The characteristics of long-distance dust transport from Asia to the United States over the Pacific Ocean are statistically analyzed using OMI AI （Ozone Monitoring Instrument Aerosol Index） data during 2005-007. The...The characteristics of long-distance dust transport from Asia to the United States over the Pacific Ocean are statistically analyzed using OMI AI （Ozone Monitoring Instrument Aerosol Index） data during 2005-007. The results show that there is a high correla- tion of At （the correlation coefficients are as high as 0.83 in March, 0.62 in April and 054 in May） between the Mongolia Gobi Desert and the west coast region of the United States （40°-50°N, 120°- 130°W）, indicating a strong source-receptor area relationship. Through calculating the lag correlation coefficient of the dust propagation time, we determined that the dust propagation lime fi＇om the Mongolia Gobi Desert to the west coast of the United States is about 6-7 days at the 99% confidence level.展开更多
Dear Editor,Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of regulated cell death driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation(Chen et al.,2021).The tumor suppressor p53 promotes ferroptosis by increasing lipid peroxidati...Dear Editor,Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of regulated cell death driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation(Chen et al.,2021).The tumor suppressor p53 promotes ferroptosis by increasing lipid peroxidation and reducing glutathione(GSH)levels,while it also inhibits ferroptosis by activating the expression of several ferroptosis repressors,such as FSP1 and iPLA2β,indicating the complexity of p53’s function in modulating ferroptosis in a cell-specific or context-specific manner(Liu and Gu,2022).展开更多
Over 1000 cases of pediatric hepatitis of unknown etiology have been reported worldwide since the first case was reported in the UK.To date,the etiology of pediatric hepatitis remains unknown and controversial.Adenovi...Over 1000 cases of pediatric hepatitis of unknown etiology have been reported worldwide since the first case was reported in the UK.To date,the etiology of pediatric hepatitis remains unknown and controversial.Adenovirus was first suspected to be the cause as it was present in the blood samples of the majority of cases.Partial cases have also been tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)[1].However,it is still unclear how these viruses contribute to pediatric hepatitis.In the case of a pediatric patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection,the liver biopsy showed acute submassive hepatocyte necrosis,accompanied by a significant increase in T cell infiltration[2].Furthermore,CD8+T cell dominant hepatitis induced by coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccination has also been recently reported[3].Although it is known that T cell receptors(TCRs)can discriminate between self-and non-self-antigens,it is now well-accepted that TCRs exhibit cross-reactivity toward similar and even distinct antigen peptides[4].Thus,we hypothesized that following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination,T cells carrying TCRs that recognize self-antigens undergo clonal expansion,which could eventually result in the onset of autoimmune-like hepatitis(Figure 1A).展开更多
The E3 ubiquitin ligase(E3)-mediated ubiquitination and deubiquitinase(DUB)-mediated deubiquitination processes are closely associated with the occurrence and development of colonic inflammation.Ovarian tumor deubiqui...The E3 ubiquitin ligase(E3)-mediated ubiquitination and deubiquitinase(DUB)-mediated deubiquitination processes are closely associated with the occurrence and development of colonic inflammation.Ovarian tumor deubiquitinase 1(OTUD1)is involved in immunoregulatory functions linked to infectious diseases.However,the effect of OTUD1 on intestinal immune responses during colonic inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)remains unclear.Here,we show that loss of OTUD1 in mice contributes to the pathogenesis of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis via excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines.In addition,bone marrow transplantation experiments revealed that OTUD1 in hematopoietic cells plays a dominant role in protection against colitis.Mechanistically,OTUD1 physically interacts with receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1(RIPK1)and selectively cleaves K63-linked polyubiquitin chains from RIPK1 to inhibit the recruitment of NF-κB essential modulator(NEMO).Moreover,the expression of OTUD1 in mucosa samples from ulcerative colitis(UC)patients was lower than that in mucosa samples from healthy controls.Furthermore,we demonstrate that the UC-associated OTUD1 G430V mutation abolishes the ability of OTUD1 to inhibit RIPK1-mediated NF-κB activation and intestinal inflammation.Taken together,our study unveils a previously unexplored role of OTUD1 in moderating intestinal inflammation by inhibiting RIPK1-mediated NF-κB activation,suggesting that the OTUD1-RIPK1 axis could be a potential target for the treatment of IBD.展开更多
To the Editor: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive cancer types and places a heavy burden on human health. The early diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of ESCC is important for ther...To the Editor: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive cancer types and places a heavy burden on human health. The early diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of ESCC is important for therapy. Despite recent progress in treatment regimens for ESCC, the prognosis of ESCC remains poor.[1] Therefore, it is important to find new molecular therapeutic targets and prognostic monitoring biomarkers for ESCC patients. In this study, we aimed to explore new prognostic biomarkers for ESCC.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?Dengue fever(DF)outbreaks affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide and have increased significantly in Guangdong Province in 2019.What is added by this report?This paper d...What is already known about this topic?Dengue fever(DF)outbreaks affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide and have increased significantly in Guangdong Province in 2019.What is added by this report?This paper described briefly DF outbreaks were attributed to several types of dengue virus(DENV)including DENV-1,DENV-2,and DENV-3 in 2019 in Guangdong,tracked the sources of viruses through phylogenetic analysis and epidemiological investigation,and primarily revealed the epidemiological links among the outbreaks.What are the implications for public health practice?The introduction of DENV from DF endemic areas increased pressure on the prevention and control of DF in Guangdong.Early detection of suspected cases and typing and genotyping of circulating viruses should be prioritized and enhanced to promptly assess the likelihood of local transmission,of introduction,and of subsequent sustained local transmission of the virus to implement optimal prevention and control strategies and measures.展开更多
Background: Dengue is the fastest spreading arboviral disease, posing great challenges on global public health. A reproduceable and comparable global genotyping framework for contextualizing spatiotemporal epidemiolog...Background: Dengue is the fastest spreading arboviral disease, posing great challenges on global public health. A reproduceable and comparable global genotyping framework for contextualizing spatiotemporal epidemiological data of dengue virus (DENV) is essential for research studies and collaborative surveillance.Methods: Targeting DENV-1 spreading prominently in recent decades, by reconciling all qualified complete E gene sequences of 5003 DENV-1 strains with epidemiological information from 78 epidemic countries/areas ranging from 1944 to 2018, we established and characterized a unified global high-resolution genotyping framework using phylogenetics, population genetics, phylogeography, and phylodynamics.Results: The defined framework was discriminated with three hierarchical layers of genotype, subgenotype and clade with respective mean pairwise distances 2-6%, 0.8-2%, and ≤ 0.8%. The global epidemic patterns of DENV-1 showed strong geographic constraints representing stratified spatial-genetic epidemic pairs of Continent-Genotype, Region-Subgenotype and Nation-Clade, thereby identifying 12 epidemic regions which prospectively facilitates the region-based coordination. The increasing cross-transmission trends were also demonstrated. The traditional endemic countries such as Thailand, Vietnam and Indonesia displayed as persisting dominant source centers, while the emerging epidemic countries such as China, Australia, and the USA, where dengue outbreaks were frequently triggered by importation, showed a growing trend of DENV-1 diffusion. The probably hidden epidemics were found especially in Africa and India. Then, our framework can be utilized in an accurate stratified coordinated surveillance based on the defined viral population compositions. Thereby it is prospectively valuable for further hampering the ongoing transition process of epidemic to endemic, addressing the issue of inadequate monitoring, and warning us to be concerned about the cross-national, cross-regional, and cross-continental diffusions of dengue, which can potentially trigger large epidemics.Conclusions: The framework and its utilization in quantitatively assessing DENV-1 epidemics has laid a foundation and re-unveiled the urgency for establishing a stratified coordinated surveillance platform for blocking global spreading of dengue. This framework is also expected to bridge classical DENV-1 genotyping with genomic epidemiology and risk modeling. We will promote it to the public and update it periodically.展开更多
基金funded by the Project 12ZB020 of the Education Department of Sichuan Province
文摘The characteristics of long-distance dust transport from Asia to the United States over the Pacific Ocean are statistically analyzed using OMI AI （Ozone Monitoring Instrument Aerosol Index） data during 2005-007. The results show that there is a high correla- tion of At （the correlation coefficients are as high as 0.83 in March, 0.62 in April and 054 in May） between the Mongolia Gobi Desert and the west coast region of the United States （40°-50°N, 120°- 130°W）, indicating a strong source-receptor area relationship. Through calculating the lag correlation coefficient of the dust propagation time, we determined that the dust propagation lime fi＇om the Mongolia Gobi Desert to the west coast of the United States is about 6-7 days at the 99% confidence level.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82072879,82273098,81874053,82173022)General Program of Open Science Foundation of Jiangxi Cancer Hospital(2021J04)HL was in part funded by the Reynolds and Ryan Families Chair fund in Transitional Cancer at Tulane.
文摘Dear Editor,Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of regulated cell death driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation(Chen et al.,2021).The tumor suppressor p53 promotes ferroptosis by increasing lipid peroxidation and reducing glutathione(GSH)levels,while it also inhibits ferroptosis by activating the expression of several ferroptosis repressors,such as FSP1 and iPLA2β,indicating the complexity of p53’s function in modulating ferroptosis in a cell-specific or context-specific manner(Liu and Gu,2022).
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81972875 and 32270994)the Natural Science Foundation Outstanding Youth Fund of Jiangsu Province(BK20211505)+4 种基金the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2021-RC310-014 and 2019PT310028)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-1-047,2021-I2M-1-061 and 2022-I2M-2-004)the Suzhou Municipal Key Laboratory(SZS2023005)to G.L.,(2022-I2M-1-021)to Y.L.Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82221004)to J.W.NCTIB Fund for R&D Platform for Cell and Gene Therapy。
文摘Over 1000 cases of pediatric hepatitis of unknown etiology have been reported worldwide since the first case was reported in the UK.To date,the etiology of pediatric hepatitis remains unknown and controversial.Adenovirus was first suspected to be the cause as it was present in the blood samples of the majority of cases.Partial cases have also been tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)[1].However,it is still unclear how these viruses contribute to pediatric hepatitis.In the case of a pediatric patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection,the liver biopsy showed acute submassive hepatocyte necrosis,accompanied by a significant increase in T cell infiltration[2].Furthermore,CD8+T cell dominant hepatitis induced by coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccination has also been recently reported[3].Although it is known that T cell receptors(TCRs)can discriminate between self-and non-self-antigens,it is now well-accepted that TCRs exhibit cross-reactivity toward similar and even distinct antigen peptides[4].Thus,we hypothesized that following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination,T cells carrying TCRs that recognize self-antigens undergo clonal expansion,which could eventually result in the onset of autoimmune-like hepatitis(Figure 1A).
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2021YFA1300200)the Biosafety Special Project of China(19SWAQ17),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31800746,31830003 and 81825014)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB29020000)the State Key Laboratory of Proteomics(SKLP-K202001).
文摘The E3 ubiquitin ligase(E3)-mediated ubiquitination and deubiquitinase(DUB)-mediated deubiquitination processes are closely associated with the occurrence and development of colonic inflammation.Ovarian tumor deubiquitinase 1(OTUD1)is involved in immunoregulatory functions linked to infectious diseases.However,the effect of OTUD1 on intestinal immune responses during colonic inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)remains unclear.Here,we show that loss of OTUD1 in mice contributes to the pathogenesis of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis via excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines.In addition,bone marrow transplantation experiments revealed that OTUD1 in hematopoietic cells plays a dominant role in protection against colitis.Mechanistically,OTUD1 physically interacts with receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1(RIPK1)and selectively cleaves K63-linked polyubiquitin chains from RIPK1 to inhibit the recruitment of NF-κB essential modulator(NEMO).Moreover,the expression of OTUD1 in mucosa samples from ulcerative colitis(UC)patients was lower than that in mucosa samples from healthy controls.Furthermore,we demonstrate that the UC-associated OTUD1 G430V mutation abolishes the ability of OTUD1 to inhibit RIPK1-mediated NF-κB activation and intestinal inflammation.Taken together,our study unveils a previously unexplored role of OTUD1 in moderating intestinal inflammation by inhibiting RIPK1-mediated NF-κB activation,suggesting that the OTUD1-RIPK1 axis could be a potential target for the treatment of IBD.
基金This study was supported by the grants from National Key Development Plan for Precision Medicine Research,China(No.2017YFC0910004)Sichuan Science and Technology Program,China(No.2017HH0044)Chengdu Science and Technology Program,China(No.2017-CY02-00017-GX)。
文摘To the Editor: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive cancer types and places a heavy burden on human health. The early diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of ESCC is important for therapy. Despite recent progress in treatment regimens for ESCC, the prognosis of ESCC remains poor.[1] Therefore, it is important to find new molecular therapeutic targets and prognostic monitoring biomarkers for ESCC patients. In this study, we aimed to explore new prognostic biomarkers for ESCC.
文摘What is already known about this topic?Dengue fever(DF)outbreaks affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide and have increased significantly in Guangdong Province in 2019.What is added by this report?This paper described briefly DF outbreaks were attributed to several types of dengue virus(DENV)including DENV-1,DENV-2,and DENV-3 in 2019 in Guangdong,tracked the sources of viruses through phylogenetic analysis and epidemiological investigation,and primarily revealed the epidemiological links among the outbreaks.What are the implications for public health practice?The introduction of DENV from DF endemic areas increased pressure on the prevention and control of DF in Guangdong.Early detection of suspected cases and typing and genotyping of circulating viruses should be prioritized and enhanced to promptly assess the likelihood of local transmission,of introduction,and of subsequent sustained local transmission of the virus to implement optimal prevention and control strategies and measures.
基金This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFC120104)the National Institutes of Health+3 种基金the USA(AI136850)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82072311)the Guang‑zhou Synergy Innovation Key Program for Health(201803040006 and 201508020263)the Guangzhou International Science and Technology Cooperation Program(2012J5100026).
文摘Background: Dengue is the fastest spreading arboviral disease, posing great challenges on global public health. A reproduceable and comparable global genotyping framework for contextualizing spatiotemporal epidemiological data of dengue virus (DENV) is essential for research studies and collaborative surveillance.Methods: Targeting DENV-1 spreading prominently in recent decades, by reconciling all qualified complete E gene sequences of 5003 DENV-1 strains with epidemiological information from 78 epidemic countries/areas ranging from 1944 to 2018, we established and characterized a unified global high-resolution genotyping framework using phylogenetics, population genetics, phylogeography, and phylodynamics.Results: The defined framework was discriminated with three hierarchical layers of genotype, subgenotype and clade with respective mean pairwise distances 2-6%, 0.8-2%, and ≤ 0.8%. The global epidemic patterns of DENV-1 showed strong geographic constraints representing stratified spatial-genetic epidemic pairs of Continent-Genotype, Region-Subgenotype and Nation-Clade, thereby identifying 12 epidemic regions which prospectively facilitates the region-based coordination. The increasing cross-transmission trends were also demonstrated. The traditional endemic countries such as Thailand, Vietnam and Indonesia displayed as persisting dominant source centers, while the emerging epidemic countries such as China, Australia, and the USA, where dengue outbreaks were frequently triggered by importation, showed a growing trend of DENV-1 diffusion. The probably hidden epidemics were found especially in Africa and India. Then, our framework can be utilized in an accurate stratified coordinated surveillance based on the defined viral population compositions. Thereby it is prospectively valuable for further hampering the ongoing transition process of epidemic to endemic, addressing the issue of inadequate monitoring, and warning us to be concerned about the cross-national, cross-regional, and cross-continental diffusions of dengue, which can potentially trigger large epidemics.Conclusions: The framework and its utilization in quantitatively assessing DENV-1 epidemics has laid a foundation and re-unveiled the urgency for establishing a stratified coordinated surveillance platform for blocking global spreading of dengue. This framework is also expected to bridge classical DENV-1 genotyping with genomic epidemiology and risk modeling. We will promote it to the public and update it periodically.
