Understanding the causal relationship between the criminal law should start with the objective nature of behavior and then set out to determine whether there is the causal relationship between behavior and results, an...Understanding the causal relationship between the criminal law should start with the objective nature of behavior and then set out to determine whether there is the causal relationship between behavior and results, and then combine with the perpetrator＇ s subjective guilt to determine whether his conduct is harmful behavior, so as to determine the severity of his criminal responsibility. In criminal law the causal relationship between the harmful behavior and harmful results is an intrinsic, essential contact. Endangering behavior （i.e. reason） is generated with contingency; in criminal law causality itself is a dialectical unity of necessity and contingency. One should correctly distinguish causes and conditions in the cause and effect relationship; one cannot equate a causal relationship in criminal law with constituting crime and undertaking criminal responsibility. Criminal law of causality is the main content of a crime in an objective harm, which reflects the intrinsic link of the harm behavior and harm. Correctly solving the criminal law of causality is important for the solution how much criminal responsibility the armful behavior should bear.展开更多
Glioblastoma(GBM)belongs to the deadliest primary malignancies with high mortality rate and poor prognosis.Over the past decades,less progress has been made to treat GBM,owing largely to the lack of effective chemothe...Glioblastoma(GBM)belongs to the deadliest primary malignancies with high mortality rate and poor prognosis.Over the past decades,less progress has been made to treat GBM,owing largely to the lack of effective chemotherapeutics and poor drug accumulation in the glioma tissue.In order to address this issue,we present an efficient biomimetic nanocomposite(Cu_(2−x)Se-CB@MEM,CCM),consisting of Cu_(2−x)Se nanoparticle core modified by cinobufotalin(CB),a toad venom extract,which is camouflaged with glioma cell Ln229 membrane.It is demonstrated that CB can decrease the protein activity of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 1(IMPDH1),a key target correlated with prognosis,through intermolecular hydrogen bonding with amino acid residues ARG-105 and ASP-77.The glioma cell membrane-camouflage endows the CCM with blood-brain barrier penetration and homology tumor-targeted ability.The optimized cinobufotalin based chemotherapy combining with the near-infrared-II(NIR-II)irradiation shows outstanding inhibition effect to glioma cells,by blocking cell cycle and inducing apoptosis.In vivo mice bearing orthotopic Ln229 GBM treated with CCM+NIR-II(CCM+L)have significantly suppressed tumor growth and extended survival,without side effect.The glioma cell membrane camouflaged nanocomposite of Cu_(2−x)Se and cinobufotalin with its significant anti-glioma property and well biosafety will provide novel alternatives for clinical treatment of GBM.展开更多
文摘Understanding the causal relationship between the criminal law should start with the objective nature of behavior and then set out to determine whether there is the causal relationship between behavior and results, and then combine with the perpetrator＇ s subjective guilt to determine whether his conduct is harmful behavior, so as to determine the severity of his criminal responsibility. In criminal law the causal relationship between the harmful behavior and harmful results is an intrinsic, essential contact. Endangering behavior （i.e. reason） is generated with contingency; in criminal law causality itself is a dialectical unity of necessity and contingency. One should correctly distinguish causes and conditions in the cause and effect relationship; one cannot equate a causal relationship in criminal law with constituting crime and undertaking criminal responsibility. Criminal law of causality is the main content of a crime in an objective harm, which reflects the intrinsic link of the harm behavior and harm. Correctly solving the criminal law of causality is important for the solution how much criminal responsibility the armful behavior should bear.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81872064 and 82272879)the Natural Science Fund of Guangdong Province,China(No.2021A1515012465)+1 种基金Technology Program of Guangzhou(No.202206010068)Major Discipline and Academic Leader Training Program of Jiangxi Province(No.20225BCJ23001).
文摘Glioblastoma(GBM)belongs to the deadliest primary malignancies with high mortality rate and poor prognosis.Over the past decades,less progress has been made to treat GBM,owing largely to the lack of effective chemotherapeutics and poor drug accumulation in the glioma tissue.In order to address this issue,we present an efficient biomimetic nanocomposite(Cu_(2−x)Se-CB@MEM,CCM),consisting of Cu_(2−x)Se nanoparticle core modified by cinobufotalin(CB),a toad venom extract,which is camouflaged with glioma cell Ln229 membrane.It is demonstrated that CB can decrease the protein activity of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 1(IMPDH1),a key target correlated with prognosis,through intermolecular hydrogen bonding with amino acid residues ARG-105 and ASP-77.The glioma cell membrane-camouflage endows the CCM with blood-brain barrier penetration and homology tumor-targeted ability.The optimized cinobufotalin based chemotherapy combining with the near-infrared-II(NIR-II)irradiation shows outstanding inhibition effect to glioma cells,by blocking cell cycle and inducing apoptosis.In vivo mice bearing orthotopic Ln229 GBM treated with CCM+NIR-II(CCM+L)have significantly suppressed tumor growth and extended survival,without side effect.The glioma cell membrane camouflaged nanocomposite of Cu_(2−x)Se and cinobufotalin with its significant anti-glioma property and well biosafety will provide novel alternatives for clinical treatment of GBM.
