Controlling intracranial pressure,nerve cell regeneration,and microenvironment regulation are the key issues in reducing mortality and disability in acute brain injury.There is currently a lack of effective treatment ...Controlling intracranial pressure,nerve cell regeneration,and microenvironment regulation are the key issues in reducing mortality and disability in acute brain injury.There is currently a lack of effective treatment methods.Hibernation has the characteristics of low temperature,low metabolism,and hibernation rhythm,as well as protective effects on the nervous,cardiovascular,and motor systems.Artificial hibernation technology is a new technology that can effectively treat acute brain injury by altering the body’s metabolism,lowering the body’s core temperature,and allowing the body to enter a state similar to hibernation.This review introduces artificial hibernation technology,including mild hypothermia treatment technology,central nervous system regulation technology,and artificial hibernation-inducer technology.Upon summarizing the relevant research on artificial hibernation technology in acute brain injury,the research results show that artificial hibernation technology has neuroprotective,anti-inflammatory,and oxidative stress-resistance effects,indicating that it has therapeutic significance in acute brain injury.Furthermore,artificial hibernation technology can alleviate the damage of ischemic stroke,traumatic brain injury,cerebral hemorrhage,cerebral infarction,and other diseases,providing new strategies for treating acute brain injury.However,artificial hibernation technology is currently in its infancy and has some complications,such as electrolyte imbalance and coagulation disorders,which limit its use.Further research is needed for its clinical application.展开更多
Garnet solid electrolytes are one of the most promising electrolytes for solid-state batteries.However,Li_(2)CO_(3) is a critical issue that hinders the practical application of garnet-based solid-state lithium-ion ba...Garnet solid electrolytes are one of the most promising electrolytes for solid-state batteries.However,Li_(2)CO_(3) is a critical issue that hinders the practical application of garnet-based solid-state lithium-ion batteries.There are two sources of Li_(2)CO_(3) contamination.The main one is the aging of garnet electrolytes in the atmosphere.Garnet electrolytes can react with H_(2)O and CO_(2) in the air to form Li_(2)CO_(3),which reduces ion conductivity,increases electrode/garnet electrolyte interface resistance,and deteriorates the electrochemical performance of the battery.Various strategies,such as elemental doping,grain boundary manipulation,and interface engineering,have been suggested to address these issues.The other is the passivation layer(Li_(2)CO_(3),Li_3N,LiOH,Li_(2)O) formed on the surface of the lithium foil after long-term storage,which is ignored by most researchers.To better understand the current strategies and future trends to address the Li_(2)CO_(3) problem,this perspective provides a systematic review of journals published in this field from 2020-2023.展开更多
logical testing model and resource lifecycle information,generate test cases and complete parameters,and alleviate inconsistency issues through parameter inference.Once again,we propose a method of analyzing test resu...logical testing model and resource lifecycle information,generate test cases and complete parameters,and alleviate inconsistency issues through parameter inference.Once again,we propose a method of analyzing test results using joint state codes and call stack information,which compensates for the shortcomings of traditional analysis methods.We will apply our method to testing REST services,including OpenStack,an open source cloud operating platform for experimental evaluation.We have found a series of inconsistencies,known vulnerabilities,and new unknown logical defects.展开更多
In the original publication of the article,the affiliation“College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,People’s Republic of China”for author Ziqi Wang was missing and i...In the original publication of the article,the affiliation“College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,People’s Republic of China”for author Ziqi Wang was missing and included in this correction article.展开更多
Aqueous Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors(ZHSs)are increasingly being studied as a novel electrochemical energy storage system with prominent electrochemical performance,high safety and low cost.Herein,high-energy and ant...Aqueous Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors(ZHSs)are increasingly being studied as a novel electrochemical energy storage system with prominent electrochemical performance,high safety and low cost.Herein,high-energy and anti-self-discharge ZHSs are realized based on the fibrous carbon cathodes with hierarchically porous surface and O/N heteroatom functional groups.Hierarchically porous surface of the fabricated free-standing fibrous carbon cathodes not only provides abundant active sites for divalent ion storage,but also optimizes ion transport kinetics.Consequently,the cathodes show a high gravimetric capacity of 156 mAh g^(−1),superior rate capability(79 mAh g^(−1)with a very short charge/discharge time of 14 s)and exceptional cycling stability.Meanwhile,hierarchical pore structure and suitable surface functional groups of the cathodes endow ZHSs with a high energy density of 127 Wh kg−1,a high power density of 15.3 kW kg^(−1)and good anti-self-discharge performance.Mechanism investigation reveals that ZHS electrochemistry involves cation adsorption/desorption and Zn_(4)SO_(4)(OH)_(6)·5H_(2)O formation/dissolution at low voltage and anion adsorption/desorption at high voltage on carbon cathodes.The roles of these reactions in energy storage of ZHSs are elucidated.This work not only paves a way for high-performance cathode materials of ZHSs,but also provides a deeper understanding of ZHS electrochemistry.展开更多
Owing to the merits of low cost,high safety and environmental benignity,rechargeable aqueous Zn-based batteries(ZBs)have gained tremendous attention in recent years.Nevertheless,the poor reversibility of Zn anodes tha...Owing to the merits of low cost,high safety and environmental benignity,rechargeable aqueous Zn-based batteries(ZBs)have gained tremendous attention in recent years.Nevertheless,the poor reversibility of Zn anodes that originates from dendrite growth,surface passivation and corrosion,severely hinders the further development of ZBs.To tackle these issues,here we report a Janus separator based on a Zn-ion conductive metal-organic framework(MOF)and reduced graphene oxide(rGO),which is able to regulate uniform Zn2+flux and electron conduction simultaneously during battery operation.Facilitated by the MOF/rGO bifunctional interlayers,the Zn anodes demonstrate stable plating/stripping behavior(over 500 h at 1 mA cm^(−2)),high Coulombic efficiency(99.2%at 2 mA cm^(−2) after 100 cycles)and reduced redox barrier.Moreover,it is also found that the Zn corrosion can be effectively retarded through diminishing the potential discrepancy on Zn surface.Such a separator engineering also saliently promotes the overall performance of Zn|MnO2 full cells,which deliver nearly 100%capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 4 A g^(−1) and high power density over 10 kW kg^(−1).This work provides a feasible route to the high-performance Zn anodes for ZBs.展开更多
A wearable force-feedback glove is a promising way to enhance the immersive sensation when a user interacts with virtual objects in virtual reality scenarios.Design challenges for such a glove include allowing a large...A wearable force-feedback glove is a promising way to enhance the immersive sensation when a user interacts with virtual objects in virtual reality scenarios.Design challenges for such a glove include allowing a large fingertip workspace,providing a desired force sensation when simulating both free-and constrained-space interactions,and ensuring a lightweight structure.In this paper,we present a forcefeedback glove using a pneumatically actuated mechanism mounted on the dorsal side of the user’s hand.By means of a triple kinematic paired link with a curved sliding slot,a hybrid cam-linkage mechanism is proposed to transmit the resistance from the pneumatic piston rod to the fingertip.In order to obtain a large normal component of the feedback force on the user’s fingertip,the profile of the sliding slot was synthesized through an analysis of the force equilibrium on the triple kinematic paired link.A prototype five-fingered glove with a mass of 245 g was developed,and a wearable force-measurement system was constructed to permit the quantitative evaluation of the interaction performance in both free and constrained space.The experimental results confirm that the glove can achieve an average resistance of less than 0.1 N in free-space simulation and a maximum fingertip force of 4 N in constrained-space simulation.The experiment further confirms that this glove permits the finger to move freely to simulate typical grasping gestures.展开更多
Atmospheric escape is an essential process that affects the evolution of the proto-atmosphere.The atmospheric escape of early terrestrial planets was extremely rapid compared with the current scenarios,and the main at...Atmospheric escape is an essential process that affects the evolution of the proto-atmosphere.The atmospheric escape of early terrestrial planets was extremely rapid compared with the current scenarios,and the main atmospheric escape modes were also quite different.During the dissipation of the nebula disk,the primordial atmosphere experienced a brief but violent"boiling"escape,in which most of the primordial atmosphere was lost.After the nebula disk dissipates,hydrodynamic escape and impact erosion are the two most important mass-loss mechanisms for the proto-atmosphere.Hydrodynamic escape is a rapid atmospheric escape process caused by strong solar radiation,while impact erosion refers to the process in which small-large or giant impacts erode the proto-atmosphere.In the early solar system,there were other escape mechanisms,such as non-thermodynamic escape and Jeans escape,but it is generally believed that these mechanisms have relatively little impact.Here we systematically introduce the above-mentioned atmospheric escape mechanisms and then make some suggestions for the existing problems and future research for atmospheric escape models.展开更多
The incineration technology of kitchen waste is one of the effective technologies to achieve the resource utilization of municipal solid waste.Pyrolysis is an important stage of incineration.Indole is a rich initial p...The incineration technology of kitchen waste is one of the effective technologies to achieve the resource utilization of municipal solid waste.Pyrolysis is an important stage of incineration.Indole is a rich initial product in the pyrolysis process of kitchen waste,and the presence of H_(2)O has a significant impact on the decomposition of indole to form NO_(x) precursors.Therefore,this study uses density functional theory method to study the effect of H_(2)O on the thermal decomposition of indole to produce NH_(3),HNCO,and HCN.When H_(2)O participates in the reaction,it can provide oxidative groups to generate a new product HNCO,which is different from the previous findings by indole pyrolysis without the presence of H_(2)O.Meanwhile,this study theoretically proves that NH_(3) is easier to form than HCN.This is consistent with the phenomenon that NH_(3) release is higher than HCN release in pyrolysis experiment.In addition,compared with the individual pyrolysis of indole,the participation of H_(2)O reduces the energy barriers for the formation of NH_(3) and HCN during indole pyrolysis,thereby promoting the formation of NH_(3) and HCN.展开更多
Cancer stem cells(CSCs),a small subset of cells in tumors that are characterized by self-renewal and continuous proliferation,lead to tumorigenesis,metastasis,and maintain tumor heterogeneity.Cancer continues to be a ...Cancer stem cells(CSCs),a small subset of cells in tumors that are characterized by self-renewal and continuous proliferation,lead to tumorigenesis,metastasis,and maintain tumor heterogeneity.Cancer continues to be a significant global disease burden.In the past,surgery,radiotherapy,and chemotherapy were the main cancer treatments.The technology of cancer treatments continues to develop and advance,and the emergence of targeted therapy,and immunotherapy provides more options for patients to a certain extent.However,the limitations of efficacy and treatment resistance are still inevitable.Our review begins with a brief introduction of the historical discoveries,original hypotheses,and pathways that regulate CSCs,such as WNT/β-Catenin,hedgehog,Notch,NFkB,JAK/STAT,TGF-β,PI3K/AKT,PPAR pathway,and their crosstalk.We focus on the role of CSCs in various therapeutic outcomes and resistance,including how the treatments affect the content of CSCs and the alteration of related molecules,CSCs-mediated therapeutic resistance,and the clinical value of targeting CSCs in patients with refractory,progressed or advanced tumors.In summary,CSCs affect therapeutic efficacy,and the treatment method of targeting CSCs is stll difficult to determine.Clarifying regulatory mechanisms and targeting biomarkers of CSCs is currently the mainstream idea.展开更多
The widespread use of feed additives in intensive and large-scale pig farming has resulted in high levels of heavy metals in pig manure.The long-term application of organic fertilizers containing high levels of heavy ...The widespread use of feed additives in intensive and large-scale pig farming has resulted in high levels of heavy metals in pig manure.The long-term application of organic fertilizers containing high levels of heavy metals leads to the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil,which not only causes heavy metal pollution in the soil,and also affect food safety and endanger human health.Composting is an economical and effective technical measures to achieve environmentally-sustainable treatment of pig manure and is a practical method to reduce the problem of heavy metals and to improve the resource value of pig manure.The composting process is accompanied by high temperatures and the production and emission of gases,and also lead to changes in the nitrogen content of the compost and provide opportunity for heavy metal passivation additives.This paper summarizes the forms and types of heavy metals present in pig manure and reviews the progress of research as well as the techniques and problems of in the composting process,and provides recommendations for research on heavy metal passivation and nitrogen retention in pig manure composting.展开更多
Male infertility is a complex reproductive disorder that impedes a huge number of couples from having children naturally in the world(Agarwal et al.,2021).As an important pathogenic factor of male infertility,spermato...Male infertility is a complex reproductive disorder that impedes a huge number of couples from having children naturally in the world(Agarwal et al.,2021).As an important pathogenic factor of male infertility,spermatogenic impairments are mainly characterized by impaired male gamete production,reduced sperm quality,or function(Tournaye et al.,2017).Spermatogenesis is a delicate and complex biological process that requires the collaboration of a large number of proteins performing different biological functions(Liu et al.,2021).展开更多
Mechano-luminescence(ML) has been found diverse applications such as stress sensing,3-D signature,energy harvesting,and anti-counterfeiting,due to the unique properties of the corresponding ML phosphors performing in-...Mechano-luminescence(ML) has been found diverse applications such as stress sensing,3-D signature,energy harvesting,and anti-counterfeiting,due to the unique properties of the corresponding ML phosphors performing in-situ and real-time response to mechanical stimulus.Trap-controlled ML materials realize reproducible,quantitative mechano-optical conversion resulting from the released carriers for the trap-mediated charge storage and release.Herein,modulating traps matters the controllable ML behavior for their promising applications.In this work,a deep trap distributed ranging from 0.9 to 1,3 eV is realized consecutively for the introduction of Sm^(3+)ions into LaGaO_(3) matrix,which contributes to the red emission at 600 nm under mechanical stimuli.Moreover,tunable ML emission modulated from 600to 545 nm is successfully achieved for the codopant of Tb^(3+)ions.It is unambiguously indicated that the released carriers from the trap sharing rather than an additional constructed trap contribute to the modulated ML color.Accordingly,multi-mode anti-counterfeiting and encryption are achieved with the as-explored Sm^(3+),Tb^(3+)co-activated ML phosphor.展开更多
The garnet-type electrolyte is one of the most promising solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)due to its high ionic conductivity(σ)and wide electrochemical window.However,such electrolyte generates lithium carbonate(Li_(2)C...The garnet-type electrolyte is one of the most promising solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)due to its high ionic conductivity(σ)and wide electrochemical window.However,such electrolyte generates lithium carbonate(Li_(2)CO_(3))in air,leading to an increase in impedance,which greatly limits their practical applications.In turn,high-entropy ceramics(HECs)can improve phase stability due to high-entropy effect.Herein,high-entropy garnet(HEG)Li_(6.2)La_(3)(Zr_(0.2)Hf_(0.2)Ti_(0.2)Nb_(0.2)Ta_(0.2))_(2)O_(12)(LL(ZrHfTiNbTa)O)SSEs were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method.X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)characterizations indicated that the LL(ZrHfTiNbTa)O electrolyte has excellent air stability.Room-temperature conductivity of LL(ZrHfTiNbTa)O can be maintained at~1.42×10^(-4)S/cm after exposure to air for 2 months.Single-element-doped garnets were synthesized to explain the role of different elements and the mechanism of air stabilization.In addition,a lithium(Li)/LL(ZrHfTiNbTa)O/Li symmetric cell cycle is stable over 600 h,and the critical current density(CCD)is 1.24 mA/cm^(2),indicating remarkable stability of the Li/LL(ZrHfTiNbTa)O interface.Moreover,the LiFePO_(4)/LL(ZrHfTiNbTa)O/Li cell shows excellent rate performance at 30℃.These results suggest that HECs can be one of the strategies for improving the performance of SSEs in the future due to their unique effects.展开更多
To the Editor:Transthoracic needle aspiration(TTNA)and bronchoscopy have been the preferred methods for the sampling of pulmonary nodules suspected of lung cancer.However,despite having a higher diagnostic accuracy,TT...To the Editor:Transthoracic needle aspiration(TTNA)and bronchoscopy have been the preferred methods for the sampling of pulmonary nodules suspected of lung cancer.However,despite having a higher diagnostic accuracy,TTNA has been associated with a high rate of pneumothorax.Moreover,conventional bronchoscopy with a low rate of pneumothorax has exhibited a low diagnostic yield for peripheral pulmonary nodules,particularly for nodules<2 cm in size or those without a bronchus leading directly to them.Thus,Herth et al[1]developed a novel bronchoscopy technique called bronchoscopic transparenchymal nodule access(BTPNA)under the guidance of Archimedes Virtual Bronchoscopic Navigation(VBN)System for the purpose of accessing pulmonary nodules using a transparenchymal approach without relying on the airway to approach the lesion.Here,we systematically reviewed evidence regarding BTPNA to provide general guidance on the safe implementation and development of this novel approach.展开更多
We would here like to present a treatment experience of an interesting case of hepatoid adenocarcinoma(HAC),which is a very rare clinical malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract.A 58-year-old male was admitted to our...We would here like to present a treatment experience of an interesting case of hepatoid adenocarcinoma(HAC),which is a very rare clinical malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract.A 58-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with intermittent hematochezia for 1 month.A computed tomography(CT)of the abdomen revealed the thickened anterior wall and nodules of the middle rectum,the lumen of which was narrowed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Defense Science and Technology Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project,No.2021-JCJQ-ZQ-035National Defense Innovation Special Zone Project,No.21-163-12-ZT-006-002-13Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.11932013(all to XuC).
文摘Controlling intracranial pressure,nerve cell regeneration,and microenvironment regulation are the key issues in reducing mortality and disability in acute brain injury.There is currently a lack of effective treatment methods.Hibernation has the characteristics of low temperature,low metabolism,and hibernation rhythm,as well as protective effects on the nervous,cardiovascular,and motor systems.Artificial hibernation technology is a new technology that can effectively treat acute brain injury by altering the body’s metabolism,lowering the body’s core temperature,and allowing the body to enter a state similar to hibernation.This review introduces artificial hibernation technology,including mild hypothermia treatment technology,central nervous system regulation technology,and artificial hibernation-inducer technology.Upon summarizing the relevant research on artificial hibernation technology in acute brain injury,the research results show that artificial hibernation technology has neuroprotective,anti-inflammatory,and oxidative stress-resistance effects,indicating that it has therapeutic significance in acute brain injury.Furthermore,artificial hibernation technology can alleviate the damage of ischemic stroke,traumatic brain injury,cerebral hemorrhage,cerebral infarction,and other diseases,providing new strategies for treating acute brain injury.However,artificial hibernation technology is currently in its infancy and has some complications,such as electrolyte imbalance and coagulation disorders,which limit its use.Further research is needed for its clinical application.
基金funded by The Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Special Fund Projects(Grant No.YDZJSX2022B003)the Shanxi Province Science and Technology Major Projects(Grant No.202101120401008)。
文摘Garnet solid electrolytes are one of the most promising electrolytes for solid-state batteries.However,Li_(2)CO_(3) is a critical issue that hinders the practical application of garnet-based solid-state lithium-ion batteries.There are two sources of Li_(2)CO_(3) contamination.The main one is the aging of garnet electrolytes in the atmosphere.Garnet electrolytes can react with H_(2)O and CO_(2) in the air to form Li_(2)CO_(3),which reduces ion conductivity,increases electrode/garnet electrolyte interface resistance,and deteriorates the electrochemical performance of the battery.Various strategies,such as elemental doping,grain boundary manipulation,and interface engineering,have been suggested to address these issues.The other is the passivation layer(Li_(2)CO_(3),Li_3N,LiOH,Li_(2)O) formed on the surface of the lithium foil after long-term storage,which is ignored by most researchers.To better understand the current strategies and future trends to address the Li_(2)CO_(3) problem,this perspective provides a systematic review of journals published in this field from 2020-2023.
文摘logical testing model and resource lifecycle information,generate test cases and complete parameters,and alleviate inconsistency issues through parameter inference.Once again,we propose a method of analyzing test results using joint state codes and call stack information,which compensates for the shortcomings of traditional analysis methods.We will apply our method to testing REST services,including OpenStack,an open source cloud operating platform for experimental evaluation.We have found a series of inconsistencies,known vulnerabilities,and new unknown logical defects.
文摘In the original publication of the article,the affiliation“College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,People’s Republic of China”for author Ziqi Wang was missing and included in this correction article.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52002149)Shenzhen Technical Plan Projects(Nos.JC201105201100A and JCYJ20160301154114273)for financial support.
文摘Aqueous Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors(ZHSs)are increasingly being studied as a novel electrochemical energy storage system with prominent electrochemical performance,high safety and low cost.Herein,high-energy and anti-self-discharge ZHSs are realized based on the fibrous carbon cathodes with hierarchically porous surface and O/N heteroatom functional groups.Hierarchically porous surface of the fabricated free-standing fibrous carbon cathodes not only provides abundant active sites for divalent ion storage,but also optimizes ion transport kinetics.Consequently,the cathodes show a high gravimetric capacity of 156 mAh g^(−1),superior rate capability(79 mAh g^(−1)with a very short charge/discharge time of 14 s)and exceptional cycling stability.Meanwhile,hierarchical pore structure and suitable surface functional groups of the cathodes endow ZHSs with a high energy density of 127 Wh kg−1,a high power density of 15.3 kW kg^(−1)and good anti-self-discharge performance.Mechanism investigation reveals that ZHS electrochemistry involves cation adsorption/desorption and Zn_(4)SO_(4)(OH)_(6)·5H_(2)O formation/dissolution at low voltage and anion adsorption/desorption at high voltage on carbon cathodes.The roles of these reactions in energy storage of ZHSs are elucidated.This work not only paves a way for high-performance cathode materials of ZHSs,but also provides a deeper understanding of ZHS electrochemistry.
基金This work was financially supported by Hong Kong Innovation&Technology Fund(ITS/031/18)National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFB0700600)+1 种基金Soft Science Research Project of Guangdong Province(2017B030301013)Shenzhen Science and Technology Research Grant(ZDSYS201707281026184).
文摘Owing to the merits of low cost,high safety and environmental benignity,rechargeable aqueous Zn-based batteries(ZBs)have gained tremendous attention in recent years.Nevertheless,the poor reversibility of Zn anodes that originates from dendrite growth,surface passivation and corrosion,severely hinders the further development of ZBs.To tackle these issues,here we report a Janus separator based on a Zn-ion conductive metal-organic framework(MOF)and reduced graphene oxide(rGO),which is able to regulate uniform Zn2+flux and electron conduction simultaneously during battery operation.Facilitated by the MOF/rGO bifunctional interlayers,the Zn anodes demonstrate stable plating/stripping behavior(over 500 h at 1 mA cm^(−2)),high Coulombic efficiency(99.2%at 2 mA cm^(−2) after 100 cycles)and reduced redox barrier.Moreover,it is also found that the Zn corrosion can be effectively retarded through diminishing the potential discrepancy on Zn surface.Such a separator engineering also saliently promotes the overall performance of Zn|MnO2 full cells,which deliver nearly 100%capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 4 A g^(−1) and high power density over 10 kW kg^(−1).This work provides a feasible route to the high-performance Zn anodes for ZBs.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFB1001200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61572055 and 61633004).
文摘A wearable force-feedback glove is a promising way to enhance the immersive sensation when a user interacts with virtual objects in virtual reality scenarios.Design challenges for such a glove include allowing a large fingertip workspace,providing a desired force sensation when simulating both free-and constrained-space interactions,and ensuring a lightweight structure.In this paper,we present a forcefeedback glove using a pneumatically actuated mechanism mounted on the dorsal side of the user’s hand.By means of a triple kinematic paired link with a curved sliding slot,a hybrid cam-linkage mechanism is proposed to transmit the resistance from the pneumatic piston rod to the fingertip.In order to obtain a large normal component of the feedback force on the user’s fingertip,the profile of the sliding slot was synthesized through an analysis of the force equilibrium on the triple kinematic paired link.A prototype five-fingered glove with a mass of 245 g was developed,and a wearable force-measurement system was constructed to permit the quantitative evaluation of the interaction performance in both free and constrained space.The experimental results confirm that the glove can achieve an average resistance of less than 0.1 N in free-space simulation and a maximum fingertip force of 4 N in constrained-space simulation.The experiment further confirms that this glove permits the finger to move freely to simulate typical grasping gestures.
基金supported by National Science Foundation(41973063)Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of CAS(XDB18010100,XDB41000000)+1 种基金Pre-research Project of Civil Aerospace Technologies(D020202)Chinese National Space Administration and Chinese NSF Projects(41903019,41530210)。
文摘Atmospheric escape is an essential process that affects the evolution of the proto-atmosphere.The atmospheric escape of early terrestrial planets was extremely rapid compared with the current scenarios,and the main atmospheric escape modes were also quite different.During the dissipation of the nebula disk,the primordial atmosphere experienced a brief but violent"boiling"escape,in which most of the primordial atmosphere was lost.After the nebula disk dissipates,hydrodynamic escape and impact erosion are the two most important mass-loss mechanisms for the proto-atmosphere.Hydrodynamic escape is a rapid atmospheric escape process caused by strong solar radiation,while impact erosion refers to the process in which small-large or giant impacts erode the proto-atmosphere.In the early solar system,there were other escape mechanisms,such as non-thermodynamic escape and Jeans escape,but it is generally believed that these mechanisms have relatively little impact.Here we systematically introduce the above-mentioned atmospheric escape mechanisms and then make some suggestions for the existing problems and future research for atmospheric escape models.
基金We gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171592,32061123005,and 31270476)in funding this researchThis work in the design of the study and collection of data was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52276127 and 51704194)Youth Scientific Research Team Cultivation Program of Shanghai University of Engineering and Technology (Grant No.QNTD202101).
文摘The incineration technology of kitchen waste is one of the effective technologies to achieve the resource utilization of municipal solid waste.Pyrolysis is an important stage of incineration.Indole is a rich initial product in the pyrolysis process of kitchen waste,and the presence of H_(2)O has a significant impact on the decomposition of indole to form NO_(x) precursors.Therefore,this study uses density functional theory method to study the effect of H_(2)O on the thermal decomposition of indole to produce NH_(3),HNCO,and HCN.When H_(2)O participates in the reaction,it can provide oxidative groups to generate a new product HNCO,which is different from the previous findings by indole pyrolysis without the presence of H_(2)O.Meanwhile,this study theoretically proves that NH_(3) is easier to form than HCN.This is consistent with the phenomenon that NH_(3) release is higher than HCN release in pyrolysis experiment.In addition,compared with the individual pyrolysis of indole,the participation of H_(2)O reduces the energy barriers for the formation of NH_(3) and HCN during indole pyrolysis,thereby promoting the formation of NH_(3) and HCN.
基金This work was supported by Advanced Lung Cancer Targeted Therapy Research Foundation of China(CTONG-YC20210303)Chen Xiao-Ping Foundation for the Development of Science and Technology of Hubei Province(CXPJJH121005-01)+2 种基金National Multidisciplinary Cooperative Diagnosis and Treatment Capacity(lung cancer z027002)Health Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission(W20242005)Postdoctoral Fellowship Programof CPSF(GZC20233187).
文摘Cancer stem cells(CSCs),a small subset of cells in tumors that are characterized by self-renewal and continuous proliferation,lead to tumorigenesis,metastasis,and maintain tumor heterogeneity.Cancer continues to be a significant global disease burden.In the past,surgery,radiotherapy,and chemotherapy were the main cancer treatments.The technology of cancer treatments continues to develop and advance,and the emergence of targeted therapy,and immunotherapy provides more options for patients to a certain extent.However,the limitations of efficacy and treatment resistance are still inevitable.Our review begins with a brief introduction of the historical discoveries,original hypotheses,and pathways that regulate CSCs,such as WNT/β-Catenin,hedgehog,Notch,NFkB,JAK/STAT,TGF-β,PI3K/AKT,PPAR pathway,and their crosstalk.We focus on the role of CSCs in various therapeutic outcomes and resistance,including how the treatments affect the content of CSCs and the alteration of related molecules,CSCs-mediated therapeutic resistance,and the clinical value of targeting CSCs in patients with refractory,progressed or advanced tumors.In summary,CSCs affect therapeutic efficacy,and the treatment method of targeting CSCs is stll difficult to determine.Clarifying regulatory mechanisms and targeting biomarkers of CSCs is currently the mainstream idea.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFE0127000)Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Province(2022ZDLNY02-09)+1 种基金China Agriculture Research System(CARS-23-C-05)Postdoctoral Foundation of the Shaanxi Province(2018BSHEDZZ20)
文摘The widespread use of feed additives in intensive and large-scale pig farming has resulted in high levels of heavy metals in pig manure.The long-term application of organic fertilizers containing high levels of heavy metals leads to the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil,which not only causes heavy metal pollution in the soil,and also affect food safety and endanger human health.Composting is an economical and effective technical measures to achieve environmentally-sustainable treatment of pig manure and is a practical method to reduce the problem of heavy metals and to improve the resource value of pig manure.The composting process is accompanied by high temperatures and the production and emission of gases,and also lead to changes in the nitrogen content of the compost and provide opportunity for heavy metal passivation additives.This paper summarizes the forms and types of heavy metals present in pig manure and reviews the progress of research as well as the techniques and problems of in the composting process,and provides recommendations for research on heavy metal passivation and nitrogen retention in pig manure composting.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2701400 and 2021YFC2700901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32100480,82171607,and 81971441)+4 种基金the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2017SHZDZX01)the Scientific Research(TP202002)from Anhui Medical Universitythe China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020TQ0072)the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019PT310002)supported by Shanghai Municipal Commission for Science and Technology Grants(19411951800)。
文摘Male infertility is a complex reproductive disorder that impedes a huge number of couples from having children naturally in the world(Agarwal et al.,2021).As an important pathogenic factor of male infertility,spermatogenic impairments are mainly characterized by impaired male gamete production,reduced sperm quality,or function(Tournaye et al.,2017).Spermatogenesis is a delicate and complex biological process that requires the collaboration of a large number of proteins performing different biological functions(Liu et al.,2021).
基金Project supported by the Yunnan Provincial Natural Science Foundation (202101AT070126)the Research Start-up Fund of Chengdu University of Technology (10912-KYQD2020-08476)+1 种基金Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry,Advanced Materials (KF202103)Sichuan Natural Science Foundation (2022YFH0108,2022JDJQ0030)。
文摘Mechano-luminescence(ML) has been found diverse applications such as stress sensing,3-D signature,energy harvesting,and anti-counterfeiting,due to the unique properties of the corresponding ML phosphors performing in-situ and real-time response to mechanical stimulus.Trap-controlled ML materials realize reproducible,quantitative mechano-optical conversion resulting from the released carriers for the trap-mediated charge storage and release.Herein,modulating traps matters the controllable ML behavior for their promising applications.In this work,a deep trap distributed ranging from 0.9 to 1,3 eV is realized consecutively for the introduction of Sm^(3+)ions into LaGaO_(3) matrix,which contributes to the red emission at 600 nm under mechanical stimuli.Moreover,tunable ML emission modulated from 600to 545 nm is successfully achieved for the codopant of Tb^(3+)ions.It is unambiguously indicated that the released carriers from the trap sharing rather than an additional constructed trap contribute to the modulated ML color.Accordingly,multi-mode anti-counterfeiting and encryption are achieved with the as-explored Sm^(3+),Tb^(3+)co-activated ML phosphor.
基金funded by the Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Special Fund Projects(Grant No.YDZJSX2022B003)the Shanxi Province Science and Technology Major Projects(Grant No.202101120401008)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Project of Shanxi Province(Grant No.202102030201006)Science and Technology Activities of Overseas Students Merit-based Funding Projects of Shanxi Province(Grant No.2021037).
文摘The garnet-type electrolyte is one of the most promising solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)due to its high ionic conductivity(σ)and wide electrochemical window.However,such electrolyte generates lithium carbonate(Li_(2)CO_(3))in air,leading to an increase in impedance,which greatly limits their practical applications.In turn,high-entropy ceramics(HECs)can improve phase stability due to high-entropy effect.Herein,high-entropy garnet(HEG)Li_(6.2)La_(3)(Zr_(0.2)Hf_(0.2)Ti_(0.2)Nb_(0.2)Ta_(0.2))_(2)O_(12)(LL(ZrHfTiNbTa)O)SSEs were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method.X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)characterizations indicated that the LL(ZrHfTiNbTa)O electrolyte has excellent air stability.Room-temperature conductivity of LL(ZrHfTiNbTa)O can be maintained at~1.42×10^(-4)S/cm after exposure to air for 2 months.Single-element-doped garnets were synthesized to explain the role of different elements and the mechanism of air stabilization.In addition,a lithium(Li)/LL(ZrHfTiNbTa)O/Li symmetric cell cycle is stable over 600 h,and the critical current density(CCD)is 1.24 mA/cm^(2),indicating remarkable stability of the Li/LL(ZrHfTiNbTa)O interface.Moreover,the LiFePO_(4)/LL(ZrHfTiNbTa)O/Li cell shows excellent rate performance at 30℃.These results suggest that HECs can be one of the strategies for improving the performance of SSEs in the future due to their unique effects.
文摘To the Editor:Transthoracic needle aspiration(TTNA)and bronchoscopy have been the preferred methods for the sampling of pulmonary nodules suspected of lung cancer.However,despite having a higher diagnostic accuracy,TTNA has been associated with a high rate of pneumothorax.Moreover,conventional bronchoscopy with a low rate of pneumothorax has exhibited a low diagnostic yield for peripheral pulmonary nodules,particularly for nodules<2 cm in size or those without a bronchus leading directly to them.Thus,Herth et al[1]developed a novel bronchoscopy technique called bronchoscopic transparenchymal nodule access(BTPNA)under the guidance of Archimedes Virtual Bronchoscopic Navigation(VBN)System for the purpose of accessing pulmonary nodules using a transparenchymal approach without relying on the airway to approach the lesion.Here,we systematically reviewed evidence regarding BTPNA to provide general guidance on the safe implementation and development of this novel approach.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province (No.20200201014JC)the Finance Department Health Special Project of Jilin Province (No.3D5204921429).
文摘We would here like to present a treatment experience of an interesting case of hepatoid adenocarcinoma(HAC),which is a very rare clinical malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract.A 58-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with intermittent hematochezia for 1 month.A computed tomography(CT)of the abdomen revealed the thickened anterior wall and nodules of the middle rectum,the lumen of which was narrowed.
