AIM： To use the tyrosinase minigene as a visual marker to perform microinjection training and improve the techniques related with transgene to greatly elevate the effidency of gene transfer. METHODS： A mouse tyrosin...AIM： To use the tyrosinase minigene as a visual marker to perform microinjection training and improve the techniques related with transgene to greatly elevate the effidency of gene transfer. METHODS： A mouse tyrosinase minigene, i.e., TyBS, in which the 2.25-kb authentic genomic 5＇ non-coding flanking sequence of mouse tyrosinase was fused to a mouse tyrosinase cDNA, was introduced into the fertilized eggs of outbred Kunming albino mice. RESULTS： Of the 11 animals that developed from the injected eggs, two mice （P1 and #8） exhibited pigmented hair （P1） and eyes （P1 and #8）, as confirmed by PCR analysis for the tyrosinase minigene integrated into the genome. When founder P1 was bred to Kunming male mouse, six progeny out of 11 offspring inherited the transgene and the pigmented-eye phenotype. CONCLUSION： Taken together, these results suggest that this minigene encodes the active tyrosinase protein and that its 5＇ flanking region contains the sequences regulating the expression of mouse tyrosinase gene as expected. We have rescued the albino phenotype by introduction and expression of a functional tyrosinase minigene in the Kunming albino mouse and the transgene can be passed to subsequent generation. These findings also indicate that TyBS can be a useful visual marker gene in the co-transgenic experiments.展开更多
Background:The ongoing new coronavirus pneumonia(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19)outbreak is spreading in China,but it has not yet reached its peak.Five million people emigrated from Wuhan before lockdown,potential...Background:The ongoing new coronavirus pneumonia(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19)outbreak is spreading in China,but it has not yet reached its peak.Five million people emigrated from Wuhan before lockdown,potentially representing a source of virus infection.Determining case distribution and its correlation with population emigration from Wuhan in the early stage of the epidemic is of great importance for early warning and for the prevention of future outbreaks.Methods:The official case report on the COVID-19 epidemic was collected as of January 30,2020.Time and location information on COVID-19 cases was extracted and analyzed using ArcGIS and WinBUGS software.Data on population migration from Wuhan city and Hubei province were extracted from Baidu Qianxi,and their correlation with the number of cases was analyzed.Results:The COVID-19 confirmed and death cases in Hubei province accounted for 59.91%(5806/9692)and 95.77%(204/213)of the total cases in China,respectively.Hot spot provinces included Sichuan and Yunnan,which are adjacent to Hubei.The time risk of Hubei province on the following day was 1.960 times that on the previous day.The number of cases in some cities was relatively low,but the time risk appeared to be continuously rising.The correlation coefficient between the provincial number of cases and emigration from Wuhan was up to 0.943.The lockdown of 17 cities in Hubei province and the implementation of nationwide control measures efficiently prevented an exponential growth in the number of cases.Conclusions:The population that emigrated from Wuhan was the main infection source in other cities and provinces.Some cities with a low number of cases showed a rapid increase in case load.Owing to the upcoming Spring Festival return wave,understanding the risk trends in different regions is crucial to ensure preparedness at both the individual and organization levels and to prevent new outbreaks.展开更多
Emerging infectious diseases represent a serious threat for human public health worldwide.[1,2]The 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)caused a pneumonia outbreak,which is spreading around the country and has affected 32...Emerging infectious diseases represent a serious threat for human public health worldwide.[1,2]The 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)caused a pneumonia outbreak,which is spreading around the country and has affected 32 provinces and regions of China as of January 27,2020.[3,4]Countries outside China,including Japan,the United States,Thailand,and South Korea,have also reported cases imported from other countries.[5]With the joint efforts of Chinese scientists,health workers,and related departments,the pathogen causing this epidemic was quickly identified as a new type of coronavirus,10 days after the first official report.After confirming the pathogen,specific detection methods were rapidly developed,with improvement in etiological diagnosis.As of January 22,2020,it has been confirmed that the new coronavirus came from wild bats and belonged to group 2b of the beta coronavirus,which includes severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus(SARS-CoV).[6]Although 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV belong to the same sub-group of beta coronaviruses,the similarity at the genome level is only 80%,[7,8]meaning that the new virus is genetically different from SARS-CoV[Supplementary Figure 1A,http://links.lww.com/CM9/A209].Rapid discovery of the causative agent and development of diagnostic reagents demonstrated that technology has greatly improved in the 17 years since the SARS outbreak.However,no effective anti-viral medication or vaccines are available for this new virus,and many of its aspects remain to be explored.Similar to the SARS outbreak,this outbreak also occurred during the spring festival,the most important of the Chinese traditional festivals,when 3 billion people travel throughout the country.[9]This unexpectedly provides beneficial conditions for the transmission of this highly infectious disease and correspondingly poses great challenges for the prevention and control of the outbreak.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30271177 and No. 39870676 National 9th Five-year Program, No. 101033+3 种基金 Major Science and Technology Projects of Guangdong Province, No. B602 Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, No. 021903 Postdoctoral Fellowship Foundation of China (Series 29) Special Fund of Scientific Instrument Collaborative Share-net in Guangzhou. No. 2006176
文摘AIM： To use the tyrosinase minigene as a visual marker to perform microinjection training and improve the techniques related with transgene to greatly elevate the effidency of gene transfer. METHODS： A mouse tyrosinase minigene, i.e., TyBS, in which the 2.25-kb authentic genomic 5＇ non-coding flanking sequence of mouse tyrosinase was fused to a mouse tyrosinase cDNA, was introduced into the fertilized eggs of outbred Kunming albino mice. RESULTS： Of the 11 animals that developed from the injected eggs, two mice （P1 and #8） exhibited pigmented hair （P1） and eyes （P1 and #8）, as confirmed by PCR analysis for the tyrosinase minigene integrated into the genome. When founder P1 was bred to Kunming male mouse, six progeny out of 11 offspring inherited the transgene and the pigmented-eye phenotype. CONCLUSION： Taken together, these results suggest that this minigene encodes the active tyrosinase protein and that its 5＇ flanking region contains the sequences regulating the expression of mouse tyrosinase gene as expected. We have rescued the albino phenotype by introduction and expression of a functional tyrosinase minigene in the Kunming albino mouse and the transgene can be passed to subsequent generation. These findings also indicate that TyBS can be a useful visual marker gene in the co-transgenic experiments.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2018ZX10101002-001-001)National Key Research and Development Program Projects of China(No.2017YFD0500305)+3 种基金the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China(No.U1808202)NSFC International(regional)cooperation and exchange program(No.31961143024)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong province(No.2018B020241002)the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Project(No.2018B020207013)。
文摘Background:The ongoing new coronavirus pneumonia(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19)outbreak is spreading in China,but it has not yet reached its peak.Five million people emigrated from Wuhan before lockdown,potentially representing a source of virus infection.Determining case distribution and its correlation with population emigration from Wuhan in the early stage of the epidemic is of great importance for early warning and for the prevention of future outbreaks.Methods:The official case report on the COVID-19 epidemic was collected as of January 30,2020.Time and location information on COVID-19 cases was extracted and analyzed using ArcGIS and WinBUGS software.Data on population migration from Wuhan city and Hubei province were extracted from Baidu Qianxi,and their correlation with the number of cases was analyzed.Results:The COVID-19 confirmed and death cases in Hubei province accounted for 59.91%(5806/9692)and 95.77%(204/213)of the total cases in China,respectively.Hot spot provinces included Sichuan and Yunnan,which are adjacent to Hubei.The time risk of Hubei province on the following day was 1.960 times that on the previous day.The number of cases in some cities was relatively low,but the time risk appeared to be continuously rising.The correlation coefficient between the provincial number of cases and emigration from Wuhan was up to 0.943.The lockdown of 17 cities in Hubei province and the implementation of nationwide control measures efficiently prevented an exponential growth in the number of cases.Conclusions:The population that emigrated from Wuhan was the main infection source in other cities and provinces.Some cities with a low number of cases showed a rapid increase in case load.Owing to the upcoming Spring Festival return wave,understanding the risk trends in different regions is crucial to ensure preparedness at both the individual and organization levels and to prevent new outbreaks.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program Projects of China(No.2017YFD0500305)the National Key Program for Infectious Disease of China+3 种基金The authors thank the collaborators who participated in the original investigations during the 2002 to 2003 SARS outbreak.(No.2018ZX10101002-002)the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China(No.U1808202)Guangdong Province Key Area R&D Plan Project(No.2018B020241002)the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Project(No.2018B020207013)。
文摘Emerging infectious diseases represent a serious threat for human public health worldwide.[1,2]The 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)caused a pneumonia outbreak,which is spreading around the country and has affected 32 provinces and regions of China as of January 27,2020.[3,4]Countries outside China,including Japan,the United States,Thailand,and South Korea,have also reported cases imported from other countries.[5]With the joint efforts of Chinese scientists,health workers,and related departments,the pathogen causing this epidemic was quickly identified as a new type of coronavirus,10 days after the first official report.After confirming the pathogen,specific detection methods were rapidly developed,with improvement in etiological diagnosis.As of January 22,2020,it has been confirmed that the new coronavirus came from wild bats and belonged to group 2b of the beta coronavirus,which includes severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus(SARS-CoV).[6]Although 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV belong to the same sub-group of beta coronaviruses,the similarity at the genome level is only 80%,[7,8]meaning that the new virus is genetically different from SARS-CoV[Supplementary Figure 1A,http://links.lww.com/CM9/A209].Rapid discovery of the causative agent and development of diagnostic reagents demonstrated that technology has greatly improved in the 17 years since the SARS outbreak.However,no effective anti-viral medication or vaccines are available for this new virus,and many of its aspects remain to be explored.Similar to the SARS outbreak,this outbreak also occurred during the spring festival,the most important of the Chinese traditional festivals,when 3 billion people travel throughout the country.[9]This unexpectedly provides beneficial conditions for the transmission of this highly infectious disease and correspondingly poses great challenges for the prevention and control of the outbreak.
