In patients with Alzheimer’s disease,gamma-glutamyl transferase 5(GGT5)expression has been observed to be downregulated in cerebrovascular endothelial cells.However,the functional role of GGT5 in the development of A...In patients with Alzheimer’s disease,gamma-glutamyl transferase 5(GGT5)expression has been observed to be downregulated in cerebrovascular endothelial cells.However,the functional role of GGT5 in the development of Alzheimer’s disease remains unclear.This study aimed to explore the effect of GGT5 on cognitive function and brain pathology in an APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease,as well as the underlying mechanism.We observed a significant reduction in GGT5 expression in two in vitro models of Alzheimer’s disease(Aβ_(1-42)-treated hCMEC/D3 and bEnd.3 cells),as well as in the APP/PS1 mouse model.Additionally,injection of APP/PS1 mice with an adeno-associated virus encoding GGT5 enhanced hippocampal synaptic plasticity and mitigated cognitive deficits.Interestingly,increasing GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells reduced levels of both soluble and insoluble amyloid-βin the brains of APP/PS1 mice.This effect may be attributable to inhibition of the expression ofβ-site APP cleaving enzyme 1,which is mediated by nuclear factor-kappa B.Our findings demonstrate that GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is inversely associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis,and that GGT5 upregulation mitigates cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice.These findings suggest that GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
With the rapid development of drones and autonomous vehicles, miniaturized and lightweight vision sensors that can track targets are of great interests. Limited by the flat structure, conventional image sensors apply ...With the rapid development of drones and autonomous vehicles, miniaturized and lightweight vision sensors that can track targets are of great interests. Limited by the flat structure, conventional image sensors apply a large number of lenses to achieve corresponding functions, increasing the overall volume and weight of the system.展开更多
The continual demand for modern optoelectronics with a high integration degree and customized functions has increased requirements for nanofabrication methods with high resolution,freeform,and mask-free.Meniscus-on-de...The continual demand for modern optoelectronics with a high integration degree and customized functions has increased requirements for nanofabrication methods with high resolution,freeform,and mask-free.Meniscus-on-demand three-dimensional(3D)printing is a high-resolution additive manufacturing technique that exploits the ink meniscus formed on a printer nozzle and is suitable for the fabrication of micro/nanoscale 3D architectures.This method can be used for solution-processed 3D patterning of materials at a resolution of up to100 nm,which provides an excellent platform for fundamental scientific studies and various practical applications.This review presents recent advances in meniscus-on-demand 3D printing,together with historical perspectives and theoretical background on meniscus formation and stability.Moreover,this review highlights the capabilities of meniscus-on-demand 3D printing in terms of printable materials and potential areas of application,such as electronics and photonics.展开更多
Most studies of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)progression have focused on the transfer of patients within secondary or tertiary care hospitals from regular wards to intensive care units.Little is known about the r...Most studies of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)progression have focused on the transfer of patients within secondary or tertiary care hospitals from regular wards to intensive care units.Little is known about the risk factors predicting the progression to severe COVID-19 among patients in community iso-lation,who are either asymptomatic or suffer from only mild to moderate symptoms.Using a multivari-able competing risk survival analysis,we identify several important predictors of progression to severe COVID-19—rather than to recovery—among patients in the largest community isolation center in Wuhan,China from 6 February 2020(when the center opened)to 9 March 2020(when it closed).All patients in community isolation in Wuhan were either asymptomatic or suffered from mild to moderate COVID-19 symptoms.We performed competing risk survival analysis on time-to-event data from a cohort study of all COVID-19 patients(n=1753)in the isolation center.The potential predictors we inves-tigated were the routine patient data collected upon admission to the isolation center:age,sex,respira-tory symptoms,gastrointestinal symptoms,general symptoms,and computed tomography(CT)scan signs.The main outcomes were time to severe COVID-19 or recovery.The factors predicting progression to severe COVID-19 were:male sex(hazard ratio(HR)=1.29,95%confidence interval(CI)1.04–1.58,p=0.018),young and old age,dyspnea(HR=1.58,95%CI 1.24–2.01,p<0.001),and CT signs of ground-glass opacity(HR=1.39,95%CI 1.04–1.86,p=0.024)and infiltrating shadows(HR=1.84,95%CI 1.22–2.78,p=0.004).The risk of progression was found to be lower among patients with nausea or vomiting(HR=0.53,95%CI 0.30–0.96,p=0.036)and headaches(HR=0.54,95%CI 0.29–0.99,p=0.046).Our results suggest that several factors that can be easily measured even in resource-poor set-tings(dyspnea,sex,and age)can be used to identify mild COVID-19 patients who are at increased risk of disease progression.Looking for CT signs of ground-glass opacity and infiltrating shadows may be an affordable option to support triage decisions in resource-rich settings.Common and unspecific symptoms(headaches,nausea,and vomiting)are likely to have led to the identification and subsequent community isolation of COVID-19 patients who were relatively unlikely to deteriorate.Future public health and clinical guidelines should build on this evidence to improve the screening,triage,and monitoring of COVID-19 patients who are asymtomatic or suffer from mild to moderate symptoms.展开更多
As an important area of reserve land resources, the Yellow River Delta is faced with the problem of soil salinization. Grasping the characteristics of soil salinity as well as its spatial variation patterns is an impo...As an important area of reserve land resources, the Yellow River Delta is faced with the problem of soil salinization. Grasping the characteristics of soil salinity as well as its spatial variation patterns is an important foundation of prevention, control and utilization of saline soil. This study selected Kenli County of the Yellow River Delta, obtained soil salinity data through field survey and lab experiment, and used statistical, GIS interpolation and buffer analysis methods to analyze the characteristics of soil salinity and its spatial variation patterns. Our results showed that the general soil salinity in the study area was mainly moderate and there was a significant positive correlation between different soil layers of 0 - 15 cm, 15 - 30 cm and 30 - 45 cm and soil salinity increased with the increase of soil depth. The areas with high soil salinity in each soil layer mainly distributed in the east near the Bo Sea in the county, while the areas with lower soil salinity mainly distributed in the southwest, centre and the two sides of the Yellow River in the northeast. Soil salinity showed a trend of decrease with the increase in distance to the Bo Sea, while stretching from the Yellow River, it showed increase tendency with the increase in distance to the Yellow River. The order from high soil salinity to low of different vegetation types was naked land → suaeda glauca → tamarix → vervain → reed → couch grass → paddy → cotton → winter wheat → maize;the order for different geomorphic types was depression → slightly sloping ground → slow hillock → high flood land. This study preliminary delineated the characteristics of soil salinity as well as its spatial variation patterns in the study area, and provided scientific basis for soil resource sustainable utilization in the Yellow River Delta.展开更多
In order to get RS method to extract soil salinity of the Yellow River Delta, we set Kenli County as typical Yellow River Delta to be research area and get data of soil salinity through field investigation. By using R...In order to get RS method to extract soil salinity of the Yellow River Delta, we set Kenli County as typical Yellow River Delta to be research area and get data of soil salinity through field investigation. By using RS image of Landsat-8 of March 14, 2014 and analyzing information features of each band and surface spectral features of research areas, we select out sensitive bands and build Soil Salinity Information Extraction (SSIE) model and vegetation index NDVI model for comparison. And then, we accordingly classify grades of soil salinity and get soil salinity information by decision tree approach based on expert knowledge. The results show that overall accuracy of SSIE model is 93.04% and coefficient of Kappa is 0.7869, while overall accuracy of NDVI model is 83.67% and coefficient of Kappa is 0.7017 respectively. By comparing with measured proportions of each class, we see that results from SSIE model is more accurate, which indicates significant advantage for soil salinity information extraction. This research provides scientific basis to get and monitoring soil salinity of the Yellow River Delta region quickly and accurately.展开更多
Programmable Logic Controllers(PLC),core of industrial control systems,is widely used in industrial control systems.The security of PLC is the key to the security of industrial control systems.Nowadays,a large number ...Programmable Logic Controllers(PLC),core of industrial control systems,is widely used in industrial control systems.The security of PLC is the key to the security of industrial control systems.Nowadays,a large number of industrial control systems are connected to the Internet which exposes the PLC equipment to the Internet,and thus raising security concerns.First of all,we introduce the basic principle of PLC in this paper.Then we analyze the PLC code security,firmware security,network security,virus vulnerability and Modbus communication protocol by reviewing the previous related work.Finally,we make a summary of the current security protection methods.展开更多
A scheme for chaotic signal generation in a semiconductor ring laser (SRL) with optical feedback is presented. Part of the output is returned to the SRL, resulting in chaotic oscillation.
The abundance of molecules on early Earth likely enabled a wide range of prebiotic chemistry,with peptides playing a key role in the development of early life forms and the evolution of metabolic pathways.Among peptid...The abundance of molecules on early Earth likely enabled a wide range of prebiotic chemistry,with peptides playing a key role in the development of early life forms and the evolution of metabolic pathways.Among peptides,those with enzyme-like activities occupy a unique position between peptides and enzymes,combining both structural flexibility and catalytic functionality.However,their full potential remains largely untapped.Further exploration of these enzyme-like peptides at the nanoscale could provide valuable insights into modern nanotechnology,biomedicine,and even the origins of life.Hence,this review introduces the groundbreaking concept of“peptide nanozymes(PepNzymes)”,which includes single peptides exhibiting enzyme-like activities,peptide-based nanostructures with enzyme-like activities,and peptide-based nanozymes,thus enabling the investigation of biological phenomena at nanoscale dimensions.Through the rational design of enzyme-like peptides or their assembly with nanostructures and nanozymes,researchers have found or created PepNzymes capable of catalyzing a wide range of reactions.By scrutinizing the interactions between the structures and enzyme-like activities of PepNzymes,we have gained valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms governing enzyme-like activities.Generally,PepNzymes play a crucial role in biological processes by facilitating small-scale enzyme-like reactions,speeding up molecular oxidation-reduction,cleavage,and synthesis reactions,leveraging the functional properties of peptides,and creating a stable microenvironment,among other functions.These discoveries make PepNzymes useful for diagnostics,cellular imaging,antimicrobial therapy,tissue engineering,anti-tumor treatments,and more while pointing out opportunities.Overall,this research provides a significant journey of PepNzymes’potential in various biomedical applications,pushing them towards new advancements.展开更多
Organic and hybrid optoelectronics have been driving the frontiers in displays,sensing,and energy in recent decades due to their superior performance,low-cost high-yield manufacturing,and new form factor of mechanical...Organic and hybrid optoelectronics have been driving the frontiers in displays,sensing,and energy in recent decades due to their superior performance,low-cost high-yield manufacturing,and new form factor of mechanical flexibility that is promising for lightweight and wearable applications[1-3].However,the inherent vulnerability makes organic semiconductors incompatible with conventional semiconductor microfabrication,posing significant challenges in high density integration to compete with the resolution of conventional image sensors[4].展开更多
Uncertainty identification is an important semantic processing task. It is crucial to the quality of information in terms of factuality in many applications, such as topic detection and question answering. Factuality ...Uncertainty identification is an important semantic processing task. It is crucial to the quality of information in terms of factuality in many applications, such as topic detection and question answering. Factuality has become a premier concern especially in social media, in which texts are written informally. However, existing approaches that rely on lexical cues suffer greatly from the casual or word-of-mouth peculiarity of social media, in which the cue phrases are often expressed in substandard form or even omitted from sentences. To tackle these problems, this paper proposes an Attention-based Neural Framework for Uncertainty identification on social media texts, named ANFU. ANFU incorporates attention-based Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM) networks to represent the semantics of words and Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs) to capture the most important semantics. Experiments were conducted on four datasets, including 2 English benchmark datasets used in the CoNLL-2010 task of uncertainty identification and 2 Chinese datasets of Weibo and Chinese news texts. Experimental results showed that our proposed ANFU approach outperformed the-state-of-the-art on all the datasets in terms of F1 measure. More importantly, 41.37% and 13.10% improvements were achieved over the baselines on English and Chinese social media datasets, respectively, showing the particular effectiveness of ANFU on social media texts.展开更多
Grain size is a key agronomic trait that determines the yield in plants.Regulation of grain size by brassinosteroids(BRs)in rice has been widely reported.However,the relationship between the BR signaling pathway and g...Grain size is a key agronomic trait that determines the yield in plants.Regulation of grain size by brassinosteroids(BRs)in rice has been widely reported.However,the relationship between the BR signaling pathway and grain size still requires further study.Here,we isolated a rice mutant,named small grain2(sg2),which displayed smaller grain and a semi-dwarf phenotype.The decreased grain size was caused by repressed cell expansion in spikelet hulls of the sg2 mutant.Using map-based cloning combined with a Mut Map approach,we cloned SG2,which encodes a plant-specific protein with a ribonuclease H-like domain.SG2 is a positive regulator downstream of GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE2(GSK2)in response to BR signaling,and its mutation causes insensitivity to exogenous BR treatment.Genetical and biochemical analysis showed that GSK2 interacts with and phosphorylates SG2.We further found that BRs enhance the accumulation of SG2 in the nucleus,and subcellular distribution of SG2 is regulated by GSK2 kinase activity.In addition,Oryza sativa OVATE family protein 19(OsOFP19),a negative regulator of grain shape,interacts with SG2 and plays an antagonistic role with SG2 in controlling gene expression and grain size.Our results indicated that SG2 is a new component of GSK2-related BR signaling response and regulates grain size by interacting with Os OFP19.展开更多
Given a constitutive relation of the bianisotropic medium,it is not trivial to study how light interacts with the photonic bianisotropic structure due to the limited available means of studying electromagnetic propert...Given a constitutive relation of the bianisotropic medium,it is not trivial to study how light interacts with the photonic bianisotropic structure due to the limited available means of studying electromagnetic properties in bianisotropic media.In this paper,we study the electromagnetic properties of photonic bianisotropic structures using the finite element method.We prove that the vector wave equation with the presence of bianisotropic is self-adjoint under scalar inner product,we propose a balanced formulation of weak form in the practical implementation,which outperforms the standard formulation in finite element modeling.Furthermore,we benchmark our numerical results obtained from finite element simulation in three different scenarios.These are bianisotropy-dependent reflection and transmission of plane waves incident onto a bianisotropic slab,band structure of bianisotropic photonic crystals with valley-dependent phenomena,and the modal properties of bianisotropic ring resonators.The first two simulated results obtained from our modified weak form yield excellent agreements either with theoretical predictions or available data from the literature,and the modal properties in the last example,i.e.,bianisotropic ring resonators as a polarization-dependent optical insulator,are also consistent with the theoretical analyses.展开更多
基金supported by STI2030-Major Projects,No.2021ZD 0201801(to JG)Shanxi Province Basic Research Program,No.20210302123429(to QS).
文摘In patients with Alzheimer’s disease,gamma-glutamyl transferase 5(GGT5)expression has been observed to be downregulated in cerebrovascular endothelial cells.However,the functional role of GGT5 in the development of Alzheimer’s disease remains unclear.This study aimed to explore the effect of GGT5 on cognitive function and brain pathology in an APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease,as well as the underlying mechanism.We observed a significant reduction in GGT5 expression in two in vitro models of Alzheimer’s disease(Aβ_(1-42)-treated hCMEC/D3 and bEnd.3 cells),as well as in the APP/PS1 mouse model.Additionally,injection of APP/PS1 mice with an adeno-associated virus encoding GGT5 enhanced hippocampal synaptic plasticity and mitigated cognitive deficits.Interestingly,increasing GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells reduced levels of both soluble and insoluble amyloid-βin the brains of APP/PS1 mice.This effect may be attributable to inhibition of the expression ofβ-site APP cleaving enzyme 1,which is mediated by nuclear factor-kappa B.Our findings demonstrate that GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is inversely associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis,and that GGT5 upregulation mitigates cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice.These findings suggest that GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease.
文摘With the rapid development of drones and autonomous vehicles, miniaturized and lightweight vision sensors that can track targets are of great interests. Limited by the flat structure, conventional image sensors apply a large number of lenses to achieve corresponding functions, increasing the overall volume and weight of the system.
基金supported by the General Research Fund(17200222,17208919,17204020)of the Research Grants Council of Hong Kongthe National Natural Science Foundation of China/Research Grants Council Joint Research Scheme(N_HKU743/22)the Seed Fund for Basic Research(201910159047,202111159097)of the University Research Committee(URC),The University of Hong Kong。
文摘The continual demand for modern optoelectronics with a high integration degree and customized functions has increased requirements for nanofabrication methods with high resolution,freeform,and mask-free.Meniscus-on-demand three-dimensional(3D)printing is a high-resolution additive manufacturing technique that exploits the ink meniscus formed on a printer nozzle and is suitable for the fabrication of micro/nanoscale 3D architectures.This method can be used for solution-processed 3D patterning of materials at a resolution of up to100 nm,which provides an excellent platform for fundamental scientific studies and various practical applications.This review presents recent advances in meniscus-on-demand 3D printing,together with historical perspectives and theoretical background on meniscus formation and stability.Moreover,this review highlights the capabilities of meniscus-on-demand 3D printing in terms of printable materials and potential areas of application,such as electronics and photonics.
基金supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in Germany and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Project INV-006261)supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (KL2TR003143)+4 种基金supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor awardfunded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, the European Union’s Research and Innovation Programme Horizon 2020the European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP)supported by the Sino-German Center for Research Promotion (Project C-0048), which is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)
文摘Most studies of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)progression have focused on the transfer of patients within secondary or tertiary care hospitals from regular wards to intensive care units.Little is known about the risk factors predicting the progression to severe COVID-19 among patients in community iso-lation,who are either asymptomatic or suffer from only mild to moderate symptoms.Using a multivari-able competing risk survival analysis,we identify several important predictors of progression to severe COVID-19—rather than to recovery—among patients in the largest community isolation center in Wuhan,China from 6 February 2020(when the center opened)to 9 March 2020(when it closed).All patients in community isolation in Wuhan were either asymptomatic or suffered from mild to moderate COVID-19 symptoms.We performed competing risk survival analysis on time-to-event data from a cohort study of all COVID-19 patients(n=1753)in the isolation center.The potential predictors we inves-tigated were the routine patient data collected upon admission to the isolation center:age,sex,respira-tory symptoms,gastrointestinal symptoms,general symptoms,and computed tomography(CT)scan signs.The main outcomes were time to severe COVID-19 or recovery.The factors predicting progression to severe COVID-19 were:male sex(hazard ratio(HR)=1.29,95%confidence interval(CI)1.04–1.58,p=0.018),young and old age,dyspnea(HR=1.58,95%CI 1.24–2.01,p<0.001),and CT signs of ground-glass opacity(HR=1.39,95%CI 1.04–1.86,p=0.024)and infiltrating shadows(HR=1.84,95%CI 1.22–2.78,p=0.004).The risk of progression was found to be lower among patients with nausea or vomiting(HR=0.53,95%CI 0.30–0.96,p=0.036)and headaches(HR=0.54,95%CI 0.29–0.99,p=0.046).Our results suggest that several factors that can be easily measured even in resource-poor set-tings(dyspnea,sex,and age)can be used to identify mild COVID-19 patients who are at increased risk of disease progression.Looking for CT signs of ground-glass opacity and infiltrating shadows may be an affordable option to support triage decisions in resource-rich settings.Common and unspecific symptoms(headaches,nausea,and vomiting)are likely to have led to the identification and subsequent community isolation of COVID-19 patients who were relatively unlikely to deteriorate.Future public health and clinical guidelines should build on this evidence to improve the screening,triage,and monitoring of COVID-19 patients who are asymtomatic or suffer from mild to moderate symptoms.
文摘As an important area of reserve land resources, the Yellow River Delta is faced with the problem of soil salinization. Grasping the characteristics of soil salinity as well as its spatial variation patterns is an important foundation of prevention, control and utilization of saline soil. This study selected Kenli County of the Yellow River Delta, obtained soil salinity data through field survey and lab experiment, and used statistical, GIS interpolation and buffer analysis methods to analyze the characteristics of soil salinity and its spatial variation patterns. Our results showed that the general soil salinity in the study area was mainly moderate and there was a significant positive correlation between different soil layers of 0 - 15 cm, 15 - 30 cm and 30 - 45 cm and soil salinity increased with the increase of soil depth. The areas with high soil salinity in each soil layer mainly distributed in the east near the Bo Sea in the county, while the areas with lower soil salinity mainly distributed in the southwest, centre and the two sides of the Yellow River in the northeast. Soil salinity showed a trend of decrease with the increase in distance to the Bo Sea, while stretching from the Yellow River, it showed increase tendency with the increase in distance to the Yellow River. The order from high soil salinity to low of different vegetation types was naked land → suaeda glauca → tamarix → vervain → reed → couch grass → paddy → cotton → winter wheat → maize;the order for different geomorphic types was depression → slightly sloping ground → slow hillock → high flood land. This study preliminary delineated the characteristics of soil salinity as well as its spatial variation patterns in the study area, and provided scientific basis for soil resource sustainable utilization in the Yellow River Delta.
文摘In order to get RS method to extract soil salinity of the Yellow River Delta, we set Kenli County as typical Yellow River Delta to be research area and get data of soil salinity through field investigation. By using RS image of Landsat-8 of March 14, 2014 and analyzing information features of each band and surface spectral features of research areas, we select out sensitive bands and build Soil Salinity Information Extraction (SSIE) model and vegetation index NDVI model for comparison. And then, we accordingly classify grades of soil salinity and get soil salinity information by decision tree approach based on expert knowledge. The results show that overall accuracy of SSIE model is 93.04% and coefficient of Kappa is 0.7869, while overall accuracy of NDVI model is 83.67% and coefficient of Kappa is 0.7017 respectively. By comparing with measured proportions of each class, we see that results from SSIE model is more accurate, which indicates significant advantage for soil salinity information extraction. This research provides scientific basis to get and monitoring soil salinity of the Yellow River Delta region quickly and accurately.
基金This work is funded by the National Key Research and Development Plan(Grant No.2018YFB0803504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61702223,61702220,61871140,U1636215)the Opening Project of Shanghai Trusted Industrial Control Platform.
文摘Programmable Logic Controllers(PLC),core of industrial control systems,is widely used in industrial control systems.The security of PLC is the key to the security of industrial control systems.Nowadays,a large number of industrial control systems are connected to the Internet which exposes the PLC equipment to the Internet,and thus raising security concerns.First of all,we introduce the basic principle of PLC in this paper.Then we analyze the PLC code security,firmware security,network security,virus vulnerability and Modbus communication protocol by reviewing the previous related work.Finally,we make a summary of the current security protection methods.
文摘A scheme for chaotic signal generation in a semiconductor ring laser (SRL) with optical feedback is presented. Part of the output is returned to the SRL, resulting in chaotic oscillation.
基金funded by the Key Project of the Joint Fund for Regional Innovation and Development of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20686)the Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules,Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZGD-2023-03)+1 种基金the Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology,Fujian Province(2023Y9226)the Introduced High-Level Talent Team Project of Quanzhou City(2023CT008).
文摘The abundance of molecules on early Earth likely enabled a wide range of prebiotic chemistry,with peptides playing a key role in the development of early life forms and the evolution of metabolic pathways.Among peptides,those with enzyme-like activities occupy a unique position between peptides and enzymes,combining both structural flexibility and catalytic functionality.However,their full potential remains largely untapped.Further exploration of these enzyme-like peptides at the nanoscale could provide valuable insights into modern nanotechnology,biomedicine,and even the origins of life.Hence,this review introduces the groundbreaking concept of“peptide nanozymes(PepNzymes)”,which includes single peptides exhibiting enzyme-like activities,peptide-based nanostructures with enzyme-like activities,and peptide-based nanozymes,thus enabling the investigation of biological phenomena at nanoscale dimensions.Through the rational design of enzyme-like peptides or their assembly with nanostructures and nanozymes,researchers have found or created PepNzymes capable of catalyzing a wide range of reactions.By scrutinizing the interactions between the structures and enzyme-like activities of PepNzymes,we have gained valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms governing enzyme-like activities.Generally,PepNzymes play a crucial role in biological processes by facilitating small-scale enzyme-like reactions,speeding up molecular oxidation-reduction,cleavage,and synthesis reactions,leveraging the functional properties of peptides,and creating a stable microenvironment,among other functions.These discoveries make PepNzymes useful for diagnostics,cellular imaging,antimicrobial therapy,tissue engineering,anti-tumor treatments,and more while pointing out opportunities.Overall,this research provides a significant journey of PepNzymes’potential in various biomedical applications,pushing them towards new advancements.
文摘Organic and hybrid optoelectronics have been driving the frontiers in displays,sensing,and energy in recent decades due to their superior performance,low-cost high-yield manufacturing,and new form factor of mechanical flexibility that is promising for lightweight and wearable applications[1-3].However,the inherent vulnerability makes organic semiconductors incompatible with conventional semiconductor microfabrication,posing significant challenges in high density integration to compete with the resolution of conventional image sensors[4].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61502115, 61602326, U1636103, U1536207, and 61672361)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities (No. 3262019T29)the Joint Funding for Capital Universities (No. SKX182010023)
文摘Uncertainty identification is an important semantic processing task. It is crucial to the quality of information in terms of factuality in many applications, such as topic detection and question answering. Factuality has become a premier concern especially in social media, in which texts are written informally. However, existing approaches that rely on lexical cues suffer greatly from the casual or word-of-mouth peculiarity of social media, in which the cue phrases are often expressed in substandard form or even omitted from sentences. To tackle these problems, this paper proposes an Attention-based Neural Framework for Uncertainty identification on social media texts, named ANFU. ANFU incorporates attention-based Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM) networks to represent the semantics of words and Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs) to capture the most important semantics. Experiments were conducted on four datasets, including 2 English benchmark datasets used in the CoNLL-2010 task of uncertainty identification and 2 Chinese datasets of Weibo and Chinese news texts. Experimental results showed that our proposed ANFU approach outperformed the-state-of-the-art on all the datasets in terms of F1 measure. More importantly, 41.37% and 13.10% improvements were achieved over the baselines on English and Chinese social media datasets, respectively, showing the particular effectiveness of ANFU on social media texts.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Biology,Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture of China,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production,Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center and the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172024)Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX19(1002))Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,Major Project(BK20212010)。
文摘Grain size is a key agronomic trait that determines the yield in plants.Regulation of grain size by brassinosteroids(BRs)in rice has been widely reported.However,the relationship between the BR signaling pathway and grain size still requires further study.Here,we isolated a rice mutant,named small grain2(sg2),which displayed smaller grain and a semi-dwarf phenotype.The decreased grain size was caused by repressed cell expansion in spikelet hulls of the sg2 mutant.Using map-based cloning combined with a Mut Map approach,we cloned SG2,which encodes a plant-specific protein with a ribonuclease H-like domain.SG2 is a positive regulator downstream of GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE2(GSK2)in response to BR signaling,and its mutation causes insensitivity to exogenous BR treatment.Genetical and biochemical analysis showed that GSK2 interacts with and phosphorylates SG2.We further found that BRs enhance the accumulation of SG2 in the nucleus,and subcellular distribution of SG2 is regulated by GSK2 kinase activity.In addition,Oryza sativa OVATE family protein 19(OsOFP19),a negative regulator of grain shape,interacts with SG2 and plays an antagonistic role with SG2 in controlling gene expression and grain size.Our results indicated that SG2 is a new component of GSK2-related BR signaling response and regulates grain size by interacting with Os OFP19.
基金the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFB2203100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11874026).
文摘Given a constitutive relation of the bianisotropic medium,it is not trivial to study how light interacts with the photonic bianisotropic structure due to the limited available means of studying electromagnetic properties in bianisotropic media.In this paper,we study the electromagnetic properties of photonic bianisotropic structures using the finite element method.We prove that the vector wave equation with the presence of bianisotropic is self-adjoint under scalar inner product,we propose a balanced formulation of weak form in the practical implementation,which outperforms the standard formulation in finite element modeling.Furthermore,we benchmark our numerical results obtained from finite element simulation in three different scenarios.These are bianisotropy-dependent reflection and transmission of plane waves incident onto a bianisotropic slab,band structure of bianisotropic photonic crystals with valley-dependent phenomena,and the modal properties of bianisotropic ring resonators.The first two simulated results obtained from our modified weak form yield excellent agreements either with theoretical predictions or available data from the literature,and the modal properties in the last example,i.e.,bianisotropic ring resonators as a polarization-dependent optical insulator,are also consistent with the theoretical analyses.
