Na|NaCl-CaCl_(2)|Zn liquid metal battery is regarded as a promising energy storage system for power grids.Despite intensive attempts to present a real mechanism of metal electrodes reaction, those for Na||Zn LMBs are ...Na|NaCl-CaCl_(2)|Zn liquid metal battery is regarded as a promising energy storage system for power grids.Despite intensive attempts to present a real mechanism of metal electrodes reaction, those for Na||Zn LMBs are not clear yet. Herein, the anode reactions for the multiple discharge potential plateaus were deduced by means of FactSage thermochemical software, which were subsequently validated by X-ray diffraction analysis and the modeling of phase transformation in the cooling process. A pre-treatment process was proposed for the analysis of anode product composition using the atomic absorption spectrometry method, and the anode states at working temperature(560 ℃) were obtained by the Na-CaZn ternary phase for the first time. The results indicate the discharge of Na and Ca led to the formation of Ca-Zn intermetallic compounds, whilst the extraction of Ca in Ca-Zn intermetallic compounds was responsible for the multiple discharge plateaus. Moreover, it was found that the charging product was in electrochemical double liquid metal layers, which are composed of Na and Ca with dissolved Zn respectively.展开更多
Dear Editor,Lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.)is an annual plant of the Asteraceae family,commonly used as a fresh-cut vegetable and a primary ingredient in salads.It is rich in vitamins,minerals,polyphenols,and carotenoids,p...Dear Editor,Lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.)is an annual plant of the Asteraceae family,commonly used as a fresh-cut vegetable and a primary ingredient in salads.It is rich in vitamins,minerals,polyphenols,and carotenoids,providing numerous health benefits.In 2021,lettuce achieved a gross production value of$16.6 billion worldwide,with China,the United States,and Western Europe as leading lettuce producers(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,2023).展开更多
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074084)the Guangxi Innovation-driven Development Program,China(GUIKE AA18118030)。
文摘Na|NaCl-CaCl_(2)|Zn liquid metal battery is regarded as a promising energy storage system for power grids.Despite intensive attempts to present a real mechanism of metal electrodes reaction, those for Na||Zn LMBs are not clear yet. Herein, the anode reactions for the multiple discharge potential plateaus were deduced by means of FactSage thermochemical software, which were subsequently validated by X-ray diffraction analysis and the modeling of phase transformation in the cooling process. A pre-treatment process was proposed for the analysis of anode product composition using the atomic absorption spectrometry method, and the anode states at working temperature(560 ℃) were obtained by the Na-CaZn ternary phase for the first time. The results indicate the discharge of Na and Ca led to the formation of Ca-Zn intermetallic compounds, whilst the extraction of Ca in Ca-Zn intermetallic compounds was responsible for the multiple discharge plateaus. Moreover, it was found that the charging product was in electrochemical double liquid metal layers, which are composed of Na and Ca with dissolved Zn respectively.
基金supported by the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(ZR202211070163)the Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Shandong Province(ZR2023JQ010)L.G.is also supported by the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province。
文摘Dear Editor,Lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.)is an annual plant of the Asteraceae family,commonly used as a fresh-cut vegetable and a primary ingredient in salads.It is rich in vitamins,minerals,polyphenols,and carotenoids,providing numerous health benefits.In 2021,lettuce achieved a gross production value of$16.6 billion worldwide,with China,the United States,and Western Europe as leading lettuce producers(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,2023).
