Background:One of the pathological hallmarks distinguishing Alzheimer’s disease from other dementias is the accumulation of amyloid beta(Aβ).Higher physical activity is associated with decreased dementia risk,and on...Background:One of the pathological hallmarks distinguishing Alzheimer’s disease from other dementias is the accumulation of amyloid beta(Aβ).Higher physical activity is associated with decreased dementia risk,and one potential path could be through Aβlevels modulation.We aimed to explore the relationship between physical activity and Aβin middle-aged and older adults.Methods:A systematic search of PubMed,Web of Science,PsycINFO,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,and SPORTDiscus was performed from inception to April 28,2022.Studies were eligible if they included physical activity and Aβdata in adults aged 45 years or older.Multi-level metaanalyses of intervention and observational studies were performed to examine the role of physical activity in modulating Aβlevels.Results:In total,37 articles were included(8 randomized controlled trials,3 non-randomized controlled trials,4 prospective longitudinal studies,and 22 cross-sectional studies).The overall effect size of physical activity interventions on changes in blood Aβwas medium(pooled standardized mean difference=-0.69,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.41 to 0.03;I^(2)=74.6%).However,these results were not statistically significant,and there were not enough studies to explore the effects of physical activity on cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)and brain Aβ.Data from observational studies were examined based on measurements of Aβin the brain using positron emission tomography scans,CSF,and blood.Higher physical activity was positively associated with Aβonly in the CSF(Estimate r=0.12;95%CI:0.05-0.18;I^(2)=38.00%).Conclusion:Physical activity might moderately reduce blood Aβin middle-aged and older adults.However,results were only near statistical significance and might be interpreted with caution given the methodological limitations observed in some of the included studies.In observational studies,higher levels of physical activity were positively associated with Aβonly in CSF.Therefore,further research is needed to understand the modulating role of physical activity in the brain,CSF,and blood Aβ,as well as its implication for cognitive health.展开更多
运动营养补充是运动员提高运动表现、预防运动损伤、加快运动疲劳恢复的重要手段,合理地规划运动营养补充是提高运动表现的关键。近年来,植物性饮食在运动营养领域受到了广泛的关注。研究发现,植物性饮食为运动员提供了广泛的健康益处,...运动营养补充是运动员提高运动表现、预防运动损伤、加快运动疲劳恢复的重要手段,合理地规划运动营养补充是提高运动表现的关键。近年来,植物性饮食在运动营养领域受到了广泛的关注。研究发现,植物性饮食为运动员提供了广泛的健康益处,包括促进运动员的健康和提高运动表现等。然而,目前尚未有研究对植物性饮食与运动的联系进行系统阐释。因此,该文通过中国知网、万方、维普、Web of Science、PubMed等数据库,梳理与总结相关研究及应用成果,旨在为植物性饮食在运动营养领域中的应用提供一定的参考。展开更多
周期化营养起源于周期化训练,是指有计划、有目的、战略性地实施营养干预,以支持和增强特定的训练适应能力,以及特异性的运动表现。周期化营养策略侧重于碳水化合物(carbohydrate,CHO)和脂肪周期化,主要包括“高训”(training with high...周期化营养起源于周期化训练,是指有计划、有目的、战略性地实施营养干预,以支持和增强特定的训练适应能力,以及特异性的运动表现。周期化营养策略侧重于碳水化合物(carbohydrate,CHO)和脂肪周期化,主要包括“高训”(training with high-carbohydrate availability,高CHO可用性训练)策略、“低训”(training with low-carbohydrate availability,低CHO可用性训练)策略和“低训高赛”(fat adaptation with carbohydrate restoration,脂肪适应与CHO恢复相结合)策略。本文通过总结不同CHO可用性在实现训练适应和优化运动表现方面取得的研究成果以及相关机制发现:在训练或比赛涉及更高强度的工作量/技战术以及需要最佳运动表现时,有必要使用“高训”策略提供高质量的输出和/或最大化的恢复;而基于中低强度运动的训练负荷可能不需要高CHO可用性的支持。“低训高赛”策略对运动表现的益处适用于特定的情况或个体,尽管会带来高强度运动能力的受损,但在定期训练计划中,周密整合“低训”策略将有助于上调细胞信号传导,在促进机体产生训练适应方面具有独特优势。这为未来运动员在运动营养实践方面,依据不同营养目标以及针对不同训练/比赛阶段,优先选择何种CHO可用性周期化提供了参考。展开更多
基金funded by the Ramón Areces Foundation.IEC is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(RYC2019-027287-I)the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness(RTI2018-095284-J-100)+1 种基金supported by a grant from ANID/BECAS Chile(Grant No.72180543)through a Margarita Salas grant from the Spanish Ministry Universities。
文摘Background:One of the pathological hallmarks distinguishing Alzheimer’s disease from other dementias is the accumulation of amyloid beta(Aβ).Higher physical activity is associated with decreased dementia risk,and one potential path could be through Aβlevels modulation.We aimed to explore the relationship between physical activity and Aβin middle-aged and older adults.Methods:A systematic search of PubMed,Web of Science,PsycINFO,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,and SPORTDiscus was performed from inception to April 28,2022.Studies were eligible if they included physical activity and Aβdata in adults aged 45 years or older.Multi-level metaanalyses of intervention and observational studies were performed to examine the role of physical activity in modulating Aβlevels.Results:In total,37 articles were included(8 randomized controlled trials,3 non-randomized controlled trials,4 prospective longitudinal studies,and 22 cross-sectional studies).The overall effect size of physical activity interventions on changes in blood Aβwas medium(pooled standardized mean difference=-0.69,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.41 to 0.03;I^(2)=74.6%).However,these results were not statistically significant,and there were not enough studies to explore the effects of physical activity on cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)and brain Aβ.Data from observational studies were examined based on measurements of Aβin the brain using positron emission tomography scans,CSF,and blood.Higher physical activity was positively associated with Aβonly in the CSF(Estimate r=0.12;95%CI:0.05-0.18;I^(2)=38.00%).Conclusion:Physical activity might moderately reduce blood Aβin middle-aged and older adults.However,results were only near statistical significance and might be interpreted with caution given the methodological limitations observed in some of the included studies.In observational studies,higher levels of physical activity were positively associated with Aβonly in CSF.Therefore,further research is needed to understand the modulating role of physical activity in the brain,CSF,and blood Aβ,as well as its implication for cognitive health.
文摘运动营养补充是运动员提高运动表现、预防运动损伤、加快运动疲劳恢复的重要手段,合理地规划运动营养补充是提高运动表现的关键。近年来,植物性饮食在运动营养领域受到了广泛的关注。研究发现,植物性饮食为运动员提供了广泛的健康益处,包括促进运动员的健康和提高运动表现等。然而,目前尚未有研究对植物性饮食与运动的联系进行系统阐释。因此,该文通过中国知网、万方、维普、Web of Science、PubMed等数据库,梳理与总结相关研究及应用成果,旨在为植物性饮食在运动营养领域中的应用提供一定的参考。
文摘周期化营养起源于周期化训练,是指有计划、有目的、战略性地实施营养干预,以支持和增强特定的训练适应能力,以及特异性的运动表现。周期化营养策略侧重于碳水化合物(carbohydrate,CHO)和脂肪周期化,主要包括“高训”(training with high-carbohydrate availability,高CHO可用性训练)策略、“低训”(training with low-carbohydrate availability,低CHO可用性训练)策略和“低训高赛”(fat adaptation with carbohydrate restoration,脂肪适应与CHO恢复相结合)策略。本文通过总结不同CHO可用性在实现训练适应和优化运动表现方面取得的研究成果以及相关机制发现:在训练或比赛涉及更高强度的工作量/技战术以及需要最佳运动表现时,有必要使用“高训”策略提供高质量的输出和/或最大化的恢复;而基于中低强度运动的训练负荷可能不需要高CHO可用性的支持。“低训高赛”策略对运动表现的益处适用于特定的情况或个体,尽管会带来高强度运动能力的受损,但在定期训练计划中,周密整合“低训”策略将有助于上调细胞信号传导,在促进机体产生训练适应方面具有独特优势。这为未来运动员在运动营养实践方面,依据不同营养目标以及针对不同训练/比赛阶段,优先选择何种CHO可用性周期化提供了参考。
