The Northeast Pacific coastal ocean, as a typical river-influenced coastal upwelling system, is characterized by significant variability of sea surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (</span><i><spa...The Northeast Pacific coastal ocean, as a typical river-influenced coastal upwelling system, is characterized by significant variability of sea surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, <200 to >1000</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">μ</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">atm). This study reviewed the </span><a name="_Hlk76571454"></a><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> variability and its underlying controlling mechanism in this highly dynamic region by bringing together previous scientific findings and historical data. The large </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> variability reflects the complex interactions between physical processes (riverine input and coastal upwelling) and the biological </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">responses to the nutrient transportation associated with these physical</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> processes, while temperature and air-sea gas exchange play a minor role in affecting </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Both the river water and upwelled subsurface water are characterized by higher concentrations of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and nutrients when compared to the coastal surface water. The presence of high chlorophyll-a and low </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in river plumes and areas adjacent to upwelling locations showed the intense biological CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> uptake. The influences of riverine input and coastal upwelling thus mainly depend on the competing effect of high background </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of river water and upwelled subsurface water vs. the biological dropdown of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> resulting from the riverine- and upwelling-associated nutrient supplies. The strength of upwelling-favorable wind plays an important role in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> variability by affecting the intensity of coastal upwelling, with stronger wind speed causing more intense upwelling. The long-term </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> increasing rate in the Northeast Pacific coast is observed to be lower than that in the North Pacific open ocean.展开更多
Knowledge of the surface ocean dynamics and the underlying controlling mechanisms is critical to understand the natural variability of the ocean and to predict its future response to climate change.In this paper,we hi...Knowledge of the surface ocean dynamics and the underlying controlling mechanisms is critical to understand the natural variability of the ocean and to predict its future response to climate change.In this paper,we highlight the potential use of Volunteer Observing Ship(VOS),as carrier for automatic underway measuring system and as platform for sample collection,to enhance the observing capacity for the surface ocean.We review the concept,history,present status and future development of the VOS-based in situ surface ocean observation.The successes of various VOS projects demonstrate that,along with the rapid advancing sensor techniques,VOS is able to improve the temporal resolution and spatial coverage of the surface ocean observation in a highly cost-effective manner.A sustained and efficient marine monitoring system in the future should integrate the advantages of various observing platforms including VOS.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the association between apolipoprotein E （apoE） gene polymorphism and total cholesterol （TC） level in patients with kidney diseases. METHODS： A predefined literature search was performed to coll...AIM： To evaluate the association between apolipoprotein E （apoE） gene polymorphism and total cholesterol （TC） level in patients with kidney diseases. METHODS： A predefined literature search was performed to collect data from the electronic databases of PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library and eligible relevant studies reporting the association of apoE gene polymorphism with TC level in patients with kidney diseases were recruited for meta-analysis.RESULTS： Twenty-one studies were identifed for the analysis of association between apoE gene polymorphism and TC level in patients with kidney disease. Subjects with E3E4 had a higher TC than those with E3E3 [weighted mean differences （WMD）=2.14, P=0.01] and subjects with E2E3 had a lower TC than those with E3E3 （WMD=-1.93, P=0.01）. Subjects with ε2 had a lower TC than those with ε3 （ε2 vs ε3： WMD=-1.23, P=0.002; ε2 vs ε4： WMD=-2.77, P﹤0.0001） and subjects with 3 had a lower TC than those with 4 （WMD=-0.79, P=0.03）. CONCLUSION： Subjects with apoE E3E4 and ε4 had a higher TC level and subjects with apoE E2E3 and ε2 had a higher TC level in patients with kidney disease. However, more well-designed studies should be per-formed in the future to confrm these fndings.展开更多
Siliceous diatoms are one of the most prominent actors in the oceans,and they account for approximately 40%of the primary production and particulate organic carbon export flux.It is believed that changes in carbon flu...Siliceous diatoms are one of the most prominent actors in the oceans,and they account for approximately 40%of the primary production and particulate organic carbon export flux.It is believed that changes in carbon flux caused by variations in diatom distribution can lead to significant climate shifts.Although the fundamental pathways of diatom-driven carbon sequestration have long been established,there are no reports of CaCO_(3) precipitation induced by marine diatom species.This manuscript introduces novel details regarding the enhancement of aragonite precipitation during photosynthesis in Skeletonema costatum in both artificial and natural seawater.Through direct measurements of cell surfaces via a pH microelectrode and zeta potential analyzer,it was determined that the diatom-mediated promotion of CaCO_(3) precipitation is achieved through the creation of specific microenvironments with concentrated[CO_(3)^(2-)]and[Ca^(2+)]and/or the dehydrating effect of adsorbed Ca^(2+).Based on this mechanism,it is highly plausible that diatom-mediated calcification could occur in the oceans,an assertion that was supported by the significant deviation of total alkalinity(TA)from the conservative TA-salinity mixing line during a Skeletonema costatum bloom in the East China Sea and other similar occurrences.The newly discovered calcification pathway establishes a link between particulate inorganic and organic carbon flux and thus helps in the reassessment of marine carbon export fluxes and CO_(2) sequestration efficiency.This discovery may have important ramifications for assessing marine carbon cycling and predicting the potential effects of future ocean acidification.展开更多
To the Editor:Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC),with the birth incidence of 1:6000,[1] is an autosomal dominant inherited,multi-system disorder characterized by cellular hyperplasia and tissue dysplasia,among which,ren...To the Editor:Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC),with the birth incidence of 1:6000,[1] is an autosomal dominant inherited,multi-system disorder characterized by cellular hyperplasia and tissue dysplasia,among which,renal angiomyolipoma (AML) is one common comorbidity.However,malignancy of renal AML is rare.Herein,we shared a case of malignancy of renal AML from TSC in a young man.展开更多
文摘The Northeast Pacific coastal ocean, as a typical river-influenced coastal upwelling system, is characterized by significant variability of sea surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, <200 to >1000</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">μ</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">atm). This study reviewed the </span><a name="_Hlk76571454"></a><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> variability and its underlying controlling mechanism in this highly dynamic region by bringing together previous scientific findings and historical data. The large </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> variability reflects the complex interactions between physical processes (riverine input and coastal upwelling) and the biological </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">responses to the nutrient transportation associated with these physical</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> processes, while temperature and air-sea gas exchange play a minor role in affecting </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Both the river water and upwelled subsurface water are characterized by higher concentrations of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and nutrients when compared to the coastal surface water. The presence of high chlorophyll-a and low </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in river plumes and areas adjacent to upwelling locations showed the intense biological CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> uptake. The influences of riverine input and coastal upwelling thus mainly depend on the competing effect of high background </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of river water and upwelled subsurface water vs. the biological dropdown of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> resulting from the riverine- and upwelling-associated nutrient supplies. The strength of upwelling-favorable wind plays an important role in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> variability by affecting the intensity of coastal upwelling, with stronger wind speed causing more intense upwelling. The long-term </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> increasing rate in the Northeast Pacific coast is observed to be lower than that in the North Pacific open ocean.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41506090the National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2016YFA0601400the Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry under contract No.GCMAC1408
文摘Knowledge of the surface ocean dynamics and the underlying controlling mechanisms is critical to understand the natural variability of the ocean and to predict its future response to climate change.In this paper,we highlight the potential use of Volunteer Observing Ship(VOS),as carrier for automatic underway measuring system and as platform for sample collection,to enhance the observing capacity for the surface ocean.We review the concept,history,present status and future development of the VOS-based in situ surface ocean observation.The successes of various VOS projects demonstrate that,along with the rapid advancing sensor techniques,VOS is able to improve the temporal resolution and spatial coverage of the surface ocean observation in a highly cost-effective manner.A sustained and efficient marine monitoring system in the future should integrate the advantages of various observing platforms including VOS.
文摘AIM： To evaluate the association between apolipoprotein E （apoE） gene polymorphism and total cholesterol （TC） level in patients with kidney diseases. METHODS： A predefined literature search was performed to collect data from the electronic databases of PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library and eligible relevant studies reporting the association of apoE gene polymorphism with TC level in patients with kidney diseases were recruited for meta-analysis.RESULTS： Twenty-one studies were identifed for the analysis of association between apoE gene polymorphism and TC level in patients with kidney disease. Subjects with E3E4 had a higher TC than those with E3E3 [weighted mean differences （WMD）=2.14, P=0.01] and subjects with E2E3 had a lower TC than those with E3E3 （WMD=-1.93, P=0.01）. Subjects with ε2 had a lower TC than those with ε3 （ε2 vs ε3： WMD=-1.23, P=0.002; ε2 vs ε4： WMD=-2.77, P﹤0.0001） and subjects with 3 had a lower TC than those with 4 （WMD=-0.79, P=0.03）. CONCLUSION： Subjects with apoE E3E4 and ε4 had a higher TC level and subjects with apoE E2E3 and ε2 had a higher TC level in patients with kidney disease. However, more well-designed studies should be per-formed in the future to confrm these fndings.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42188102&42176036)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LD24D060002)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Zhoushan City(Grant No.2022C81002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and the Ocean Negative Carbon Emission(ONCE)。
文摘Siliceous diatoms are one of the most prominent actors in the oceans,and they account for approximately 40%of the primary production and particulate organic carbon export flux.It is believed that changes in carbon flux caused by variations in diatom distribution can lead to significant climate shifts.Although the fundamental pathways of diatom-driven carbon sequestration have long been established,there are no reports of CaCO_(3) precipitation induced by marine diatom species.This manuscript introduces novel details regarding the enhancement of aragonite precipitation during photosynthesis in Skeletonema costatum in both artificial and natural seawater.Through direct measurements of cell surfaces via a pH microelectrode and zeta potential analyzer,it was determined that the diatom-mediated promotion of CaCO_(3) precipitation is achieved through the creation of specific microenvironments with concentrated[CO_(3)^(2-)]and[Ca^(2+)]and/or the dehydrating effect of adsorbed Ca^(2+).Based on this mechanism,it is highly plausible that diatom-mediated calcification could occur in the oceans,an assertion that was supported by the significant deviation of total alkalinity(TA)from the conservative TA-salinity mixing line during a Skeletonema costatum bloom in the East China Sea and other similar occurrences.The newly discovered calcification pathway establishes a link between particulate inorganic and organic carbon flux and thus helps in the reassessment of marine carbon export fluxes and CO_(2) sequestration efficiency.This discovery may have important ramifications for assessing marine carbon cycling and predicting the potential effects of future ocean acidification.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42188102,42176036,and 51120195001)the Science and Technology Program of Zhoushan City(2022C81002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and the Ocean Negative Carbon Emission(ONCE)Program。
文摘To the Editor:Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC),with the birth incidence of 1:6000,[1] is an autosomal dominant inherited,multi-system disorder characterized by cellular hyperplasia and tissue dysplasia,among which,renal angiomyolipoma (AML) is one common comorbidity.However,malignancy of renal AML is rare.Herein,we shared a case of malignancy of renal AML from TSC in a young man.
