Bio-photoelectrochemical cells(BPECs)can further expand the use of conventional biofuel cells for renewable energy,but the poor stability of the photoelectrode still hinders their practical application.Herein,a BPEC c...Bio-photoelectrochemical cells(BPECs)can further expand the use of conventional biofuel cells for renewable energy,but the poor stability of the photoelectrode still hinders their practical application.Herein,a BPEC capable of long-term operating in a fuel-free model is fabricated by WO3-xphotoanode with oxygen vacancy(Ov)and bilirubin oxidase catalyzed biocathode.The construction of Ov on the WO3surface significantly suppresses the dissolution of W species into the electrolyte,and improves the charge separation efficiency and the reaction kinetics during the photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution process,thus enhancing the stability and power output performance of the BPEC.As a result,the assembled BPEC can output an open circuit voltage of 0.81 V and deliver a maximum output power of up to 283μW cm^(-2).Impressively,the BPECs maintain 97%of their original power after 36000 s of consecutive discharge under an enclosed environment.This fuel-free BPEC based on a robust WO3-xphotoanode shows excellent promise for accurate application.展开更多
Iron-rich electrolytic manganese residue(IREMR)is an industrial waste produced during the processing of electrolytic metal manganese,and it contains certain amounts of Fe and Mn resources and other heavy metals.In thi...Iron-rich electrolytic manganese residue(IREMR)is an industrial waste produced during the processing of electrolytic metal manganese,and it contains certain amounts of Fe and Mn resources and other heavy metals.In this study,the slurry electrolysis technique was used to recover high-purity Fe powder from IREMR.The effects of IREMR and H2SO4 mass ratio,current density,reaction temper-ature,and electrolytic time on the leaching and current efficiencies of Fe were studied.According to the results,high-purity Fe powder can be recovered from the cathode plate,and the slurry electrolyte can be recycled.The leaching efficiency,current efficiency,and purity of Fe reached 92.58%,80.65%,and 98.72wt%,respectively,at a 1:2.5 mass ratio of H2SO4 and IREMR,reaction temperature of 60℃,electric current density of 30 mA/cm^(2),and reaction time of 8 h.In addition,vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM)analysis showed that the coercivity of electrolytic iron powder was 54.5 A/m,which reached the advanced magnetic grade of electrical pure-iron powder(DT4A coercivity standard).The slurry electrolytic method provides fundamental support for the industrial application of Fe resource recovery in IRMER.展开更多
In order to improve the detonation characteristics of RDX,a RDX-based composite explosive with TiH_(2)powders was prepared.The effects of content and particle size of TiH_(2)powders on thermal safety,shock wave parame...In order to improve the detonation characteristics of RDX,a RDX-based composite explosive with TiH_(2)powders was prepared.The effects of content and particle size of TiH_(2)powders on thermal safety,shock wave parameters and thermal damage effects of RDX-based composite explosive were studied with the C80 microcalorimeter,air blast experiment system and colorimetric thermometry method.Experimental results showed that TiH_(2)powders could enhance the thermal stability of RDX-based composite explosive and increase its ultimate decomposition heat.The content and particle size of TiH_(2)powders also had significant effects on the thermal safety,detonation velocity,shock wave parameters,fireball temperature and duration of RDX-based composite explosives.Furthermore,the differences of TiH_(2)and Ti powders on the detonation energy output rules of RDX-based composite explosives were also compared,showing that TiH_(2)powders had better influences on improving the explosion power and thermal damage effect of RDX-based composite explosives than Ti powders,for the participation of free H_(2)released by TiH_(2)powders in the detonation process.TiH_(2)powders have important research values as a novel energetic additive in the field of military composite explosives.展开更多
Interpreting experimental diagnostics data in tokamaks,while considering non-ideal effects,is challenging due to the complexity of plasmas.To address this challenge,a general synthetic diagnostics(GSD)platform has bee...Interpreting experimental diagnostics data in tokamaks,while considering non-ideal effects,is challenging due to the complexity of plasmas.To address this challenge,a general synthetic diagnostics(GSD)platform has been established that facilitates microwave imaging reflectometry and electron cyclotron emission imaging.This platform utilizes plasma profiles as input and incorporates the finite-difference time domain,ray tracing and the radiative transfer equation to calculate the propagation of plasma spontaneous radiation and the external electromagnetic field in plasmas.Benchmark tests for classical cases have been conducted to verify the accuracy of every core module in the GSD platform.Finally,2D imaging of a typical electron temperature distribution is reproduced by this platform and the results are consistent with the given real experimental data.This platform also has the potential to be extended to 3D electromagnetic field simulations and other microwave diagnostics such as cross-polarization scattering.展开更多
Organ-on-a-chip systems have been increasingly recognized as attractive platforms to assess toxicity and to develop new therapeutic agents.However,current organ-on-a-chip platforms are limited by a“single pot”design...Organ-on-a-chip systems have been increasingly recognized as attractive platforms to assess toxicity and to develop new therapeutic agents.However,current organ-on-a-chip platforms are limited by a“single pot”design,which inevitably requires holistic analysis and limits parallel processing.Here,we developed a digital organ-on-a-chip by combining a microwell array with cellular microspheres,which significantly increased the parallelism over traditional organ-on-a-chip for drug development.Up to 127 uniform liver cancer microspheres in this digital organ-on-a-chip format served as individual analytical units,allowing for analysis with high consistency and quick response.Our platform displayed evident anti-cancer efficacy at a concentration of 10μM for sorafenib,and had greater alignment than the“single pot”organ-on-a-chip with a previous in vivo study.In addition,this digital organ-on-a-chip demonstrated the treatment efficacy of natural killer cell-derived extracellular vesicles for liver cancer at 50μg/mL.The successful development of this digital organ-on-a-chip platform provides high-parallelism and a low-variability analytical tool for toxicity assessment and the exploration of new anticancer modalities,thereby accelerating the joint endeavor to combat cancer.展开更多
The P-type update law has been the mainstream technique used in iterative learning control(ILC)systems,which resembles linear feedback control with asymptotical convergence.In recent years,finite-time control strategi...The P-type update law has been the mainstream technique used in iterative learning control(ILC)systems,which resembles linear feedback control with asymptotical convergence.In recent years,finite-time control strategies such as terminal sliding mode control have been shown to be effective in ramping up convergence speed by introducing fractional power with feedback.In this paper,we show that such mechanism can equally ramp up the learning speed in ILC systems.We first propose a fractional power update rule for ILC of single-input-single-output linear systems.A nonlinear error dynamics is constructed along the iteration axis to illustrate the evolutionary converging process.Using the nonlinear mapping approach,fast convergence towards the limit cycles of tracking errors inherently existing in ILC systems is proven.The limit cycles are shown to be tunable to determine the steady states.Numerical simulations are provided to verify the theoretical results.展开更多
Constructing interfaces in heterostructures is effective for modulating the electronic properties of electrocatalysts.The hollow CoMoO_(4)-Co_(3)O_(4) heterostructure(HCMCH)was prepared as a bifunctional electrocataly...Constructing interfaces in heterostructures is effective for modulating the electronic properties of electrocatalysts.The hollow CoMoO_(4)-Co_(3)O_(4) heterostructure(HCMCH)was prepared as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for Li-O_(2) battery.The different components in CoMoO_(4)-Co_(3)O_(4) heterostructure presented the efficient coupling and enhanced the electrocatalytic activity for aprotic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),in which it improved the obviously reduced overpotential of 300 mV(compared with the pure Ketjen black(KB)electrode),enhanced reversibility of 80%capacity retention after 6 full cycles and the superior cyclability of more than 200 cycles with an optimized strategy.The battery performance of the HCMCH was not only associated with the unique hollow structure and rich active sites but also with coupling interface constructions synergetic effects attaching to the improving conductivity and optimized the discharge conversion.These results suggested that this HCMCH electrocatalyst was a promising candidate for the Li-O_(2) battery and it gave a novel insight for high performance electrocatalyst designing.展开更多
With the in-depth application of new technologies such as big data in education fields,the storage and sharing model of student education records data still faces many challenges in terms of privacy protection and eff...With the in-depth application of new technologies such as big data in education fields,the storage and sharing model of student education records data still faces many challenges in terms of privacy protection and efficient transmission.In this paper,we propose a data security storage and sharing scheme based on consortium blockchain,which is a credible search scheme without verification.In our scheme,the implementation of data security storage is using the blockchain and storage server together.In detail,the smart contract provides protection for data keywords,the storage server stores data after data masking,and the blockchain ensures the traceability of query transactions.The need for precise privacy data is achieved by constructing a dictionary.Cryptographic techniques such as AES and RSA are used for encrypted storage of data,keywords,and digital signatures.Security analysis and performance evaluation shows that the availability,high efficiency,and privacy-preserving can be achieved.Meanwhile,this scheme has better robustness compared to other educational records data sharing models.展开更多
Judiciously engineering the electrocatalysts is attractive and challenging to exploit materials with high electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction.Herein,we successfully perform the interface engin...Judiciously engineering the electrocatalysts is attractive and challenging to exploit materials with high electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction.Herein,we successfully perform the interface engineering by alternately depositing Co±P and Ni±Fe±P films on nickel foam,via facile electroless plating and de-alloying process.This work shows that there is a significant effect of de-alloying process on alloy growth.The electronic structure of layered alloys is improved by interface engineering.The multilayer strategy significantly promotes the charge transfer.Importantly,the Co±P/Ni±Fe±P/NF electrode fabricated by interface engineering exhibits excellent electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity with an overpotential of 43.4 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)and long-term durability for 72 h in alkaline medium(1 mol L^(-1)KOH).The innovative strategy of this work may aid further development of commercial electrocatalysts.展开更多
In order to discuss the role of MYB gene in capsaicine synthesis process,one CcMYB gene was cloned from Capsicum chinense Jacq. by RT-PCR. Its cDNA has a total length of 1 038 bp,and was speculated to code 345 amino a...In order to discuss the role of MYB gene in capsaicine synthesis process,one CcMYB gene was cloned from Capsicum chinense Jacq. by RT-PCR. Its cDNA has a total length of 1 038 bp,and was speculated to code 345 amino acids,comprising an complete open reading frame. The isoelectric point is 8. 57,and the molecular weight is 38. 2 KD. The protein is a neutral hydrophobin without transmembrane structure. There are two MYBDNA domains at the N terminal. The fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that CcMYB gene was expressed in all the root,stem,leaf,flower,placenta and fruit tissue of pepper,and the expression level was the highest in fruit; and CcM YB was expressed in fruit at the highest level at turning stage,and at the second highest level at expansion stage,which accords with the expression profile of pun1 gene in fruit development period. It is speculated that CcMYB gene plays an important role in the regulation of capsaicine synthesis in C. chinense fruit.展开更多
The risk of emerging infectious diseases(EID)is increasing globally.More than 60%of EIDs worldwide are caused by animal-borne pathogens.This study aimed to characterize the virome,analyze the phylogenetic evolution,an...The risk of emerging infectious diseases(EID)is increasing globally.More than 60%of EIDs worldwide are caused by animal-borne pathogens.This study aimed to characterize the virome,analyze the phylogenetic evolution,and determine the diversity of rodent-borne viruses in Hainan Province,China.We collected 682 anal and throat samples from rodents,combined them into 28 pools according to their species and location,and processed them for next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.The diverse viral contigs closely related to mammals were assigned to 22 viral families.Molecular clues of the important rodent-borne viruses were further identified by polymerase chain reaction for phylogenetic analysis and annotation of genetic characteristics such as arenavirus,coronavirus,astrovirus,pestivirus,parvovirus,and papillomavirus.We identified pestivirus and bocavirus in Leopoldoms edwardsi from Huangjinjiaoling,and bocavirus in Rattus andamanensis from the national nature reserves of Bangxi with low amino acid identity to known pathogens are proposed as the novel species,and their rodent hosts have not been previously reported to carry these viruses.These results expand our knowledge of viral classification and host range and suggest that there are highly diverse,undiscovered viruses that have evolved independently in their unique wildlife hosts in inaccessible areas.展开更多
Herein,a novel visible-light-responsive photocatalyst with high efficiency was firstly synthesized at room temperature.The mild synthetic method resulted in a uniform spherical triazine-based covalent organic framewor...Herein,a novel visible-light-responsive photocatalyst with high efficiency was firstly synthesized at room temperature.The mild synthetic method resulted in a uniform spherical triazine-based covalent organic framework(TrCOF2)with ultra-high specific surface area as well as chemical stability.Due to the synergistic effect between the self-assembled uniform spherical structure and the abundant triazine-based structure,photoelectron–hole pairs were efficiently separated and migrated on the catalysts.On this basis,TrCOF2 was successfully applied to efficiently degrade bisphenol A(BPA).More than 98%of BPA was deraded after 60 min of visible light treatment,where the active specie of•O_(2)^(−)played a vital role during the degradation of BPA.The holes of TrCOF2 could produce O_(2)by direct reaction with water or hydroxide ions.Simultaneously,photoelectrons can be captured by O_(2)to generate•O_(2)^(−).Moreover,density functional theory(DFT)calculations proved the outstanding ability of the exciting electronic conductivity.Remarkably,a reasonable photocatalytic mechanism for TrCOF2 catalysts was proposed.This research can provide a facile strategy for the synthesis of TrCOFs catalysts at room temperature,which unfolds broad application prospects in the environmental field.展开更多
The bundle structure formed perpendicular to the scratching direction is a type of wear-induced structure for thermoplastics.In this study,the formation mechanism of bundle structures on polycarbonate(PC)surfaces is i...The bundle structure formed perpendicular to the scratching direction is a type of wear-induced structure for thermoplastics.In this study,the formation mechanism of bundle structures on polycarbonate(PC)surfaces is investigated by reciprocal scratching experiments.Based on the analysis of the morphologies,friction forces,and height signals,the formation of the bundle structure is reproduced.The influence of scratching parameters,including the feed value and scratching direction,on the formation of the bundle structure is also studied.It is found that the bundle structure is accumulated by the continuous stacking of the sample materials plowed by the tip in stick–slip motion,and that the stick–slip behavior is enhanced with increased scratching times.This work reproduces the formation process of bundle structure in experiments for the first time and demonstrates that the stick–slip enhancement mechanism exists in the reciprocal scratching process,providing further insight into the friction behavior of polymers.展开更多
To the Editor:Vitiligo is a chronic disease that impacts many aspects of a patient’s life.The prevalence of vitiligo has been increasing,and currently involves up to 0.5%to 2%of all races worldwide.[1]Although this c...To the Editor:Vitiligo is a chronic disease that impacts many aspects of a patient’s life.The prevalence of vitiligo has been increasing,and currently involves up to 0.5%to 2%of all races worldwide.[1]Although this condition very rarely produces any direct physical discomfort,the cosmetic problems and disfiguring appearance resulting from the depigmented lesions severely affect the quality of life(QoL)in these individuals.展开更多
To the Editor:Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is the leading cause of the end-stage renal disease nowadays.[1]The etiology of DKD is complex and remains largely unknown.[2]A genome-wide association study showed that a com...To the Editor:Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is the leading cause of the end-stage renal disease nowadays.[1]The etiology of DKD is complex and remains largely unknown.[2]A genome-wide association study showed that a common missense variant in COL4A3,rs55703767,played a protective role in DKD in type 1 diabetes mellitus in Europeans,and this effect depended on blood glucose levels.[3]However,data from type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are insufficient.展开更多
To remain competitive,proteobacteria use various contact-dependent weapon systems to defend against microbial com-petitors.The bacterial-killing type IV secretion system(T4SS)is one such powerful weapon.It commonly co...To remain competitive,proteobacteria use various contact-dependent weapon systems to defend against microbial com-petitors.The bacterial-killing type IV secretion system(T4SS)is one such powerful weapon.It commonly controls the killing/competition between species by secreting the lethal T4SS effector(T4E)proteins carrying conserved XVIPCD domains into competing cells.In this study,we sought knowledge to understand whether the bacterial-killing T4SS-producing bacteria encode T4E-like proteins and further explore their biological functions.To achieve this,we designed a T4E-guided approach to discover T4E-like proteins that are designated as atypical T4Es.Initially,this approach required scientists to perform simple BlastP search to identify T4E homologs that lack the XVIPCD domain in the genomes of T4SS-producing bacteria.These homologous genes were then screened in Escherichia coli to identify antibacterial candidates(atypical T4Es)and their neighboring detoxification proteins,followed by testing their gene cotranscription and validating their physical interactions.Using this approach,we did discover two atypical T4E proteins from the plant-beneficial Lysobacter enzymogenes and the phytopathogen Xanthomonas citri.We also provided substantial evidence to show that the atypical T4E protein Le1637-mediated bacterial defense in interspecies interactions between L.enzymogenes and its competitors.Therefore,the newly designed T4E-guided approach holds promise for detecting functional atypical T4E proteins in bacterial cells.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81871506 and 81301345)。
文摘Bio-photoelectrochemical cells(BPECs)can further expand the use of conventional biofuel cells for renewable energy,but the poor stability of the photoelectrode still hinders their practical application.Herein,a BPEC capable of long-term operating in a fuel-free model is fabricated by WO3-xphotoanode with oxygen vacancy(Ov)and bilirubin oxidase catalyzed biocathode.The construction of Ov on the WO3surface significantly suppresses the dissolution of W species into the electrolyte,and improves the charge separation efficiency and the reaction kinetics during the photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution process,thus enhancing the stability and power output performance of the BPEC.As a result,the assembled BPEC can output an open circuit voltage of 0.81 V and deliver a maximum output power of up to 283μW cm^(-2).Impressively,the BPECs maintain 97%of their original power after 36000 s of consecutive discharge under an enclosed environment.This fuel-free BPEC based on a robust WO3-xphotoanode shows excellent promise for accurate application.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Guangxi Province,China (No.AB23075174)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52174386)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Sichuan Province,China (No.2022YFS0459).
文摘Iron-rich electrolytic manganese residue(IREMR)is an industrial waste produced during the processing of electrolytic metal manganese,and it contains certain amounts of Fe and Mn resources and other heavy metals.In this study,the slurry electrolysis technique was used to recover high-purity Fe powder from IREMR.The effects of IREMR and H2SO4 mass ratio,current density,reaction temper-ature,and electrolytic time on the leaching and current efficiencies of Fe were studied.According to the results,high-purity Fe powder can be recovered from the cathode plate,and the slurry electrolyte can be recycled.The leaching efficiency,current efficiency,and purity of Fe reached 92.58%,80.65%,and 98.72wt%,respectively,at a 1:2.5 mass ratio of H2SO4 and IREMR,reaction temperature of 60℃,electric current density of 30 mA/cm^(2),and reaction time of 8 h.In addition,vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM)analysis showed that the coercivity of electrolytic iron powder was 54.5 A/m,which reached the advanced magnetic grade of electrical pure-iron powder(DT4A coercivity standard).The slurry electrolytic method provides fundamental support for the industrial application of Fe resource recovery in IRMER.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11972046,12272001)the Outstanding Youth Project of Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(Grant No.2108085Y02)+1 种基金Anhui University of Science and Technology Postgraduate Innovation Fund(Grant No.2022CX2108)the authors would like to thank these foundations for the financial supports.
文摘In order to improve the detonation characteristics of RDX,a RDX-based composite explosive with TiH_(2)powders was prepared.The effects of content and particle size of TiH_(2)powders on thermal safety,shock wave parameters and thermal damage effects of RDX-based composite explosive were studied with the C80 microcalorimeter,air blast experiment system and colorimetric thermometry method.Experimental results showed that TiH_(2)powders could enhance the thermal stability of RDX-based composite explosive and increase its ultimate decomposition heat.The content and particle size of TiH_(2)powders also had significant effects on the thermal safety,detonation velocity,shock wave parameters,fireball temperature and duration of RDX-based composite explosives.Furthermore,the differences of TiH_(2)and Ti powders on the detonation energy output rules of RDX-based composite explosives were also compared,showing that TiH_(2)powders had better influences on improving the explosion power and thermal damage effect of RDX-based composite explosives than Ti powders,for the participation of free H_(2)released by TiH_(2)powders in the detonation process.TiH_(2)powders have important research values as a novel energetic additive in the field of military composite explosives.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Energy Program of China(No.2019YFE03020001)the Collaborative Innovation Program of Hefei Science Center,CAS(No.2021HSC-CIP010)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Interpreting experimental diagnostics data in tokamaks,while considering non-ideal effects,is challenging due to the complexity of plasmas.To address this challenge,a general synthetic diagnostics(GSD)platform has been established that facilitates microwave imaging reflectometry and electron cyclotron emission imaging.This platform utilizes plasma profiles as input and incorporates the finite-difference time domain,ray tracing and the radiative transfer equation to calculate the propagation of plasma spontaneous radiation and the external electromagnetic field in plasmas.Benchmark tests for classical cases have been conducted to verify the accuracy of every core module in the GSD platform.Finally,2D imaging of a typical electron temperature distribution is reproduced by this platform and the results are consistent with the given real experimental data.This platform also has the potential to be extended to 3D electromagnetic field simulations and other microwave diagnostics such as cross-polarization scattering.
基金supports from the General Program (No. 31871016)the National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Projects (No. 61827806) from the National Natural Science Foundation of China+3 种基金the National Major Science and Technology Projects (No. 2018ZX10732401-003-007)the National Key Research and Development Program (No. 2016YFC1101302) from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81770719)Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province (No. 2019C03029)
文摘Organ-on-a-chip systems have been increasingly recognized as attractive platforms to assess toxicity and to develop new therapeutic agents.However,current organ-on-a-chip platforms are limited by a“single pot”design,which inevitably requires holistic analysis and limits parallel processing.Here,we developed a digital organ-on-a-chip by combining a microwell array with cellular microspheres,which significantly increased the parallelism over traditional organ-on-a-chip for drug development.Up to 127 uniform liver cancer microspheres in this digital organ-on-a-chip format served as individual analytical units,allowing for analysis with high consistency and quick response.Our platform displayed evident anti-cancer efficacy at a concentration of 10μM for sorafenib,and had greater alignment than the“single pot”organ-on-a-chip with a previous in vivo study.In addition,this digital organ-on-a-chip demonstrated the treatment efficacy of natural killer cell-derived extracellular vesicles for liver cancer at 50μg/mL.The successful development of this digital organ-on-a-chip platform provides high-parallelism and a low-variability analytical tool for toxicity assessment and the exploration of new anticancer modalities,thereby accelerating the joint endeavor to combat cancer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62173333)Australian Research Council Discovery Program(DP200101199)。
文摘The P-type update law has been the mainstream technique used in iterative learning control(ILC)systems,which resembles linear feedback control with asymptotical convergence.In recent years,finite-time control strategies such as terminal sliding mode control have been shown to be effective in ramping up convergence speed by introducing fractional power with feedback.In this paper,we show that such mechanism can equally ramp up the learning speed in ILC systems.We first propose a fractional power update rule for ILC of single-input-single-output linear systems.A nonlinear error dynamics is constructed along the iteration axis to illustrate the evolutionary converging process.Using the nonlinear mapping approach,fast convergence towards the limit cycles of tracking errors inherently existing in ILC systems is proven.The limit cycles are shown to be tunable to determine the steady states.Numerical simulations are provided to verify the theoretical results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22271018,12304037)Talent introduction and scientific research funds of Beijing Normal University(No.310432107)Interdisciplinary Research Foundation for Doctoral Candidates of Beijing Normal University(No.BNUXKJC2216).
文摘Constructing interfaces in heterostructures is effective for modulating the electronic properties of electrocatalysts.The hollow CoMoO_(4)-Co_(3)O_(4) heterostructure(HCMCH)was prepared as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for Li-O_(2) battery.The different components in CoMoO_(4)-Co_(3)O_(4) heterostructure presented the efficient coupling and enhanced the electrocatalytic activity for aprotic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),in which it improved the obviously reduced overpotential of 300 mV(compared with the pure Ketjen black(KB)electrode),enhanced reversibility of 80%capacity retention after 6 full cycles and the superior cyclability of more than 200 cycles with an optimized strategy.The battery performance of the HCMCH was not only associated with the unique hollow structure and rich active sites but also with coupling interface constructions synergetic effects attaching to the improving conductivity and optimized the discharge conversion.These results suggested that this HCMCH electrocatalyst was a promising candidate for the Li-O_(2) battery and it gave a novel insight for high performance electrocatalyst designing.
基金The research work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan in China(Grant No.2020YFB1005500)Key Project Plan of Blockchain in Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China(Grant No.2020KJ010802)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(Grant No.M21034).
文摘With the in-depth application of new technologies such as big data in education fields,the storage and sharing model of student education records data still faces many challenges in terms of privacy protection and efficient transmission.In this paper,we propose a data security storage and sharing scheme based on consortium blockchain,which is a credible search scheme without verification.In our scheme,the implementation of data security storage is using the blockchain and storage server together.In detail,the smart contract provides protection for data keywords,the storage server stores data after data masking,and the blockchain ensures the traceability of query transactions.The need for precise privacy data is achieved by constructing a dictionary.Cryptographic techniques such as AES and RSA are used for encrypted storage of data,keywords,and digital signatures.Security analysis and performance evaluation shows that the availability,high efficiency,and privacy-preserving can be achieved.Meanwhile,this scheme has better robustness compared to other educational records data sharing models.
基金financially supported by the Taishan scholar foundation of Shandong(ts201712046)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51672145)
文摘Judiciously engineering the electrocatalysts is attractive and challenging to exploit materials with high electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction.Herein,we successfully perform the interface engineering by alternately depositing Co±P and Ni±Fe±P films on nickel foam,via facile electroless plating and de-alloying process.This work shows that there is a significant effect of de-alloying process on alloy growth.The electronic structure of layered alloys is improved by interface engineering.The multilayer strategy significantly promotes the charge transfer.Importantly,the Co±P/Ni±Fe±P/NF electrode fabricated by interface engineering exhibits excellent electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity with an overpotential of 43.4 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)and long-term durability for 72 h in alkaline medium(1 mol L^(-1)KOH).The innovative strategy of this work may aid further development of commercial electrocatalysts.
基金Supported by College Students'Innovation Fund of Jilin University(2017A82372)
文摘In order to discuss the role of MYB gene in capsaicine synthesis process,one CcMYB gene was cloned from Capsicum chinense Jacq. by RT-PCR. Its cDNA has a total length of 1 038 bp,and was speculated to code 345 amino acids,comprising an complete open reading frame. The isoelectric point is 8. 57,and the molecular weight is 38. 2 KD. The protein is a neutral hydrophobin without transmembrane structure. There are two MYBDNA domains at the N terminal. The fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that CcMYB gene was expressed in all the root,stem,leaf,flower,placenta and fruit tissue of pepper,and the expression level was the highest in fruit; and CcM YB was expressed in fruit at the highest level at turning stage,and at the second highest level at expansion stage,which accords with the expression profile of pun1 gene in fruit development period. It is speculated that CcMYB gene plays an important role in the regulation of capsaicine synthesis in C. chinense fruit.
基金This work was supported by Key Research and Development Plan of Hainan Province(No.ZDYF2020150,and ZDYF2022SHFZ085)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32060015,81860367 and 82060378)+7 种基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(grant 2021-I2M-1-037,Grant No.2021-I2M-1-039)the Major Science and Technology Program of Hainan Province(No.ZDKJ202003)the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.820RC628 and 2019RC218)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0210300)the Scientific Research Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Hainan Province,China(No.Hnky2021-40)the Research Project of the Hainan Academician Innovation Platform(No.YSPTZX202004)the Hainan Talent Development Project(No.SRC200003)Graduate student innovation grant of Hainan Medical University(No.HYYS2020-33,Hys2020-360,Hys2020-376 and Qhys2021-356)。
文摘The risk of emerging infectious diseases(EID)is increasing globally.More than 60%of EIDs worldwide are caused by animal-borne pathogens.This study aimed to characterize the virome,analyze the phylogenetic evolution,and determine the diversity of rodent-borne viruses in Hainan Province,China.We collected 682 anal and throat samples from rodents,combined them into 28 pools according to their species and location,and processed them for next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.The diverse viral contigs closely related to mammals were assigned to 22 viral families.Molecular clues of the important rodent-borne viruses were further identified by polymerase chain reaction for phylogenetic analysis and annotation of genetic characteristics such as arenavirus,coronavirus,astrovirus,pestivirus,parvovirus,and papillomavirus.We identified pestivirus and bocavirus in Leopoldoms edwardsi from Huangjinjiaoling,and bocavirus in Rattus andamanensis from the national nature reserves of Bangxi with low amino acid identity to known pathogens are proposed as the novel species,and their rodent hosts have not been previously reported to carry these viruses.These results expand our knowledge of viral classification and host range and suggest that there are highly diverse,undiscovered viruses that have evolved independently in their unique wildlife hosts in inaccessible areas.
基金Environmental Protection Department of Hubei Province(No.2017HB04)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan(No.CUG170102).
文摘Herein,a novel visible-light-responsive photocatalyst with high efficiency was firstly synthesized at room temperature.The mild synthetic method resulted in a uniform spherical triazine-based covalent organic framework(TrCOF2)with ultra-high specific surface area as well as chemical stability.Due to the synergistic effect between the self-assembled uniform spherical structure and the abundant triazine-based structure,photoelectron–hole pairs were efficiently separated and migrated on the catalysts.On this basis,TrCOF2 was successfully applied to efficiently degrade bisphenol A(BPA).More than 98%of BPA was deraded after 60 min of visible light treatment,where the active specie of•O_(2)^(−)played a vital role during the degradation of BPA.The holes of TrCOF2 could produce O_(2)by direct reaction with water or hydroxide ions.Simultaneously,photoelectrons can be captured by O_(2)to generate•O_(2)^(−).Moreover,density functional theory(DFT)calculations proved the outstanding ability of the exciting electronic conductivity.Remarkably,a reasonable photocatalytic mechanism for TrCOF2 catalysts was proposed.This research can provide a facile strategy for the synthesis of TrCOFs catalysts at room temperature,which unfolds broad application prospects in the environmental field.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial supports of the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(YQ2020E015)Science and Technology Based for Equipment Design and Manufacturing for Introduction Talents of Discipline to Universities 2.0 of the 111 Project(BP0719002)+2 种基金Self-planned Task of State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems,Harbin Institute of Technology(SKLRS202001C)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(YESS20200155)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRFCU5710050521 and FRFCU5710091220).
文摘The bundle structure formed perpendicular to the scratching direction is a type of wear-induced structure for thermoplastics.In this study,the formation mechanism of bundle structures on polycarbonate(PC)surfaces is investigated by reciprocal scratching experiments.Based on the analysis of the morphologies,friction forces,and height signals,the formation of the bundle structure is reproduced.The influence of scratching parameters,including the feed value and scratching direction,on the formation of the bundle structure is also studied.It is found that the bundle structure is accumulated by the continuous stacking of the sample materials plowed by the tip in stick–slip motion,and that the stick–slip behavior is enhanced with increased scratching times.This work reproduces the formation process of bundle structure in experiments for the first time and demonstrates that the stick–slip enhancement mechanism exists in the reciprocal scratching process,providing further insight into the friction behavior of polymers.
基金supported by Capulin(Beijing Sanheli Cosmetics Technology Co.,Ltd.).
文摘To the Editor:Vitiligo is a chronic disease that impacts many aspects of a patient’s life.The prevalence of vitiligo has been increasing,and currently involves up to 0.5%to 2%of all races worldwide.[1]Although this condition very rarely produces any direct physical discomfort,the cosmetic problems and disfiguring appearance resulting from the depigmented lesions severely affect the quality of life(QoL)in these individuals.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82090020,No.82090021,and No.82070748)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2019-I2M-5-046)the China International Medical Foundation-Renal Anemia Fund.
文摘To the Editor:Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is the leading cause of the end-stage renal disease nowadays.[1]The etiology of DKD is complex and remains largely unknown.[2]A genome-wide association study showed that a common missense variant in COL4A3,rs55703767,played a protective role in DKD in type 1 diabetes mellitus in Europeans,and this effect depended on blood glucose levels.[3]However,data from type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are insufficient.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20486,32072470 to G.Q.)the Natural Key Research and Development Program(2022YFD1400200 to G.Q.)+1 种基金Science and Technology project of Shanxi Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation(KJ‐2022‐04)the Jiangsu University advantage discipline construction project(80900246 to X.S.)。
文摘To remain competitive,proteobacteria use various contact-dependent weapon systems to defend against microbial com-petitors.The bacterial-killing type IV secretion system(T4SS)is one such powerful weapon.It commonly controls the killing/competition between species by secreting the lethal T4SS effector(T4E)proteins carrying conserved XVIPCD domains into competing cells.In this study,we sought knowledge to understand whether the bacterial-killing T4SS-producing bacteria encode T4E-like proteins and further explore their biological functions.To achieve this,we designed a T4E-guided approach to discover T4E-like proteins that are designated as atypical T4Es.Initially,this approach required scientists to perform simple BlastP search to identify T4E homologs that lack the XVIPCD domain in the genomes of T4SS-producing bacteria.These homologous genes were then screened in Escherichia coli to identify antibacterial candidates(atypical T4Es)and their neighboring detoxification proteins,followed by testing their gene cotranscription and validating their physical interactions.Using this approach,we did discover two atypical T4E proteins from the plant-beneficial Lysobacter enzymogenes and the phytopathogen Xanthomonas citri.We also provided substantial evidence to show that the atypical T4E protein Le1637-mediated bacterial defense in interspecies interactions between L.enzymogenes and its competitors.Therefore,the newly designed T4E-guided approach holds promise for detecting functional atypical T4E proteins in bacterial cells.
