Doubled haploid(DH)technology is an important tool in crop breeding because it can significantly accelerate the breeding process.ZmPLA1/MATL/NLD and ZmDMP are two key genes controlling haploid induction(HI)in maize,ex...Doubled haploid(DH)technology is an important tool in crop breeding because it can significantly accelerate the breeding process.ZmPLA1/MATL/NLD and ZmDMP are two key genes controlling haploid induction(HI)in maize,exhibiting a synergistic effect.However,it is unknown whether knock out of ZmDMP orthologs can stimulate HI in rice.In this study,a ZmPLA1 ortholog(OsPLA1)and two ZmDMP orthologs(OsDMP3 and OsDMP6)were identified in rice.All three genes encode plasma membrane-localized proteins and were highly expressed in mature anthers.Knockout of OsPLA1 in both Minghui 63 and Nipponbare resulted in reduced seed setting rate(SSR)and caused HI.The osdmp3,osdmp6 and the double mutant failed to trigger HI independently,nor increased the haploid induction rate(HIR)when combined with ospla1.Repeated pollinations operations of QX654A with the ospla1 mutant significantly improve SSR,while reducing HIR.RNA-seq profiling of mature ospla1 mutant anthers indicated that a large number of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were enriched in redox homeostasis and lipid metabolic GO terms,plant hormone signal transduction,and MAPK signaling pathways.These findings provide important insights towards construction of an efficient DH breeding technology and study of the molecular mechanism of HI in rice.展开更多
The so-called surface Magneto-hydro-dynamic(MHD)propulsion relies on the Lorentz force induced in weak electrolyte solutions(such as seawater or plasma)by NdFeB Magnets.The Lorentz force plays an important role in suc...The so-called surface Magneto-hydro-dynamic(MHD)propulsion relies on the Lorentz force induced in weak electrolyte solutions(such as seawater or plasma)by NdFeB Magnets.The Lorentz force plays an important role in such dynamics as it directly affects the structures of flow boundary layers.Previous studies have mainly focused on the development of such boundary layers and related fluid-dynamic aspects.The main focus of the present study is the determination of electromagnetic field distributions around the propulsion units.In particular dedicated experiments and numerical simulations(based on the finite volume method)are conducted considering a NACA0012 airfoil immersed in seawater.The results show that,along the propulsion unit,the field strength undergoes a rapid attenuation in the direction perpendicular to the wall.展开更多
Dear Editor,Doubled haploid(DH)technology can significantly accelerate the development of homozygous lines.DH breeding has achieved great success inmaize because of the discovery of the first haploid inducer,Stock6,an...Dear Editor,Doubled haploid(DH)technology can significantly accelerate the development of homozygous lines.DH breeding has achieved great success inmaize because of the discovery of the first haploid inducer,Stock6,and the development of a series of high-efficiency haploid inducers(Hu et al.,2016).Pioneering studies on the genetic basis of haploid induction(HI)revealed that loss-offunction mutation of the phospholipase gene ZmPLA1/MATL/NLD triggers HI and that the HI rate(HIR)can be dramatically enhanced by a single nucleotide substitution from T to C in ZmDMP(Jacquier et al.,2020).Remarkably,knockout of ZmPLA1/MATL/NLD homologs in rice,wheat,and foxtail millet results in HIRs of 2%–6%,5%–15%,and 2%–3%,respectively(Jacquier et al.,2020;Cheng et al.,2021).In addition,loss of function of ZmDMP-like genes enables HI in species including Arabidopsis,tomato,rapeseed,tobacco,etc.,with an average HIR of around 2%(Zhong et al.,2020,2022a,2022b).These successes have laid solid foundations for the construction of a universal DH breeding system in different crop species.More importantly,HI-Edit/IMGE systems that enable gene editing in elite germplasms have been established on the basis of HI,making HI even more important(Kelliher et al.,2019;Wang et al.,2019).展开更多
Dear Editor,Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum)is one of the most important food crops and provides approximately 20%of the food calories for human consumption.A 70%increase in wheat production is needed by 2050 to keep pa...Dear Editor,Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum)is one of the most important food crops and provides approximately 20%of the food calories for human consumption.A 70%increase in wheat production is needed by 2050 to keep pace with the growing global population(International Wheat Genome Sequencing,2014).Developing superior cultivars is an efficient way to improve yield.Nevertheless,conventional breeding is time consuming,as more than eight generations are needed to develop new plant varieties.Using doubled haploid(DH)technology,homozygous lines can be produced in only two generations,dramatically accelerating the breeding process.In wheat,haploids can be obtained by cross pollination with corn pollen followed by embryo rescue(Laurie and Bennett,1988).In maize,haploids can be induced by haploid inducer lines derived from Stock6(Liu et al.,2022).The cloning of two genes that control haploid induction(HI)in maize,MATL/ZmPLA1/NLD and ZmDMP,paved the way for DH breeding in more crop species(Jacquier et al.,2020).Further studies have shown that loss of function of TaPLAs triggers wheat HI with an efficiency of 5.88%to 31.6%(Liu et al.,2020a,2020b);this would be a promising approach for establishing a new,simple,and more efficient DH breeding method in wheat.展开更多
Microwave sensing offers important applications in areas such as data communication and remote sensing.It has thus received much attention from academia,industry,and governments.Atomic wireless sensing uses the strong...Microwave sensing offers important applications in areas such as data communication and remote sensing.It has thus received much attention from academia,industry,and governments.Atomic wireless sensing uses the strong response of the large electric dipole moment of a Rydberg atom in response to an external field to achieve precise measurement of a radio frequency(RF)signal.This method offers advantages over traditional wireless sensing including ultrawide energy level transitions,which makes it responsive to RF electric fields over a wide bandwidth.Here,we briefly review the progress of electric field measurement based on Rydberg atoms.We discuss the properties of Rydberg atoms,measurement using Rydberg atoms,experimental progress in electric field measurement of different bands,and different methods for detecting electric fields(such as atomic superheterodyne,machine learning,and critically enhanced measurement).The development of Rydberg atomic measurement focuses on the advantages of Rydberg atomic sensing,especially when compared to conventional microwave receivers.This work is of major significance to developing Rydberg-based measurements in astronomy,remote sensing,and other fields.展开更多
As a thermophilic crop that originated in tropical and subtropical areas, rice is sensitive to low temperatures, particularly during the early seedling stage. Cold stress at the seedling stage inhibits chlorophyll bio...As a thermophilic crop that originated in tropical and subtropical areas, rice is sensitive to low temperatures, particularly during the early seedling stage. Cold stress at the seedling stage inhibits chlorophyll biosynthesis and causes oxidative damage, resulting in death(Zhao et al., 2020). Investigation of the mechanism of chloroplast development in rice seedlings under low-temperature conditions is important for breeding varieties with increased cold resistance.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200800)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02-05)+1 种基金Beijing Nova Program(2023067)Yunnan Province Science and Technology Department(202305AF150026).
文摘Doubled haploid(DH)technology is an important tool in crop breeding because it can significantly accelerate the breeding process.ZmPLA1/MATL/NLD and ZmDMP are two key genes controlling haploid induction(HI)in maize,exhibiting a synergistic effect.However,it is unknown whether knock out of ZmDMP orthologs can stimulate HI in rice.In this study,a ZmPLA1 ortholog(OsPLA1)and two ZmDMP orthologs(OsDMP3 and OsDMP6)were identified in rice.All three genes encode plasma membrane-localized proteins and were highly expressed in mature anthers.Knockout of OsPLA1 in both Minghui 63 and Nipponbare resulted in reduced seed setting rate(SSR)and caused HI.The osdmp3,osdmp6 and the double mutant failed to trigger HI independently,nor increased the haploid induction rate(HIR)when combined with ospla1.Repeated pollinations operations of QX654A with the ospla1 mutant significantly improve SSR,while reducing HIR.RNA-seq profiling of mature ospla1 mutant anthers indicated that a large number of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were enriched in redox homeostasis and lipid metabolic GO terms,plant hormone signal transduction,and MAPK signaling pathways.These findings provide important insights towards construction of an efficient DH breeding technology and study of the molecular mechanism of HI in rice.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0304800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U20A20218, 61525504,61435011)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Youth Innovation Promotion Association of C AS(2018490)。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.11702139].
文摘The so-called surface Magneto-hydro-dynamic(MHD)propulsion relies on the Lorentz force induced in weak electrolyte solutions(such as seawater or plasma)by NdFeB Magnets.The Lorentz force plays an important role in such dynamics as it directly affects the structures of flow boundary layers.Previous studies have mainly focused on the development of such boundary layers and related fluid-dynamic aspects.The main focus of the present study is the determination of electromagnetic field distributions around the propulsion units.In particular dedicated experiments and numerical simulations(based on the finite volume method)are conducted considering a NACA0012 airfoil immersed in seawater.The results show that,along the propulsion unit,the field strength undergoes a rapid attenuation in the direction perpendicular to the wall.
基金supported by the Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory(project of wheat haploid induction B21HJ0501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001554)+2 种基金the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-02)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(no.2022TC141)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022TQ0368).
文摘Dear Editor,Doubled haploid(DH)technology can significantly accelerate the development of homozygous lines.DH breeding has achieved great success inmaize because of the discovery of the first haploid inducer,Stock6,and the development of a series of high-efficiency haploid inducers(Hu et al.,2016).Pioneering studies on the genetic basis of haploid induction(HI)revealed that loss-offunction mutation of the phospholipase gene ZmPLA1/MATL/NLD triggers HI and that the HI rate(HIR)can be dramatically enhanced by a single nucleotide substitution from T to C in ZmDMP(Jacquier et al.,2020).Remarkably,knockout of ZmPLA1/MATL/NLD homologs in rice,wheat,and foxtail millet results in HIRs of 2%–6%,5%–15%,and 2%–3%,respectively(Jacquier et al.,2020;Cheng et al.,2021).In addition,loss of function of ZmDMP-like genes enables HI in species including Arabidopsis,tomato,rapeseed,tobacco,etc.,with an average HIR of around 2%(Zhong et al.,2020,2022a,2022b).These successes have laid solid foundations for the construction of a universal DH breeding system in different crop species.More importantly,HI-Edit/IMGE systems that enable gene editing in elite germplasms have been established on the basis of HI,making HI even more important(Kelliher et al.,2019;Wang et al.,2019).
基金supported by the Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory(B21HJ0501)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022TQ0368)+1 种基金China Agricultural Research System(CARS-02)Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(no.2022TC141).
文摘Dear Editor,Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum)is one of the most important food crops and provides approximately 20%of the food calories for human consumption.A 70%increase in wheat production is needed by 2050 to keep pace with the growing global population(International Wheat Genome Sequencing,2014).Developing superior cultivars is an efficient way to improve yield.Nevertheless,conventional breeding is time consuming,as more than eight generations are needed to develop new plant varieties.Using doubled haploid(DH)technology,homozygous lines can be produced in only two generations,dramatically accelerating the breeding process.In wheat,haploids can be obtained by cross pollination with corn pollen followed by embryo rescue(Laurie and Bennett,1988).In maize,haploids can be induced by haploid inducer lines derived from Stock6(Liu et al.,2022).The cloning of two genes that control haploid induction(HI)in maize,MATL/ZmPLA1/NLD and ZmDMP,paved the way for DH breeding in more crop species(Jacquier et al.,2020).Further studies have shown that loss of function of TaPLAs triggers wheat HI with an efficiency of 5.88%to 31.6%(Liu et al.,2020a,2020b);this would be a promising approach for establishing a new,simple,and more efficient DH breeding method in wheat.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA140400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U20A20218,61525504,and 61435011)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2018490).
文摘Microwave sensing offers important applications in areas such as data communication and remote sensing.It has thus received much attention from academia,industry,and governments.Atomic wireless sensing uses the strong response of the large electric dipole moment of a Rydberg atom in response to an external field to achieve precise measurement of a radio frequency(RF)signal.This method offers advantages over traditional wireless sensing including ultrawide energy level transitions,which makes it responsive to RF electric fields over a wide bandwidth.Here,we briefly review the progress of electric field measurement based on Rydberg atoms.We discuss the properties of Rydberg atoms,measurement using Rydberg atoms,experimental progress in electric field measurement of different bands,and different methods for detecting electric fields(such as atomic superheterodyne,machine learning,and critically enhanced measurement).The development of Rydberg atomic measurement focuses on the advantages of Rydberg atomic sensing,especially when compared to conventional microwave receivers.This work is of major significance to developing Rydberg-based measurements in astronomy,remote sensing,and other fields.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Biology,Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chinathe Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production,China+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92035301,31971910)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFE0202300)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund project of Jiangsu Province(SCX(19)1079)。
文摘As a thermophilic crop that originated in tropical and subtropical areas, rice is sensitive to low temperatures, particularly during the early seedling stage. Cold stress at the seedling stage inhibits chlorophyll biosynthesis and causes oxidative damage, resulting in death(Zhao et al., 2020). Investigation of the mechanism of chloroplast development in rice seedlings under low-temperature conditions is important for breeding varieties with increased cold resistance.
