CuCl-based catalysts are the most commonly used catalysts for the“direct synthesis”of trimethoxysilane(M3).CuCl species are sensitive to air and water,and are prone to oxidation deactivation.When CuCl is directly us...CuCl-based catalysts are the most commonly used catalysts for the“direct synthesis”of trimethoxysilane(M3).CuCl species are sensitive to air and water,and are prone to oxidation deactivation.When CuCl is directly used as a catalyst,it needs to be purified before the utilization,and the operating conditions for the catalyst preparation are relatively harsh,requiring the inert gas environment.Considering a high-temperature activation step required for CuCl-based catalysts used for catalyzing synthesis of M3 to form active phase Cu–Si alloys(Cu_(x)Si)with Si powder,in this work,a series of catalysts for the“direct synthesis”of M3 were obtained by a one-step high-temperature activation of the mixture of stable CuCl_(2) precursors,activated carbon-reducing agent,and Si powder,simultaneously achieving the reduction of CuCl_(2) to CuCl and the formation of active phase Cu_(x)Si alloys of CuCl with Si powder.The prepared samples were characterized through various characterization techniques,and investigated for the catalytic performance for the“direct synthesis”of M3.Moreover,the operation conditions were optimized,including the activation temperature,catalyst dosage,Si powder particle size,and reaction temperature.The characterization results indicate that during the one-step activation process,the CuCl_(2) precursor is reduced to CuCl,and the resulting CuCl simultaneously reacts with Si powder to form active phases Cu3Si and Cu15Si4 alloys.The optimal catalyst Sacm(250,0.8:10)exhibits a good catalytic activity with selectivity of 95%and yield of 77%for M3,and shows a good universality for various alcohol substrates.Furthermore,the catalytic mechanism of the prepared catalyst for the“direct synthesis”of M3 was discussed.展开更多
A compact pixel for single-photon detection in the analog domain is presented. The pixel integrates a single-photon avalanche diode(SPAD), a passive quenching & active recharging circuit(PQARC), and an analog coun...A compact pixel for single-photon detection in the analog domain is presented. The pixel integrates a single-photon avalanche diode(SPAD), a passive quenching & active recharging circuit(PQARC), and an analog counter for fast and accurate sensing and counting of photons. Fabricated in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS technology, the simulated and experimental results reveal that the dead time of the PQARC is about 8 ns and the maximum photon-counting rate can reach 125 Mcps(counting per second). The analog counter can achieve an 8-bit counting range with a voltage step of 6.9 mV. The differential nonlinearity(DNL) and integral nonlinearity(INL) of the analog counter are within the ± 0.6 and ± 1.2 LSB, respectively, indicating high linearity of photon counting. Due to its simple circuit structure and compact layout configuration, the total area occupation of the presented pixel is about 1500 μm^(2), leading to a high fill factor of 9.2%. The presented in-pixel front-end circuit is very suitable for the high-density array integration of SPAD sensors.展开更多
Objective To investigate the application of oncoplastic surgery in breast-conserving surgery.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 103 breast cancer patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery ...Objective To investigate the application of oncoplastic surgery in breast-conserving surgery.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 103 breast cancer patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University.All the patients were female whose tumor volume-to-breast volume ratio was greater than 20%.Fifty-two patients were treated with oncoplastic breast-conversing surgery(observation group),and 51 patients were treated with traditional breast-conserving surgery(control group).The volume of resected tissue,subjective satisfaction with breast shape,objective score of breast shape,and follow-up were compared between the two groups.Results In the observation group,the weight of resected breast tissue was 64.2–172.1 g,with a median of 98.7 g.In the control group,the weight of resected breast tissue was 67.5–175.7 g,with a median of 102.3 g.After 12 months of follow-up,the subjective satisfaction rate and objective score of breast shape in the observation group were significantly better than those in the traditional breast-conserving surgery group(P<0.05).There was no recurrence,metastasis,or death in the two groups.There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery leads to better cosmetic results and a more satisfactory clinical results.展开更多
Pollen germination on the surface of compatible stigmatic tissues is an essential step for plant fertilization. Here we report that the Arabidopsis mutant bcll is male sterile as a result of the failure ofpollen germi...Pollen germination on the surface of compatible stigmatic tissues is an essential step for plant fertilization. Here we report that the Arabidopsis mutant bcll is male sterile as a result of the failure ofpollen germination. We show that the bcll mutant allele cannot be transmitted by male gametophytes and no homozygous bcll mutants were obtained. Analysis of pollen developmental stages indicates that the bcll mutation affects pollen germination but not pollen maturation. Molecular analysis demonstrates that the failure of pollen germination was caused by the disruption of AtBECLIN 1. AtBECLIN 1 is expressed predominantly in mature pollen and encodes a protein with significant homology to Beclin1/Atg6/Vps30 required for the processes of autophagy and vacuolar protein sorting （VPS） in yeast. We also show that AtBECLIN 1 is required for normal plant development, and that genes related to autophagy, VPS and the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor system, were affected by the deficiency of AtBECLIN 1.展开更多
As a potent nucleating substrate forα-Mg grain,MgAl_(2)O_(4) powder was used to inoculate the Mg-Al melt in this study.The effects of MgAl_(2)O_(4)amount,holding time and Al content on the grain size and grain refini...As a potent nucleating substrate forα-Mg grain,MgAl_(2)O_(4) powder was used to inoculate the Mg-Al melt in this study.The effects of MgAl_(2)O_(4)amount,holding time and Al content on the grain size and grain refining ratio of the inoculated Mg-Al alloys are systematically investigated.The results show that the minimum grain size of Mg-3Al alloy is achieved by adding 2wt.%MgAl_(2)O_(4)powder and this alloy exhibits higher grain refining ratio than Mg-5Al and Mg-8Al alloys.The crystallographic misfit calculation indicates the wellmatching and possible orientation relationships(ORs)betweenα-Mg and MgAl_(2)O_(4).Among these predicted ORs,[10–10]α−Mg//[110]MgAl2O4 in(0002)α−Mg//(1–13)MgAl2O4 possesses the smallest misfit,i.e.,2.34%(fr).Both results of the experiment and crystallographic calculation demonstrate that the grain refinement of Mg-Al alloys is attributed to the MgAl_(2)O_(4)particles acting as the heterogeneous nucleation substrates forα-Mg grains.展开更多
Nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） additions can affect soil microbial carbon （C） accumulation. However, the mechanisms that drive the changes in residual microbial C that occur after N and P additions have not bee...Nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） additions can affect soil microbial carbon （C） accumulation. However, the mechanisms that drive the changes in residual microbial C that occur after N and P additions have not been well-defined for Chinese fir plantations in subtropical China. We set up six different treatments, viz. a control （CK）, two N treatments （NI： 50kgha-1 a-1; N2： 100 kg ha-1 a-1）, one P treatment （P： 50 kg ha-1 a-1）, and two combined N and P treatments （NIP： 50kgha-1a-1 of N ＋50kgha-1a-1 of P; N2P：100 kg ha-1 a-1 of N ＋ 50 kg ha-1 a-1 of P）. We then investigated the influences of N and P additions on residual microbial C. The results showed that soil pH and microbial biomass decreased after N additions, while microbial biomass increased after P additions. Soil organic carbon （SOC） and residual microbial C contents increased in the N and P treatments but not in the control. Residual microbial C accumulation varied according to treatment and declined in the order： N2P 〉 N1P 〉 N2 〉 N1 〉 P 〉 CK. Residual microbial C contents were positively correlated with available N, P, and SOC contents, but were negatively correlated with soil pH. The ratio of residual fungal C to residual bacterial C increased under P additions, but declined under combined N1P additions. The ratio of residual microbial C to SOC increased from 11 to 14% under the N1P and N2P treatments, respectively. Our results suggest that the concentrations of residual microbial C and the stability of SOC would increase under combined applications of N and P fertilizers in subtropical Chinese fir plantation soils.展开更多
Objective:To explore the developmental toxicity and the potential toxicological mechanism of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) on zebrafish embryos/larvae.Methods:Mortality,malformations and increased apoptosis indu...Objective:To explore the developmental toxicity and the potential toxicological mechanism of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) on zebrafish embryos/larvae.Methods:Mortality,malformations and increased apoptosis induced by safflower were assessed in zebraflsh embryos from 6 to 96 hours post-fertilization.Enzymes and genes in the anti-oxidative and apoptotic pathways were also assayed.Results:The lethal concentration 50 of safflower to zebrafish embryos was 345.6 mg/L.Hatching inhibition,abnormal spontaneous movement,depressed heart rate,pericardial edema,yolk sac edema,abnormal head-trunk angle,inhibition of melanin release,enlarged yolk,and short body length were observed in safflower-treated zebrafish.Additional apoptotic cells mainly appeared around the heart.Safflower exposure changed the activities of defense enzymes (SOD T,CAT↑,MDA↑,GPX without trend),increased MDA content,decreased caspase-3 activity,and altered mRNA levels of related genes (ogg1 ↓,p53↓,Cu/Zn-sod↑,Mn-sod↓,cat↓,gpx↑).Conclusion:Safflower exhibits developmental toxicity for zebrafish embryos/larvae.The developing heart was speculated as the target organ of toxicity.Oxidative stress and increased apoptosis have roles in the developmental toxicity of safflower.This article provides a novel method to research the teratogenicity and possible mechanisms of toxicity of traditional Chinese medicines that are prohibited or contraindicated in pregnant women.展开更多
Many engineering applications need to analyse the system dynamics on the macro and micro level,which results in a larger computational effort.An explicit-implicit asynchronous step algorithm is introduced to solve the...Many engineering applications need to analyse the system dynamics on the macro and micro level,which results in a larger computational effort.An explicit-implicit asynchronous step algorithm is introduced to solve the structural dynamics in multi-scale both the space domain and time domain.The discrete FEA model is partitioned into explicit and implicit parts using the nodal partition method.Multiple boundary node method is adopted to handle the interface coupled problem.In coupled region,the implicit Newmark coupled with an explicit predictor corrector Newmark whose predictive wave propagates into the implicit mesh.During the explicit subcycling process,the variables of boundary nodes are solved directly by dynamics equilibrium equation.The dissipation energy is dynamically determined in accordance with the energy balance checking.A cantilever beam and a building two numerical examples are proposed to verify that the method can greatly reduce the computing time while maintaining a high accuracy.展开更多
This paper focuses on the key technologies of P2P technology and network traffic monitoring, which focuses on AC automaton and bypass interference control technology, and on based of it, we design a new P2P traffic mo...This paper focuses on the key technologies of P2P technology and network traffic monitoring, which focuses on AC automaton and bypass interference control technology, and on based of it, we design a new P2P traffic monitoring system. The system uses DPI and DFI recognition technology, as well as straight loss and bypass interference control technology, basically meet the recognition and control of P2P traffic. Finally, the test results show that this system recognition accuracy of P2P traffic is high, good control effect, function and performance meet the design requirements.展开更多
Cellular deformability is a promising biomarker for evaluating the physiological state of cells in medical applications.Microfluidics has emerged as a powerful technique for measuring cellular deformability.However,ex...Cellular deformability is a promising biomarker for evaluating the physiological state of cells in medical applications.Microfluidics has emerged as a powerful technique for measuring cellular deformability.However,existing microfluidic-based assays for measuring cellular deformability rely heavily on image analysis,which can limit their scalability for high-throughput applications.Here,we develop a parallel constriction-based microfluidic flow cytometry device and an integrated computational framework(ATMQcD).The ATMQcD framework includes automatic training set generation,multiple object tracking,segmentation,and cellular deformability quantification.The system was validated using cancer cell lines of varying metastatic potential,achieving a classification accuracy of 92.4%for invasiveness assessment and stratifying cancer cells before and after hypoxia treatment.The ATMQcD system also demonstrated excellent performance in distinguishing cancer cells from leukocytes(accuracy=89.5%).We developed a mechanical model based on power-law rheology to quantify stiffness,which was fitted with measured data directly.The model evaluated metastatic potentials for multiple cancer types and mixed cell populations,even under realworld clinical conditions.Our study presents a highly robust and transferable computational framework for multiobject tracking and deformation measurement tasks in microfluidics.We believe that this platform has the potential to pave the way for high-throughput analysis in clinical applications,providing a powerful tool for evaluating cellular deformability and assessing the physiological state of cells.展开更多
Sensor networks can consist of large number of sensors. Often, sensors networks use low cost units and thus a subject to malfunctions that can bring the system to inconsistent states. After deployment, the system can ...Sensor networks can consist of large number of sensors. Often, sensors networks use low cost units and thus a subject to malfunctions that can bring the system to inconsistent states. After deployment, the system can be situated in places that are hard to reach and therefore manual reboot operations are undesirable and even unfeasible. Therefore, it is imperative to consider the eventual recovery of arbitrary fault when designing sensor networks. Dijkstra’s algorithm is an important foundation of self-managing computer system and fault-tolerance computing system in distributed systems, since it allows a distributed system to recover from arbitrary starting state within a finite time. The arbitrary starting state ca model arbitrary failure (as long as the code segment stays correct).Another key advantage of Dijkstra’s asynchronous algorithm is that no global clock is needed. This project tests an implementation of Dijkstra’s algorithm using snapshotting techniques that we developed in an earlier work. These sensors can initiate from any state but they come into a consistent one after several cycles of running. We demonstrate the usefulness of our testing technique.展开更多
tHistone deacetylases(HDACs)are proteases that play a key role in chromosome structural modification and gene expression regulation,and the involvement of HDACs in can-cer,the nervous system,and the metabolic and immu...tHistone deacetylases(HDACs)are proteases that play a key role in chromosome structural modification and gene expression regulation,and the involvement of HDACs in can-cer,the nervous system,and the metabolic and immune system has been well reviewed.Our understanding of the function of HDACs in the vascular system has recently progressed,and a significant variety of HDAC inhibitors have been shown to be effective in the treatment of vascular diseases.However,few reviews have focused on the role of HDACs in the vascular sys-tem.In this study,the role of HDACs in the regulation of the vascular system mainly involving endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells was discussed based on recent updates,and the role of HDACs in different vascular pathogenesis was summarized as well.Furthermore,the therapeutic effects and prospects of HDAC inhibitors were also addressed in this review.展开更多
Molecular glues are typically small chemical molecules that act at the interface between a target protein and degradation machinery to trigger ternary complex formation.Identifying molecular glues is challenging.There...Molecular glues are typically small chemical molecules that act at the interface between a target protein and degradation machinery to trigger ternary complex formation.Identifying molecular glues is challenging.There is a scarcity of target-specific upregulating molecular glues,which are highly anticipated for numerous targets,including P53.P53 is degraded in proteasomes through polyubiquitination by specific E3 ligases,whereas deubiquitinases(DUBs)remove polyubiquitination conjugates to counteract these E3ligases.Thus,small-molecular glues that enhance P53 anchoring to DUBs may stabilize P53 through deubiquitination.Here,using small-molecule microarray-based technology and unbiased screening,we identified three potential molecular glues that may tether P53 to the DUB,USP7,and elevate the P53 level.Among the molecular glues,bromocriptine(BC)is an FDA-approved drug with the most robust effects.BC was further verified to increase P53 stability via the predicted molecular glue mechanism engaging USP7.Consistent with P53 upregulation in cancer cells,BC was shown to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells in vitro and suppress tumor growth in a xenograft model.In summary,we established a potential screening platform and identified potential molecular glues upregulating P53.Similar strategies could be applied to the identification of other types of molecular glues that may benefit drug discovery and chemical biology studies.展开更多
In this study,the lateral line systems in Chinese cavefish eyeless Sinocyclocheilus tianlinensis and eyed Sinocyclocheilus macrophthalmus were investigated to reveal their morphological changes to survive in harsh env...In this study,the lateral line systems in Chinese cavefish eyeless Sinocyclocheilus tianlinensis and eyed Sinocyclocheilus macrophthalmus were investigated to reveal their morphological changes to survive in harsh environments.Compared with the eyed cavefish S.macrophthalmus(atypical),the lateral line system in the eyeless cave-fish S.tianlinensis(typical)has certain features to adapt to the dark cave environments:the superficial lateral line system in the eyeless species possesses a higher number of superficial neuromasts and more hair cells within an individual neuromast,and the trunk lateral line canal system in S.tianlinensis exhibits larger canal pores,higher canal diameter and more pronounced constrictions.Fluid–structure interaction analysis suggested that the trunk lateral line canal system in the eyeless S.tianlinensis should be more sensitive than that in the eyed S.macrophthalmus.These morphological features of the lateral line system in the eyeless S.tianlinensis probably enhance the functioning of the lateral line system and compensate for the lack of eyes.The revelation of the form–function relationship in the cavefish lateral line system provides inspiration for the design of sensitive artificial flow sensors.展开更多
This study analyzes the impact of circulation types(CTs)on ozone(O_(3))pollution in Beijing.The easterly high-pressure(SWW)circulation occurred most frequently(30%;276 day),followed by northwesterly high-pressure(AN)c...This study analyzes the impact of circulation types(CTs)on ozone(O_(3))pollution in Beijing.The easterly high-pressure(SWW)circulation occurred most frequently(30%;276 day),followed by northwesterly high-pressure(AN)circulation(24.3%;224 day).The SWW type had the highest O_(3) anomaly of+17.28μg/m^(3),which was caused by excellent photochemical reactions,poor diffusion ability and regional transport.Due to the higher humidity and precipitation in the low-pressure type(C),the O_(3) increase(+8.02μg/m^(3))was less than that in the SWW type.Good diffusion/wet deposition and weak formation ability contributed to O_(3) decrease in AN(-12.54μg/m^(3))and northerly high-pressure(ESN)CTs(-12.26μg/m^(3)).The intra-area transport of O_(3) was significant in polluted circulations(SWW-and C-CTs).In addition,higher temperature,radiation and less rainfall also contributed to higher O_(3) in northern Beijing under the SWW type.For the clean CTs(AN and ESN CTs),precursor amount and intra-area transport played a dominant role in O_(3) distribution.Under the northeasterly low-pressure CT,better formation conditions and higher precursor amount combined with the intra-area southerly transport to cause higher O_(3) values in the south than in the north.The higher O_(3) in the northwestern area under the northeasterly high-pressure type was influenced by weaker titration loss and high O_(3) concentration in previous day.Annual variation in the CTs contributed up to 86.1%of the annual variation in O_(3).About 78%-83%of the diurnal variation in O_(3) resulted from local meteorological factors.展开更多
As members of the immune checkpoint family, PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 play critical roles in maintaining the balance between autoimmunity and tolerance. The interaction of PD-1/PD-L1 is also involved in tumor evasion ...As members of the immune checkpoint family, PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 play critical roles in maintaining the balance between autoimmunity and tolerance. The interaction of PD-1/PD-L1 is also involved in tumor evasion inside the tumor microenvironment, caused by reduced T cell activation, proliferation, cytotoxic secretion, and survival. Previous research has shown that the expression level of PD-1/PD-L1 may be regulated by ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation, which is an important mode of post-translational modification (PTM). PD-1/PD-L1 ubiquitin modification research in tumor immunotherapy is the subject of the present review, which aims to assess the most recent developments in this area. We offer a short explanation of PD-1/PD-L1 as well as some basic background information on the UPS system and discuss many routes that target E3s and DUBs, respectively, in the regulation of PD-1/PD-L1 in tumor immunotherapy. In addition, we offer numerous innovative prospective research areas for the future, as well as novel immunotherapy concepts and ideas. Taken together, the information compiled herein should serve as a comprehensive repository of information about tumor immunotherapy that is currently available, and it should be useful in the design of future studies, as well as the development of potential targets and strategies for future tumor immunotherapy.展开更多
Sunshine duration(SD) is adopted widely to study global dimming/brightening. However, long-term simultaneous measurements of SD and closely related impact factors require further analysis to elucidate how and why SD h...Sunshine duration(SD) is adopted widely to study global dimming/brightening. However, long-term simultaneous measurements of SD and closely related impact factors require further analysis to elucidate how and why SD has varied during the past decades. In this study, a long-term(1958–2021) SD data series obtained from the Shangdianzi Global Atmosphere Watch(GAW) station in China was analyzed to detect linear trends, climatic jumps, and climatic periods in SD using linear fitting, the Mann–Kendall trend test, and the continuous wavelet transform method. Annual SD exhibited steady dimming(-67.3 h decade-1) before 2010, followed by a period of brightening(189.9 h decade-1)during 2011–2020. An abrupt jump in annual SD occurred in 1995, and the annual SD anomaly exhibited significant oscillation with ~3-yr periodicity during 1960–1978. Partial least squares analysis revealed that annual SD anomaly was associated with variations in relative humidity, gale days, cloud cover, and black carbon(BC). Further analysis of the clear-sky daily sunshine percentage(DSP) and simultaneous measurements of aerosol properties, including aerosol optical depth, aerosol extinction coefficient, single scattering albedo(SSA), BC, and total suspended particulates, suggested that variation in DSP was affected primarily by aerosol scattering and absorption. Furthermore, the hourly clear-sky SD at high aerosol loading was approximately 60% and 56% of that at middle and low aerosol loadings, respectively. The pattern of diurnal variation in clear-sky hourly SD, as well as the actual values, can be affected by the fine particulate concentration, aerosol extinction coefficient, and SSA.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Research & Development Plan of Shandong Province (the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects, 2021ZDSYS13)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2021MB135)
文摘CuCl-based catalysts are the most commonly used catalysts for the“direct synthesis”of trimethoxysilane(M3).CuCl species are sensitive to air and water,and are prone to oxidation deactivation.When CuCl is directly used as a catalyst,it needs to be purified before the utilization,and the operating conditions for the catalyst preparation are relatively harsh,requiring the inert gas environment.Considering a high-temperature activation step required for CuCl-based catalysts used for catalyzing synthesis of M3 to form active phase Cu–Si alloys(Cu_(x)Si)with Si powder,in this work,a series of catalysts for the“direct synthesis”of M3 were obtained by a one-step high-temperature activation of the mixture of stable CuCl_(2) precursors,activated carbon-reducing agent,and Si powder,simultaneously achieving the reduction of CuCl_(2) to CuCl and the formation of active phase Cu_(x)Si alloys of CuCl with Si powder.The prepared samples were characterized through various characterization techniques,and investigated for the catalytic performance for the“direct synthesis”of M3.Moreover,the operation conditions were optimized,including the activation temperature,catalyst dosage,Si powder particle size,and reaction temperature.The characterization results indicate that during the one-step activation process,the CuCl_(2) precursor is reduced to CuCl,and the resulting CuCl simultaneously reacts with Si powder to form active phases Cu3Si and Cu15Si4 alloys.The optimal catalyst Sacm(250,0.8:10)exhibits a good catalytic activity with selectivity of 95%and yield of 77%for M3,and shows a good universality for various alcohol substrates.Furthermore,the catalytic mechanism of the prepared catalyst for the“direct synthesis”of M3 was discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61571235, 61871231)the Key Research&Development Plan of Jiangsu Province+2 种基金China(No. BE2019741)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu ProvinceChina (No. BK20181390)。
文摘A compact pixel for single-photon detection in the analog domain is presented. The pixel integrates a single-photon avalanche diode(SPAD), a passive quenching & active recharging circuit(PQARC), and an analog counter for fast and accurate sensing and counting of photons. Fabricated in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS technology, the simulated and experimental results reveal that the dead time of the PQARC is about 8 ns and the maximum photon-counting rate can reach 125 Mcps(counting per second). The analog counter can achieve an 8-bit counting range with a voltage step of 6.9 mV. The differential nonlinearity(DNL) and integral nonlinearity(INL) of the analog counter are within the ± 0.6 and ± 1.2 LSB, respectively, indicating high linearity of photon counting. Due to its simple circuit structure and compact layout configuration, the total area occupation of the presented pixel is about 1500 μm^(2), leading to a high fill factor of 9.2%. The presented in-pixel front-end circuit is very suitable for the high-density array integration of SPAD sensors.
基金the Key Research and Development Promotion Projects in Henan Province(grant no.:202102310423)。
文摘Objective To investigate the application of oncoplastic surgery in breast-conserving surgery.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 103 breast cancer patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University.All the patients were female whose tumor volume-to-breast volume ratio was greater than 20%.Fifty-two patients were treated with oncoplastic breast-conversing surgery(observation group),and 51 patients were treated with traditional breast-conserving surgery(control group).The volume of resected tissue,subjective satisfaction with breast shape,objective score of breast shape,and follow-up were compared between the two groups.Results In the observation group,the weight of resected breast tissue was 64.2–172.1 g,with a median of 98.7 g.In the control group,the weight of resected breast tissue was 67.5–175.7 g,with a median of 102.3 g.After 12 months of follow-up,the subjective satisfaction rate and objective score of breast shape in the observation group were significantly better than those in the traditional breast-conserving surgery group(P<0.05).There was no recurrence,metastasis,or death in the two groups.There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery leads to better cosmetic results and a more satisfactory clinical results.
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30470172 and 30221120261)the National Special Projects for R&D of Transgenic Plants(J99-A-001).
文摘Pollen germination on the surface of compatible stigmatic tissues is an essential step for plant fertilization. Here we report that the Arabidopsis mutant bcll is male sterile as a result of the failure ofpollen germination. We show that the bcll mutant allele cannot be transmitted by male gametophytes and no homozygous bcll mutants were obtained. Analysis of pollen developmental stages indicates that the bcll mutation affects pollen germination but not pollen maturation. Molecular analysis demonstrates that the failure of pollen germination was caused by the disruption of AtBECLIN 1. AtBECLIN 1 is expressed predominantly in mature pollen and encodes a protein with significant homology to Beclin1/Atg6/Vps30 required for the processes of autophagy and vacuolar protein sorting （VPS） in yeast. We also show that AtBECLIN 1 is required for normal plant development, and that genes related to autophagy, VPS and the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor system, were affected by the deficiency of AtBECLIN 1.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51871100).
文摘As a potent nucleating substrate forα-Mg grain,MgAl_(2)O_(4) powder was used to inoculate the Mg-Al melt in this study.The effects of MgAl_(2)O_(4)amount,holding time and Al content on the grain size and grain refining ratio of the inoculated Mg-Al alloys are systematically investigated.The results show that the minimum grain size of Mg-3Al alloy is achieved by adding 2wt.%MgAl_(2)O_(4)powder and this alloy exhibits higher grain refining ratio than Mg-5Al and Mg-8Al alloys.The crystallographic misfit calculation indicates the wellmatching and possible orientation relationships(ORs)betweenα-Mg and MgAl_(2)O_(4).Among these predicted ORs,[10–10]α−Mg//[110]MgAl2O4 in(0002)α−Mg//(1–13)MgAl2O4 possesses the smallest misfit,i.e.,2.34%(fr).Both results of the experiment and crystallographic calculation demonstrate that the grain refinement of Mg-Al alloys is attributed to the MgAl_(2)O_(4)particles acting as the heterogeneous nucleation substrates forα-Mg grains.
基金jointly financed by the Programs of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41571251,41571130043)the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(No.2012CB416903)
文摘Nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） additions can affect soil microbial carbon （C） accumulation. However, the mechanisms that drive the changes in residual microbial C that occur after N and P additions have not been well-defined for Chinese fir plantations in subtropical China. We set up six different treatments, viz. a control （CK）, two N treatments （NI： 50kgha-1 a-1; N2： 100 kg ha-1 a-1）, one P treatment （P： 50 kg ha-1 a-1）, and two combined N and P treatments （NIP： 50kgha-1a-1 of N ＋50kgha-1a-1 of P; N2P：100 kg ha-1 a-1 of N ＋ 50 kg ha-1 a-1 of P）. We then investigated the influences of N and P additions on residual microbial C. The results showed that soil pH and microbial biomass decreased after N additions, while microbial biomass increased after P additions. Soil organic carbon （SOC） and residual microbial C contents increased in the N and P treatments but not in the control. Residual microbial C accumulation varied according to treatment and declined in the order： N2P 〉 N1P 〉 N2 〉 N1 〉 P 〉 CK. Residual microbial C contents were positively correlated with available N, P, and SOC contents, but were negatively correlated with soil pH. The ratio of residual fungal C to residual bacterial C increased under P additions, but declined under combined N1P additions. The ratio of residual microbial C to SOC increased from 11 to 14% under the N1P and N2P treatments, respectively. Our results suggest that the concentrations of residual microbial C and the stability of SOC would increase under combined applications of N and P fertilizers in subtropical Chinese fir plantation soils.
文摘Objective:To explore the developmental toxicity and the potential toxicological mechanism of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) on zebrafish embryos/larvae.Methods:Mortality,malformations and increased apoptosis induced by safflower were assessed in zebraflsh embryos from 6 to 96 hours post-fertilization.Enzymes and genes in the anti-oxidative and apoptotic pathways were also assayed.Results:The lethal concentration 50 of safflower to zebrafish embryos was 345.6 mg/L.Hatching inhibition,abnormal spontaneous movement,depressed heart rate,pericardial edema,yolk sac edema,abnormal head-trunk angle,inhibition of melanin release,enlarged yolk,and short body length were observed in safflower-treated zebrafish.Additional apoptotic cells mainly appeared around the heart.Safflower exposure changed the activities of defense enzymes (SOD T,CAT↑,MDA↑,GPX without trend),increased MDA content,decreased caspase-3 activity,and altered mRNA levels of related genes (ogg1 ↓,p53↓,Cu/Zn-sod↑,Mn-sod↓,cat↓,gpx↑).Conclusion:Safflower exhibits developmental toxicity for zebrafish embryos/larvae.The developing heart was speculated as the target organ of toxicity.Oxidative stress and increased apoptosis have roles in the developmental toxicity of safflower.This article provides a novel method to research the teratogenicity and possible mechanisms of toxicity of traditional Chinese medicines that are prohibited or contraindicated in pregnant women.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0201800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51475287 and No.11772192).
文摘Many engineering applications need to analyse the system dynamics on the macro and micro level,which results in a larger computational effort.An explicit-implicit asynchronous step algorithm is introduced to solve the structural dynamics in multi-scale both the space domain and time domain.The discrete FEA model is partitioned into explicit and implicit parts using the nodal partition method.Multiple boundary node method is adopted to handle the interface coupled problem.In coupled region,the implicit Newmark coupled with an explicit predictor corrector Newmark whose predictive wave propagates into the implicit mesh.During the explicit subcycling process,the variables of boundary nodes are solved directly by dynamics equilibrium equation.The dissipation energy is dynamically determined in accordance with the energy balance checking.A cantilever beam and a building two numerical examples are proposed to verify that the method can greatly reduce the computing time while maintaining a high accuracy.
文摘This paper focuses on the key technologies of P2P technology and network traffic monitoring, which focuses on AC automaton and bypass interference control technology, and on based of it, we design a new P2P traffic monitoring system. The system uses DPI and DFI recognition technology, as well as straight loss and bypass interference control technology, basically meet the recognition and control of P2P traffic. Finally, the test results show that this system recognition accuracy of P2P traffic is high, good control effect, function and performance meet the design requirements.
基金supported in part by InnoHK Project on[Project 1-5 Multimodal spectroscopy(MMS)&biosensor platforms for monitoring CVDs]at Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-cardiovascular Health Engineering(COCHE),in part by City University of Hong Kong(7020002,7005464,7005208,9667220)which is funded by the Research Grants Council(RGC),in part by Pneumoconiosis Compensation Fund Board(9211276)in part by Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(CityU 21200921).
文摘Cellular deformability is a promising biomarker for evaluating the physiological state of cells in medical applications.Microfluidics has emerged as a powerful technique for measuring cellular deformability.However,existing microfluidic-based assays for measuring cellular deformability rely heavily on image analysis,which can limit their scalability for high-throughput applications.Here,we develop a parallel constriction-based microfluidic flow cytometry device and an integrated computational framework(ATMQcD).The ATMQcD framework includes automatic training set generation,multiple object tracking,segmentation,and cellular deformability quantification.The system was validated using cancer cell lines of varying metastatic potential,achieving a classification accuracy of 92.4%for invasiveness assessment and stratifying cancer cells before and after hypoxia treatment.The ATMQcD system also demonstrated excellent performance in distinguishing cancer cells from leukocytes(accuracy=89.5%).We developed a mechanical model based on power-law rheology to quantify stiffness,which was fitted with measured data directly.The model evaluated metastatic potentials for multiple cancer types and mixed cell populations,even under realworld clinical conditions.Our study presents a highly robust and transferable computational framework for multiobject tracking and deformation measurement tasks in microfluidics.We believe that this platform has the potential to pave the way for high-throughput analysis in clinical applications,providing a powerful tool for evaluating cellular deformability and assessing the physiological state of cells.
文摘Sensor networks can consist of large number of sensors. Often, sensors networks use low cost units and thus a subject to malfunctions that can bring the system to inconsistent states. After deployment, the system can be situated in places that are hard to reach and therefore manual reboot operations are undesirable and even unfeasible. Therefore, it is imperative to consider the eventual recovery of arbitrary fault when designing sensor networks. Dijkstra’s algorithm is an important foundation of self-managing computer system and fault-tolerance computing system in distributed systems, since it allows a distributed system to recover from arbitrary starting state within a finite time. The arbitrary starting state ca model arbitrary failure (as long as the code segment stays correct).Another key advantage of Dijkstra’s asynchronous algorithm is that no global clock is needed. This project tests an implementation of Dijkstra’s algorithm using snapshotting techniques that we developed in an earlier work. These sensors can initiate from any state but they come into a consistent one after several cycles of running. We demonstrate the usefulness of our testing technique.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82103508,82203758)Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (China) (No.SZYKJCYC-2023-028)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Development Incubation Fund of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital,Shaanxi,China (No.2021YJY-21)the Project of Tangdu Hospital,the Air Force Medical University,Shaanxi,China (No.XJSXYW202130,XJSXYW-2023015,2021LCYJ019)the Project of Air Foce Medical University,Shaanxi,China (No.2022LC2227)the Talent Support Program of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital,Shaanxi,China (No.2022JY-38).
文摘tHistone deacetylases(HDACs)are proteases that play a key role in chromosome structural modification and gene expression regulation,and the involvement of HDACs in can-cer,the nervous system,and the metabolic and immune system has been well reviewed.Our understanding of the function of HDACs in the vascular system has recently progressed,and a significant variety of HDAC inhibitors have been shown to be effective in the treatment of vascular diseases.However,few reviews have focused on the role of HDACs in the vascular sys-tem.In this study,the role of HDACs in the regulation of the vascular system mainly involving endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells was discussed based on recent updates,and the role of HDACs in different vascular pathogenesis was summarized as well.Furthermore,the therapeutic effects and prospects of HDAC inhibitors were also addressed in this review.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82050008,92049301,81925012,32200797,32271510,32200602,and 82030106)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(20JC1410900)+3 种基金Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Key Laboratory Project(23dz2260100)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2021-01-07-00-07-E00074)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2018SHZDZX01)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(BX20200093 and 2021M690038)。
文摘Molecular glues are typically small chemical molecules that act at the interface between a target protein and degradation machinery to trigger ternary complex formation.Identifying molecular glues is challenging.There is a scarcity of target-specific upregulating molecular glues,which are highly anticipated for numerous targets,including P53.P53 is degraded in proteasomes through polyubiquitination by specific E3 ligases,whereas deubiquitinases(DUBs)remove polyubiquitination conjugates to counteract these E3ligases.Thus,small-molecular glues that enhance P53 anchoring to DUBs may stabilize P53 through deubiquitination.Here,using small-molecule microarray-based technology and unbiased screening,we identified three potential molecular glues that may tether P53 to the DUB,USP7,and elevate the P53 level.Among the molecular glues,bromocriptine(BC)is an FDA-approved drug with the most robust effects.BC was further verified to increase P53 stability via the predicted molecular glue mechanism engaging USP7.Consistent with P53 upregulation in cancer cells,BC was shown to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells in vitro and suppress tumor growth in a xenograft model.In summary,we established a potential screening platform and identified potential molecular glues upregulating P53.Similar strategies could be applied to the identification of other types of molecular glues that may benefit drug discovery and chemical biology studies.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.51575027,51975030 and 31972868)the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.3152017)the Academic Excellence Foundation of BUAA for PhD Students,and partly supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘In this study,the lateral line systems in Chinese cavefish eyeless Sinocyclocheilus tianlinensis and eyed Sinocyclocheilus macrophthalmus were investigated to reveal their morphological changes to survive in harsh environments.Compared with the eyed cavefish S.macrophthalmus(atypical),the lateral line system in the eyeless cave-fish S.tianlinensis(typical)has certain features to adapt to the dark cave environments:the superficial lateral line system in the eyeless species possesses a higher number of superficial neuromasts and more hair cells within an individual neuromast,and the trunk lateral line canal system in S.tianlinensis exhibits larger canal pores,higher canal diameter and more pronounced constrictions.Fluid–structure interaction analysis suggested that the trunk lateral line canal system in the eyeless S.tianlinensis should be more sensitive than that in the eyed S.macrophthalmus.These morphological features of the lateral line system in the eyeless S.tianlinensis probably enhance the functioning of the lateral line system and compensate for the lack of eyes.The revelation of the form–function relationship in the cavefish lateral line system provides inspiration for the design of sensitive artificial flow sensors.
基金supported by the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.8204075)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC0203302)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.4147513591744206)the Beijing Nova Program(No.xx2017079).
文摘This study analyzes the impact of circulation types(CTs)on ozone(O_(3))pollution in Beijing.The easterly high-pressure(SWW)circulation occurred most frequently(30%;276 day),followed by northwesterly high-pressure(AN)circulation(24.3%;224 day).The SWW type had the highest O_(3) anomaly of+17.28μg/m^(3),which was caused by excellent photochemical reactions,poor diffusion ability and regional transport.Due to the higher humidity and precipitation in the low-pressure type(C),the O_(3) increase(+8.02μg/m^(3))was less than that in the SWW type.Good diffusion/wet deposition and weak formation ability contributed to O_(3) decrease in AN(-12.54μg/m^(3))and northerly high-pressure(ESN)CTs(-12.26μg/m^(3)).The intra-area transport of O_(3) was significant in polluted circulations(SWW-and C-CTs).In addition,higher temperature,radiation and less rainfall also contributed to higher O_(3) in northern Beijing under the SWW type.For the clean CTs(AN and ESN CTs),precursor amount and intra-area transport played a dominant role in O_(3) distribution.Under the northeasterly low-pressure CT,better formation conditions and higher precursor amount combined with the intra-area southerly transport to cause higher O_(3) values in the south than in the north.The higher O_(3) in the northwestern area under the northeasterly high-pressure type was influenced by weaker titration loss and high O_(3) concentration in previous day.Annual variation in the CTs contributed up to 86.1%of the annual variation in O_(3).About 78%-83%of the diurnal variation in O_(3) resulted from local meteorological factors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82103508,81871866,82173252)Shaanxi Special Support Plan-Program for Leading Talents of Science and Technology Innovation(China)(No.2019 Special Support Plan)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(China)(2016SF-308,2019SF-033,2022SF-145)Project of Tangdu Hospital,the Fourth Military Medical University(China)(No.2018 Key Talents).
文摘As members of the immune checkpoint family, PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 play critical roles in maintaining the balance between autoimmunity and tolerance. The interaction of PD-1/PD-L1 is also involved in tumor evasion inside the tumor microenvironment, caused by reduced T cell activation, proliferation, cytotoxic secretion, and survival. Previous research has shown that the expression level of PD-1/PD-L1 may be regulated by ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation, which is an important mode of post-translational modification (PTM). PD-1/PD-L1 ubiquitin modification research in tumor immunotherapy is the subject of the present review, which aims to assess the most recent developments in this area. We offer a short explanation of PD-1/PD-L1 as well as some basic background information on the UPS system and discuss many routes that target E3s and DUBs, respectively, in the regulation of PD-1/PD-L1 in tumor immunotherapy. In addition, we offer numerous innovative prospective research areas for the future, as well as novel immunotherapy concepts and ideas. Taken together, the information compiled herein should serve as a comprehensive repository of information about tumor immunotherapy that is currently available, and it should be useful in the design of future studies, as well as the development of potential targets and strategies for future tumor immunotherapy.
基金Supported by the China Scholarship Council (202205330024)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFB0504002)+1 种基金National Science and Technology Infrastructure Platform Project (2017)Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Institute of Urban Meteorology (IUMKY201735)。
文摘Sunshine duration(SD) is adopted widely to study global dimming/brightening. However, long-term simultaneous measurements of SD and closely related impact factors require further analysis to elucidate how and why SD has varied during the past decades. In this study, a long-term(1958–2021) SD data series obtained from the Shangdianzi Global Atmosphere Watch(GAW) station in China was analyzed to detect linear trends, climatic jumps, and climatic periods in SD using linear fitting, the Mann–Kendall trend test, and the continuous wavelet transform method. Annual SD exhibited steady dimming(-67.3 h decade-1) before 2010, followed by a period of brightening(189.9 h decade-1)during 2011–2020. An abrupt jump in annual SD occurred in 1995, and the annual SD anomaly exhibited significant oscillation with ~3-yr periodicity during 1960–1978. Partial least squares analysis revealed that annual SD anomaly was associated with variations in relative humidity, gale days, cloud cover, and black carbon(BC). Further analysis of the clear-sky daily sunshine percentage(DSP) and simultaneous measurements of aerosol properties, including aerosol optical depth, aerosol extinction coefficient, single scattering albedo(SSA), BC, and total suspended particulates, suggested that variation in DSP was affected primarily by aerosol scattering and absorption. Furthermore, the hourly clear-sky SD at high aerosol loading was approximately 60% and 56% of that at middle and low aerosol loadings, respectively. The pattern of diurnal variation in clear-sky hourly SD, as well as the actual values, can be affected by the fine particulate concentration, aerosol extinction coefficient, and SSA.
