surface,which is consistent with the experimental results.The FE model can be used to analyze the strain and stress evolution and predict the quenched stress magnitude and distribution.
基金This work was supported financially by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2018YFA0305900 and 2018YFA0703404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.21905159,11634004,51320105007,11604116,and 51602124,the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in the University of the Ministry of Education of China under Grant No.IRT1132+1 种基金the Higher Educational Youth Innovation Science and Technology Program Shandong Province(Grant No.2022KJ183)GHfund B(Grant No.202202026143).
文摘Synthesis pressure and structural stability are two crucial factors for highly energetic materials,and recent investigations have indicated that cerium is an efficient catalyst for N2 reduction reactions.Here,we systematically explore Ce–N compounds through first-principles calculations,demonstrating that the cerium atom can weaken the strength of the N≡N bond and that a rich variety of cerium polynitrides can be formed under moderate pressure.Significantly,P1-CeN_(6) possesses the lowest synthesis pressure of 32 GPa among layered metal polynitrides owing to the strong ligand effect of cerium.The layered structure of P1-CeN_(6) proposed here consists of novel N_(14) ring.To clarify the formation mechanism of P1-CeN_(6),the reaction path Ce+3N2→trans-CeN_(6)→P1-CeN_(6) is proposed.In addition,P1-CeN_(6) possesses high hardness(20.73 GPa)and can be quenched to ambient conditions.Charge transfer between cerium atoms and N_(14) rings plays a crucial role in structural stability.Furthermore,the volumetric energy density(11.20 kJ/cm^(3))of P1-CeN_(6) is much larger than that of TNT(7.05 kJ/cm^(3)),and its detonation pressure(128.95 GPa)and detonation velocity(13.60 km/s)are respectively about seven times and twice those of TNT,and it is therefore a promising high-energy-density material.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(90205009 and 10321002)the National Parallel Computing Center in Beijing.
文摘A gas-kinetic numerical method for directlysolving the mesoscopic velocity distribution functionequation is presented and applied to the study ofthree-dimensional complex flows and micro-channelflows covering various flow regimes.The unified velo-city distribution function equation describing gas trans-port phenomena from rarefied transition to continuumflow regimes can be presented on the basis of the kineticBoltzmann-Shakhov model equation.The gas-kineticfinite-difference schemes for the velocity distributionfunction are constructed by developing a discrete velo-city ordinate method of gas kinetic theory and an uns-teady time-splitting technique from computational fluiddynamics.Gas-kinetic boundary conditions and nume-rical modeling can be established by directly manipu-lating on the mesoscopic velocity distribution function.A new Gauss-type discrete velocity numerical integra-tion method can be developed and adopted to attackcomplex flows with different Mach numbers.HPF paral-lel strategy suitable for the gas-kinetic numerical methodis investigated and adopted to solve three-dimensionalcomplex problems.High Mach number flows aroundthree-dimensional bodies are computed preliminarily with massive scale parallel.It is noteworthy and ofpractical importance that the HPF parallel algorithmfor solving three-dimensional complex problems canbe effectively developed to cover various flow regimes.On the other hand,the gas-kinetic numerical methodis extended and used to study micro-channel gas flowsincluding the classical Couette flow,the Poiseuille-channel flow and pressure-driven gas flows in two-dimensional short micro-channels.The numericalexperience shows that the gas-kinetic algorithm may bea powerful tool in the numerical simulation of micro-scale gas flows occuring in the Micro-Electro-MechanicalSystem (MEMS).
基金This work was supported by the National Basic Research Project(973 program,2012CB518200)General Program(81371232,81573251)of the Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Special Key Programs for Drug R&D of China(2012ZX09102301-016,2014ZX09J14107-05B)Foundation of Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine between Beijing Proteome Research Center and Tianjin Baodi Hospital(TMRC201301).
文摘Human wellness is the ultimate goal of our efforts in improving the human life.Special foods are undoubtedly important in achieving human wellness.However,overeating significantly leads to obesity and diabetes.These chronic diseases will in turn affect the human wellness.Therefore,“dietary restriction and proper exercise”were introduced in the human daily life.Different foods cause various effects on the human health.The diversification of diet is a priority for nutritionists to keep our body healthy.To avoid diabetes mellitus,special foods for ketogenic diet,low-carbon diet,and low-calorie intake are also gradually attracting attention.In addition,the hypothesis that“hunger sensation comes from gut flora”brings new light to the research on the biological motivation for humans to eat food.This hypothesis has been gradually demonstrated using the flexible fasting technology by providing special foods,such as plant polysaccharides and dietary fibers.The response to food-needing signals from the gut flora to these foods demonstrates the importance of the gut flora in improving human wellness.The gut flora is probably an essential factor for translating the food-eating signals and converting the nutrition to our body.Therefore,“gut flora priority principle”is developed to guarantee human wellness.The 16S rRNA sequencing and mass spectrometric techniques can be used to identify the gut flora,which may guide us to a new era of human wellness based on gut flora wellness.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20636030 No.20176008)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.07 JCZDJC00100)
文摘The deactivation cause of lead-zinc double oxide for synthesis of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) by transesterification of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with phenol has been investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetry analysis (TG), atomic absorption spectroscopy and elementary analysis are employed for the catalyst characterization. The results show that, the formation of Pb4O(OC6H5)6 through the reaction of phenol and lead species in the catalyst leads to the crystal phase change of active component and serious leaching of lead, which is the cause of the catalyst deactivation. In addition, the composition of the leached lead is ascertained to be a mixture of Pb4O(OC6H5)6 and PbO with the weight percentage of 62.7% and 37.3%, respectively.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021SCU12022 to L.Yang)the 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence(to Z.Li and L.Chen)+1 种基金West China Hospital,Sichuan University,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82104211 to L.Yang)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81541092 and 81770103 to Y.Hu).
文摘Purinostat Mesylate(PM)is a novel highly selective and active HDAC I/IIb inhibitor,and the injectable formulation of PM(PMF)based on the compound prescription containing cyclodextrin completely can overcome PM’s poor solubility and improves its stability and pharmacokinetic properties.Here,we showed that PM effectively repressed the survival of Ph+leukemia cells and CD34+leukemia cells from CML patients in vitro.In vivo studies demonstrated that PMF significantly prevented BCR-ABL(T315I)induced CML progression by restraining leukemia stem cells(LSCs),which are insensitive to chemotherapy and responsible for CML relapse.Mechanism studies revealed that targeting HDAC I/IIb repressed several important factors for LSCs survival including c-Myc,β-Catenin,E2f,Ezh2,Alox5,and mTOR,as well as interrupted some critical biologic processes.Additionally,PMF increased glutamate metabolism in LSCs by increasing GLS1.The combination of PMF and glutaminase inhibitor BPTES synergistically eradicated LSCs by altering multiple key proteins and signaling pathways which are critical for LSC survival and self-renewal.Overall,our findings represent a new therapeutic strategy for eliminating LSCs by targeting HDAC I/IIb and glutaminolysis,which potentially provides a guidance for PMF clinical trials in the future for TKI resistance CML patients.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant No.11271237 and No.61228305
文摘Quantum discord is the most prominent of quantum correlations, but it does not have unique generalizations to the multipartite case.W states are especially useful for secure communication. In this paper, we propose that the quantum correlation in generic three-qubit pure W states can be given by the two-qubit discords of these states.
基金the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy&Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy for supportthe staff of the core facility and the animal facility of the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and West China Hospital.This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82200152,81770103)+3 种基金National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(Z20201008)West China Hospital 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence(ZYJC18025)Guizhou Provincial Science&Technology Support Program(NO[2020]4Y061)The Guizhou Innovation and Entrepreneurship Foundation for High-level Overseas Talent(NO.[2019]03).
文摘We report herein that TSPAN32 is a key node factor for Philadelphia (Ph+) leukemia pathogenesis. We found that TSPAN32expression was repressed by BCR-ABL and ectopic TSPAN32 expression upon Imatinib treatment inhibited the proliferation of Ph+cell lines. Tspan32 overexpression significantly prevented BCR-ABL induced leukemia progression in a murine model and impairedleukemia stem cell (LSC) proliferation. LSCs represent an obstacle for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) elimination, which continuallyreplenish leukemia cells and are associated with disease relapse. Therefore, the identification of essential targets that contribute tothe survival and self-renewal of LSCs is important for novel curative CML. Mechanistically, TSPAN32 was shown to interact withPTEN, increased its protein level and caused a reduction in PI3K-AKT signaling activity. We also found that TSPAN32 was repressedby BCR-ABL via the suppression of an important transcription factor, TAL1. Ectopic expression of TAL1 significantly increasedTSPAN32 mRNA and protein level, which indicated that BCR-ABL repressed TSPAN32 transcription by decreasing TAL1 expression.Overall, we identified a new signaling axis composed of “BCR-ABL-TAL1-TSPAN32-PTEN-PI3K-AKT”. Our findings furthercomplement the known mechanisms underlying the transformation potential of BCR-ABL in CML pathogenesis. This new signalingaxis also provides a potential means to target PI3K-AKT for CML treatment.
基金Traditional Chinese Medicine—Guangxi first-class discipline(No.Gui Jiao Ke Yan[2018]12)Development Program of High-level Talent Team under Qihuang Project of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(No.2018005).
文摘Background:Sjögren syndrome(SS)is a long-term autoimmune disease that affects the body’s moisture-producing glands.It can occur independently of other health problems(primary disease)or as a result of another connective tissue disorder(secondary disease).Medication is directed at the person’s symptoms.Recently,it is reported that prescription of Chinese medicine has a great effect on SS and reduce adverse drugs reaction,which can provide a more safer treatment to SS.Case presentation:We here report a 43 year-old Chinese patient with continuous immune thrombocytopenia diagnosed as Sjögren syndrome,who was not response to routine medication such as Methylprednisolone and acyclovir.After that,the patient was treated by prescription of Chinese medicine,and the symptoms were improved apparently.We suppose that prescription of Chinese medicine has an unexpected effect on SS,which can alleviate patient’s symptoms.Conclusion:The clinical efficacy of Sjogren syndrome(SS)is effective in the treatment of prescription of Chinese medicine.It can improve patient’s symptoms and reduce adverse drug reactions.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFF0702402National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:32070531。
文摘Background:The Mongolian gerbil is an excellent laboratory animal for preparing the cerebral ischemia model due to its inherent deficiency in the circle of Willis.However,the low incidence and unpredictability of symptoms are caused by numerous complex variant types of the circle.Additionally,the lack of an evaluation system for the cer-ebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)model of gerbils has shackled the application of this model.Methods:We created a symptom-oriented principle and detailed neurobehavioral scoring criteria.At different time points of reperfusion,we analyzed the alteration in locomotion by rotarod test and grip force score,infarct volume by triphenyltetrazo-lium chloride(TTC)staining,neuron loss using Nissl staining,and histological charac-teristics using hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)straining.Results:With a successful model rate of 56%,32 of the 57 gerbils operated by our method harbored typical features of cerebral I/R injury,and the mortality rate in the male gerbils was significantly higher than that in the female gerbils.The suc-cessfully prepared I/R gerbils demonstrated a significant reduction in motility and grip strength at 1 day after reperfusion;formed obvious infarction;exhibited typi-cal pathological features,such as tissue edema,neuronal atrophy and death,and vacuolated structures;and were partially recovered with the extension of reperfu-sion time.Conclusion:This study developed a new method for the unilateral common carotid artery ligation I/R model of gerbil and established a standardized evaluation system for this model,which could provide a new cerebral I/R model of gerbils with more practical applications.
基金supported by the Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province(Nos.2020YJ0237,2021YFS0230,and 2020YFS0259)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M702340).
文摘Background:The increasing burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)worldwide imposes an emerging public health issue.We perform the current study to estimate the global prevalence,incidence,disease progression,and clinical outcomes of NAFLD.Methods:A systematic search was conducted in Medline,Embase,Web of Science,Google Scholar,and Cochrane CENTRAL that screened articles in English language published from January 2000 to December 2021.NAFLD prevalence,incidence,rate of disease progression,and outcomes were calculated with the DerSimonian-Laird random effects model with arcsine transformation.Results:Our search identified 59,156 records,of which 578 studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria.The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 29.38%(95%confidence interval[CI]28.09-30.69)regardless of the diagnostic techniques.Looking at the group in which the diagnosis was made by ultrasound exclusively,the pooled prevalence was 30.49%(95%CI 29.55-31.43).NAFLD has become more prevalent during the year 2011-2021(31.63%,95%CI 30.23-33.04)compared with year 2000-2010(27.94%,95%CI 26.23-29.69).The pooled estimation of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis prevalence was 8.26%(95%CI 1.13-21.01),46.49%(95%CI 35.93-57.20),and 46.72%(95%CI 37.57-55.98)in general population,NAFLD patients,and severe/morbidly obese patients,respectively.Based on a total of 110,142 newly developed NAFLD patients,the pooled incident rate was estimated as 46.24 cases per 1000 person-years(95%CI 43.21-49.30).In patients with NAFLD,the incident rate of hepatocellular carcinoma was 1.46(95%CI 0.90-2.03)cases per 1000 person-years.The overall pooled estimate of NAFLD related mortality was 23.91(95%CI 13.55-37.18)death per 1000 person-years.Conclusions:The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing globally.It is contributing to poor clinical outcomes including hepatocellular carcinoma and death.Rising awareness and urgent actions are warranted to control the NAFLD pandemic across the globe.Registration:PROSPERO,No.CRD42020171104.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975042)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20171153)+3 种基金the Project of Six Talents Climax Foundation of Jiangsu(XCL-082)the Equipment Pre-research Fund of National Defence Science and Technology Key Laboratory(614220504030817)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Serious freshwater shortage and environmental pollution boost the rapid development of solar-driven water production.Although improved evaporation rate has achieved in recent years,undesirable impurity(e.g.,pollutant components)can also be inevitably evaporated and collected as impurity in produced freshwater.This work reports new ultra-light three-dimensional(3D)aerogels assembled by hierarchical Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2) nanofibers and reduced graphene oxide(RGO)for excit-ing synchronized solar-driven evaporation and water purification.Hydrophilic Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2) fibrous channels linked up the graphene hot-spots and water body for sufficient water supply and bulk water insulation.Meanwhile,featured with thermal insulation effect,the Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2) nanofibers effectively locked the converted heat with less energy loss from sunlight.The introducing of Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2) nanofibers into RGO aerogel led to the effective interfacial evaporation for a more rapid water evaporation rate(2.19 kg·m−2·h−1,normalized to evaporation area including both top and side surface),which was 36%higher than that of pristine RGO aerogel.Moreover,simultaneous with the strong steam generation,Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2) nanofibers in situ removed the pollutants within steam by photodegradation,achieving polluted wastewater purification with high con-taminant removal ratio of 91.3%.Our work on coupling Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2) nanofibers into photothermal aerogel provides attractive solutions for the challenges of clean water scarcity and serious environmental pollution.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51661009 and 21875097)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(No.2019GXNSFDA245014)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Base and Talent Special Project of Guangxi Province(No.AD 19245162)the Basic Research Project of the Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(No.JCYJ20200109141640095).
文摘Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)are promising ne15t-generation energy storage candidates due to abundant resources and low cost.Sb-based materials with high theoretical capacity(660 mAh·g^(-1))and low working potential are considered as promising anode for PIBs.The remaining challenge is poor stability and slow kinetics.In this work,FeSb@N-doped carbon quantum dots anchored in three-dimensional(3D)porous N-doped carbon(FeSb@C/Nc3DC/N),a Sb-based material with a particular structure,is designed and constructed by a green salt-template method.As an anode for PIBs,it exhibits extraordinarily high-rate and long-cycle stability(a capacity of 245 mAh·g^(-1) at 3,080 mAh·g^(-1) after 1,000 cycles).The pseudocapacitance contribution(83%)is demonstrated as the origin of high-rate performance of the FeSb@C/NС3DC/N electrode.Furthermore,the potassium storage mechanism in the electrode is systematically investigated through ex-situ characterization techniques including ex-situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).Overall,this study could provide a useful guidance for future design of high-performance electrode materials for PIBs.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province in China (2018SK2139)
文摘Alport syndrome(AS) is a hereditary progressive nephropathy characterized by hematuria, ultrastructural lesions of the glomerular basement membrane, ocular lesions and sensorineural hearing loss. Germline mutations of COL4 A5 are associated with X-linked AS with an extreme phenotypic heterogeneity. Here, we investigated a Chinese family with Alport syndrome. The proband was a 9-year-old boy with hematuria and proteinuria. Based on the test results of renal biopsy and immunofluorescence,the proband was initially diagnosed as Ig A nephropathy and the treatment was recommended accordingly. Meanwhile, we found that the treatment outcome was poor. Therefore, for proper clinical diagnosis and appropriate treatment, targeted exome-based next-generation sequencing has been undertaken. We identified a novel hemizygous single nucleotide deletion c.1902 del A in COL4 A5 gene. Segregation analysis identified that this novel mutation is co-segregated among the affected family members but absent in unaffected family members. The clinical diagnosis of the proband was revised as AS accompanied by Ig A nephropathy,which has been rarely reported. Our findings demonstrated the significance of the application of Genetic screening, expanded the mutation spectrum of COL4 A5 associated AS patients with atypical renal phenotypes and provided a good lesson to be learned from our detour during the diagnosis.
