The performance of activated sludge in the removal of tetradecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (C14BDMA) by adsorption from aqueous solution was investigated with different PH, contact time, ionic strength and tem...The performance of activated sludge in the removal of tetradecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (C14BDMA) by adsorption from aqueous solution was investigated with different PH, contact time, ionic strength and temperature. Equilibrium was achieved within 2 h of contact time. The adsorption capacity increased largely with increasing solution pH and remained constant above pH 9. The ionic strength had a negative effect on C14BDMA removal. The adsorption isotherms were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and equilibrium partitioning data was described well by both models. Kinetics data was best described by the pseudo second-order model. Experimental results indicated that the adsorption was favorable at lower temperatures. Thermodynamic parameters, including the Gibbs free energy (ΔG0), enthalpy (ΔH0), and entropy (ΔS0), were also calculated. These parameters indicated that adsorption of C14BDMA onto activated sludge was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic in the temperature range of 15-35℃. The activated sludge was shown to be an effective adsorbent for C14BDMA.展开更多
The pure Zn foils with different thicknesses(0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mm) were selected as interlayers to improve the quality of friction stir lap welding joint of 7075-T6 Al and AZ31 B Mg dissimilar alloys. The e...The pure Zn foils with different thicknesses(0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mm) were selected as interlayers to improve the quality of friction stir lap welding joint of 7075-T6 Al and AZ31 B Mg dissimilar alloys. The effects of the interlayer thickness on joint formation, microstructure and tensile strength were analyzed. The results displayed that the maximum length of the boundary between stir zone(SZ) and thermo-mechanically affected zone in lower plate was obtained by the addition of the Zn interlayer with 0.05 mm thickness. The Mg–Zn intermetallic compounds(IMCs) were discontinuously distributed in the SZ, replacing the continuous Al–Mg IMCs. The size of Mg–Zn IMCs increased with the increase in the thickness of the Zn interlayer. The maximum tensile shear strength of 276 N mm-1 was obtained by the addition of 0.05 mm Zn foil, which increased by 45.6% of that of the joint without the Zn foil addition.展开更多
Multiple episodes of Neoproterozoic glaciation,namely the Beiyixi,Altungol,Tereeken and Hankalchough glaciations,are recorded in the Kuruktag area of northeastern Tarim Craton,NW China.The Tereeken glaciation was prev...Multiple episodes of Neoproterozoic glaciation,namely the Beiyixi,Altungol,Tereeken and Hankalchough glaciations,are recorded in the Kuruktag area of northeastern Tarim Craton,NW China.The Tereeken glaciation was previously correlated with the global Marinoan glaciation based on sedimentary and chemostratigraphic features recorded in the cap dolostone immediately overlying the glaciogenic diamictite,as well as less precise radiometric age constraints.In this study,we obtained chemical-abrasion isotope dilution isotope ratio mass spectrometry(CA-ID-IRMS)U-Pb age of 624.03±0.10 Ma from zircons extracted from a tuff lava interbeded within the diamictite of the Tereeken Formation,which suggests an Early Ediacaran age for the Tereeken glaciation.Such newly discovered Early Ediacaran glaciation in the Tarim region could have induced the negativeδ^(13)C_(carb)excursions of 625-605 Ma by providing oxygen and other oxidants to invoke remineralization of a deep ocean dissolved organic carbon(DOC)reservoir.展开更多
A large number of primary oil and gas reservoirs have been discovered in Proterozoic strata all over the globe.Proterozoic sequences are widely distributed in China, and the discovery of large Sinian-aged gas reservoi...A large number of primary oil and gas reservoirs have been discovered in Proterozoic strata all over the globe.Proterozoic sequences are widely distributed in China, and the discovery of large Sinian-aged gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Mesoproterozoic liquid oil seepages in North China shows that attention should be paid to the exploration potential of Proterozoic strata. In this paper, the main controlling factors of Proterozoic source rocks are discussed. Principally, active atmospheric circulation and astronomical cycles may have driven intense upwelling and runoff to provide nutrients; oxygenated oceanic surface waters could have provided suitable environments for the organisms to thrive; volcanic activity and terrestrial weathering caused by continental break-up would have injected large amounts of nutrients into the ocean, leading to persistent blooms of marine organisms; and extensive anoxic deep waters may have created ideal conditions for the preservation of organic matter. Additionally, the appearance of eukaryotes resulted in diversified hydrocarbon parent material, which effectively improved the generation potential for oil and gas. Through the comparison of Formations across different cratons, seven sets of Proterozoic organic-rich source rocks have been recognized in China, which mainly developed during interglacial periods and are also comparable worldwide. The Hongshuizhuang and Xiamaling Formations in North China have already been identified previously as Mesoproterozoic source rocks. The early Proterozoic Changchengian System is highly promising as a potential source rock in the Ordos Basin. In the Upper Yangtze area, the Neoproterozoic Datangpo and Doushantuo Formations are extensively distributed, and represent the major source rocks for Sinian gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin. Moreover, the Nanhuan System may contain abundant shales with high organic matter contents in the Tarim Basin, although this possibility still needs to be verified. Indeed, all three cratons may contain source rocks of Proterozoic strata; thus, these strata represent major exploration targets worthy of great attention.展开更多
Based on the outcrop,drilling and seismic data,the sedimentary successions,evolution and hydrocarbon exploration potential of the Neoproterozoic rift basin in the northern Tarim were firstly analyzed.Due to assembly a...Based on the outcrop,drilling and seismic data,the sedimentary successions,evolution and hydrocarbon exploration potential of the Neoproterozoic rift basin in the northern Tarim were firstly analyzed.Due to assembly and breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent,the Tabei paleocontinent and the Tarim paleocontinent were developed in the Tarim craton with an EW-trending back-arc rift basin between them during Neoproterozoic time;very thick marine clastic rocks,carbonate rocks and volcanic rocks(including tillite)were deposited in the Kuruktag and Aksu area of the northern Tarim,which experienced deep sea,bathyal sea and littoral sea environments with transitional delta and ice-sea.During the Early Cryogenian and the Late Ediacaran,the northern rift basin evolved from the deep sea to the littoralneritic sea,while the lithology changed from clastic rocks to carbonate rocks.According to the field and production data,the formation and preservation of the source rocks and reservoirs indicate a good exploration potential of the Neoproterozoic rift basin.展开更多
According to the aeromagnetic,seismic,and geological data,the surface structure,sedimentation,and distribution characteristics as well as the deep dynamic mechanism of the north-south differentiated Neoproterozoic rif...According to the aeromagnetic,seismic,and geological data,the surface structure,sedimentation,and distribution characteristics as well as the deep dynamic mechanism of the north-south differentiated Neoproterozoic rift basins were well investigated to reveal the tectonic evolution and its control on the distribution of the Early Cambrian sedimentary basin and source rocks in the Tarim Basin.The rift basin in the southern Tarim was a product of superplume activities during the early breakup period of the Rodinia supercontinent.It initiated in the Early Cryogenian(about 780 Ma)and appeared as NE-direction aulacogens extending into the Tarim Basin.The rift basin in the northern Tarim was a back-arc rift basin derived from the subduction of Pan-Rodinian oceanic plate,which initiated in the Late Cryogenian(about 740 Ma)and occurred as a nearly EW-direction narrow band across the Tarim Basin.The northern Tarim back-arc rift basin had similar formation and evolution process to the Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic back-arc rift basins in East Asia,both showing an oceanward migration;however,the Tarim rift basin finally evolved from the fault-depression basins into passive continental margin.The Neoproterozoic rift basins controlled not only the distribution of source rocks in the syn-rift period but also the development of Early Cambrian sedimentary basin.Nearly EW-distributed syn-rift(Cryogenian to Ediacaran)and postrift(Lower Cambrian Yurtusi period)source rocks were likely to develop between the present Tabei uplift and central uplift belt.展开更多
Homopolymer（PBIP） containing 2,6-bis（1＇-methylbenzimidazolyl）pyridine（Me BIP） ligands in the side chain was synthesized by RAFT polymerization and its kinetics was studied. Polymeric complex PBIP-Nd^3＋ was pre...Homopolymer（PBIP） containing 2,6-bis（1＇-methylbenzimidazolyl）pyridine（Me BIP） ligands in the side chain was synthesized by RAFT polymerization and its kinetics was studied. Polymeric complex PBIP-Nd^3＋ was prepared by chelating PBIP with lanthanide ion Nd^3＋. The homopolymers and PBIP-Nd^3＋ complex were investigated by NMR, FTIR, GPC and TGA. The optical property of PBIP-Nd^3＋ complex was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The magnetic property of PBIP-Nd^3＋ complex was measured as a function of temperature（5 K to 300 K） and as a function of field（-3.98×10^6 A/m to 3.98×10^6 A/m）. These results indicated that PBIP-Nd^3＋ complex is paramagnetic.展开更多
L-lactide（LLA） homopolymerization and copolymerization with ε-caprolactone（CL） in toluene initiated by tetrahydrosalen-supported yttrium borohydride complex were systematically investigated. A possible mechanism ...L-lactide（LLA） homopolymerization and copolymerization with ε-caprolactone（CL） in toluene initiated by tetrahydrosalen-supported yttrium borohydride complex were systematically investigated. A possible mechanism of LLA homopolymerization was proposed according to the 1H-NMR result. In addition, PCL-b-PLLA copolymers were synthesized by sequential addition of monomers and their structure was characterized by GPC, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR.展开更多
文摘The performance of activated sludge in the removal of tetradecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (C14BDMA) by adsorption from aqueous solution was investigated with different PH, contact time, ionic strength and temperature. Equilibrium was achieved within 2 h of contact time. The adsorption capacity increased largely with increasing solution pH and remained constant above pH 9. The ionic strength had a negative effect on C14BDMA removal. The adsorption isotherms were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and equilibrium partitioning data was described well by both models. Kinetics data was best described by the pseudo second-order model. Experimental results indicated that the adsorption was favorable at lower temperatures. Thermodynamic parameters, including the Gibbs free energy (ΔG0), enthalpy (ΔH0), and entropy (ΔS0), were also calculated. These parameters indicated that adsorption of C14BDMA onto activated sludge was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic in the temperature range of 15-35℃. The activated sludge was shown to be an effective adsorbent for C14BDMA.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51874201)
文摘The pure Zn foils with different thicknesses(0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mm) were selected as interlayers to improve the quality of friction stir lap welding joint of 7075-T6 Al and AZ31 B Mg dissimilar alloys. The effects of the interlayer thickness on joint formation, microstructure and tensile strength were analyzed. The results displayed that the maximum length of the boundary between stir zone(SZ) and thermo-mechanically affected zone in lower plate was obtained by the addition of the Zn interlayer with 0.05 mm thickness. The Mg–Zn intermetallic compounds(IMCs) were discontinuously distributed in the SZ, replacing the continuous Al–Mg IMCs. The size of Mg–Zn IMCs increased with the increase in the thickness of the Zn interlayer. The maximum tensile shear strength of 276 N mm-1 was obtained by the addition of 0.05 mm Zn foil, which increased by 45.6% of that of the joint without the Zn foil addition.
基金supported by the Strategy Priority Research Program(Category B)of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0710000)the National Science Foundation of China(No.42273025)+2 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.SKL-Z202001)the State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.223115)PetroChina(No.2023ZZ0202)。
文摘Multiple episodes of Neoproterozoic glaciation,namely the Beiyixi,Altungol,Tereeken and Hankalchough glaciations,are recorded in the Kuruktag area of northeastern Tarim Craton,NW China.The Tereeken glaciation was previously correlated with the global Marinoan glaciation based on sedimentary and chemostratigraphic features recorded in the cap dolostone immediately overlying the glaciogenic diamictite,as well as less precise radiometric age constraints.In this study,we obtained chemical-abrasion isotope dilution isotope ratio mass spectrometry(CA-ID-IRMS)U-Pb age of 624.03±0.10 Ma from zircons extracted from a tuff lava interbeded within the diamictite of the Tereeken Formation,which suggests an Early Ediacaran age for the Tereeken glaciation.Such newly discovered Early Ediacaran glaciation in the Tarim region could have induced the negativeδ^(13)C_(carb)excursions of 625-605 Ma by providing oxygen and other oxidants to invoke remineralization of a deep ocean dissolved organic carbon(DOC)reservoir.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFC0603101)National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2016ZX05004001)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41530317, 41602144)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA14010101)Scientific Research and Technological Development Project of CNPC(Grant No. 2016A-0200)
文摘A large number of primary oil and gas reservoirs have been discovered in Proterozoic strata all over the globe.Proterozoic sequences are widely distributed in China, and the discovery of large Sinian-aged gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Mesoproterozoic liquid oil seepages in North China shows that attention should be paid to the exploration potential of Proterozoic strata. In this paper, the main controlling factors of Proterozoic source rocks are discussed. Principally, active atmospheric circulation and astronomical cycles may have driven intense upwelling and runoff to provide nutrients; oxygenated oceanic surface waters could have provided suitable environments for the organisms to thrive; volcanic activity and terrestrial weathering caused by continental break-up would have injected large amounts of nutrients into the ocean, leading to persistent blooms of marine organisms; and extensive anoxic deep waters may have created ideal conditions for the preservation of organic matter. Additionally, the appearance of eukaryotes resulted in diversified hydrocarbon parent material, which effectively improved the generation potential for oil and gas. Through the comparison of Formations across different cratons, seven sets of Proterozoic organic-rich source rocks have been recognized in China, which mainly developed during interglacial periods and are also comparable worldwide. The Hongshuizhuang and Xiamaling Formations in North China have already been identified previously as Mesoproterozoic source rocks. The early Proterozoic Changchengian System is highly promising as a potential source rock in the Ordos Basin. In the Upper Yangtze area, the Neoproterozoic Datangpo and Doushantuo Formations are extensively distributed, and represent the major source rocks for Sinian gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin. Moreover, the Nanhuan System may contain abundant shales with high organic matter contents in the Tarim Basin, although this possibility still needs to be verified. Indeed, all three cratons may contain source rocks of Proterozoic strata; thus, these strata represent major exploration targets worthy of great attention.
基金supported by the project of PetroChina(2014A-02).
文摘Based on the outcrop,drilling and seismic data,the sedimentary successions,evolution and hydrocarbon exploration potential of the Neoproterozoic rift basin in the northern Tarim were firstly analyzed.Due to assembly and breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent,the Tabei paleocontinent and the Tarim paleocontinent were developed in the Tarim craton with an EW-trending back-arc rift basin between them during Neoproterozoic time;very thick marine clastic rocks,carbonate rocks and volcanic rocks(including tillite)were deposited in the Kuruktag and Aksu area of the northern Tarim,which experienced deep sea,bathyal sea and littoral sea environments with transitional delta and ice-sea.During the Early Cryogenian and the Late Ediacaran,the northern rift basin evolved from the deep sea to the littoralneritic sea,while the lithology changed from clastic rocks to carbonate rocks.According to the field and production data,the formation and preservation of the source rocks and reservoirs indicate a good exploration potential of the Neoproterozoic rift basin.
基金The work was supported by the PetroChina project(2014A-02)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2015M581129).
文摘According to the aeromagnetic,seismic,and geological data,the surface structure,sedimentation,and distribution characteristics as well as the deep dynamic mechanism of the north-south differentiated Neoproterozoic rift basins were well investigated to reveal the tectonic evolution and its control on the distribution of the Early Cambrian sedimentary basin and source rocks in the Tarim Basin.The rift basin in the southern Tarim was a product of superplume activities during the early breakup period of the Rodinia supercontinent.It initiated in the Early Cryogenian(about 780 Ma)and appeared as NE-direction aulacogens extending into the Tarim Basin.The rift basin in the northern Tarim was a back-arc rift basin derived from the subduction of Pan-Rodinian oceanic plate,which initiated in the Late Cryogenian(about 740 Ma)and occurred as a nearly EW-direction narrow band across the Tarim Basin.The northern Tarim back-arc rift basin had similar formation and evolution process to the Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic back-arc rift basins in East Asia,both showing an oceanward migration;however,the Tarim rift basin finally evolved from the fault-depression basins into passive continental margin.The Neoproterozoic rift basins controlled not only the distribution of source rocks in the syn-rift period but also the development of Early Cambrian sedimentary basin.Nearly EW-distributed syn-rift(Cryogenian to Ediacaran)and postrift(Lower Cambrian Yurtusi period)source rocks were likely to develop between the present Tabei uplift and central uplift belt.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21174129)
文摘Homopolymer（PBIP） containing 2,6-bis（1＇-methylbenzimidazolyl）pyridine（Me BIP） ligands in the side chain was synthesized by RAFT polymerization and its kinetics was studied. Polymeric complex PBIP-Nd^3＋ was prepared by chelating PBIP with lanthanide ion Nd^3＋. The homopolymers and PBIP-Nd^3＋ complex were investigated by NMR, FTIR, GPC and TGA. The optical property of PBIP-Nd^3＋ complex was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The magnetic property of PBIP-Nd^3＋ complex was measured as a function of temperature（5 K to 300 K） and as a function of field（-3.98×10^6 A/m to 3.98×10^6 A/m）. These results indicated that PBIP-Nd^3＋ complex is paramagnetic.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21174129)the Program for Zhejiang Leading Teams of S&T Innovation(2011R50007)
文摘L-lactide（LLA） homopolymerization and copolymerization with ε-caprolactone（CL） in toluene initiated by tetrahydrosalen-supported yttrium borohydride complex were systematically investigated. A possible mechanism of LLA homopolymerization was proposed according to the 1H-NMR result. In addition, PCL-b-PLLA copolymers were synthesized by sequential addition of monomers and their structure was characterized by GPC, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR.
