This study investigates the relationship between the persistence and the zonal scale of atmospheric dipolar modes(DMs). Results from the daily data of ERA5 and the long-term output of an idealized atmospheric model sh...This study investigates the relationship between the persistence and the zonal scale of atmospheric dipolar modes(DMs). Results from the daily data of ERA5 and the long-term output of an idealized atmospheric model show that the atmospheric DMs with a broader(narrower) zonal scale dipolar structure possess a longer(shorter) persistence. A detailed vorticity budget analysis indicates that the persistence of a hemispheric-scale DM(1/1 DM) and a regional or sectoral DM(1/8 DM) in the model both largely rely on the persistence of the nonlinear eddy forcing. Linear terms can indirectly reduce the persistence of the anomalous nonlinear eddy forcing in a 1/8 DM by modifying the baroclinicity via the arousal of anomalous vertical motions. Therefore, the atmospheric DMs with a broader(narrower) zonal scale possess a longer(shorter) persistence because the effects of the linear terms are less(more) pronounced when the atmospheric DMs have better(worse) zonal symmetry. Further analyses show that the positive eddy feedback effect is weak or even absent in a 1/8DM and the high-frequency eddy forcing acts more like a concomitant phenomenon rather than a leading driving factor for a 1/8 DM. Thus, the hemispheric-scale DM and the regional or sectoral DMs are different, not only in their persistence but also in their dynamics.展开更多
相较于暴雨这种日尺度强降水,短时强降水(≥20 mm h^(−1))是造成山洪滑坡与城市内涝等灾害更为直接的因素。本文利用地面气象观测站和ERA5再分析数据,重点研究南海季风爆发前后珠江三角洲地区(简称珠三角)短时强降水的时空演变特征,并...相较于暴雨这种日尺度强降水,短时强降水(≥20 mm h^(−1))是造成山洪滑坡与城市内涝等灾害更为直接的因素。本文利用地面气象观测站和ERA5再分析数据,重点研究南海季风爆发前后珠江三角洲地区(简称珠三角)短时强降水的时空演变特征,并探索了短时强降水在季风爆发前后特征差异的可能成因。研究表明:(1)相较于季风爆发前,珠三角地区季风爆发后的降水明显增多,其中短时强降水贡献的比例显著增加。对短时强降水本身而言,区域平均强度以及极端性在季风爆发前后差异总体较小,但短时强降水频率在季风爆发后增加70%。(2)短时强降水高发区主要集中在珠三角东北部和珠江口西侧沿海,季风爆发后上述两个地区的频次增多最明显。短时强降水频率由季风爆发前的单峰型(下午)转为季风爆发后的双峰型(早晨与下午)。(3)短时强降水具有明显的区域性变化特征,短时强降水在季风爆发后的平均雨强和极端性在珠江口西侧沿海较内陆地区明显增强,其频次峰值时间在沿海地区从季风爆发前的午后转为季风爆发后的早晨,内陆地区在季风爆发前后均集中在下午。(4)季风爆发后,短时强降水期间的低层环境水汽超过同期气候态水平的16%。充沛的水汽在夜间在季风加速作用下被输送至沿海,并与陆风作用增强了辐合,这解释了沿海短时强降水的在季风爆发前后频次峰值时间转换现象。(5)相较于季风爆发前,季风爆发后珠三角短时强降水频率与低层水汽通量的相关性明显升高。珠三角沿海地区夜间—早晨短时强降水的增多与中低层风场结构改变造成的动力强迫有关。内陆地区季风爆发前后短时强降水与环境热力和不稳定条件关系更大。这些结果有助于我们更好地了解珠三角地区在季风爆发前后短时强降水的时空分布特征和理解其产生机制。展开更多
长生命史飑线极易造成大范围灾害性大风天气,研究其结构及其维持机制对灾害性大风天气预报有重要参考意义。利用浙江地面加密观测和雷达资料、美国国家环境预报中心/国家大气研究中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Na...长生命史飑线极易造成大范围灾害性大风天气,研究其结构及其维持机制对灾害性大风天气预报有重要参考意义。利用浙江地面加密观测和雷达资料、美国国家环境预报中心/国家大气研究中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research)FNL(Final Operational Global Analysis)再分析资料及高分辨率模式模拟结果对2018年3月4日江南地区出现的一次造成大风的暖区飑线后侧入流进行分析,探讨飑线维持机制。结果表明,飑线发生在南支槽前高低空一致西南气流的暖区环境中,环境具有0~6 km中等到强垂直切变、高对流有效位能、中层和近地面有明显干区的特征;3 h负变压异常指数对此次过程具有一定的指示作用。飑线表现为“TS”结构,但层云区相对较窄;反射率因子核位于中层径向辐合下方下沉气流中。模式模拟结果表明,后侧入流及下沉气流在系统内部、后部分别强迫出逆时针和顺时针垂直环流,构成了飑线最主要结构特征;后侧入流紧靠系统后缘而位于对流层中层,促使上升气流由倾斜转为垂直;此后后侧入流远离系统,与低层出流合并持续抬升暖湿空气,后侧入流与前侧入流的协同作用有利于飑线维持更长时间。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (mechanism for disaster-causing Northeast cold vortex and key technologies for its forecast, Grant No.2023YFC3007700)。
文摘This study investigates the relationship between the persistence and the zonal scale of atmospheric dipolar modes(DMs). Results from the daily data of ERA5 and the long-term output of an idealized atmospheric model show that the atmospheric DMs with a broader(narrower) zonal scale dipolar structure possess a longer(shorter) persistence. A detailed vorticity budget analysis indicates that the persistence of a hemispheric-scale DM(1/1 DM) and a regional or sectoral DM(1/8 DM) in the model both largely rely on the persistence of the nonlinear eddy forcing. Linear terms can indirectly reduce the persistence of the anomalous nonlinear eddy forcing in a 1/8 DM by modifying the baroclinicity via the arousal of anomalous vertical motions. Therefore, the atmospheric DMs with a broader(narrower) zonal scale possess a longer(shorter) persistence because the effects of the linear terms are less(more) pronounced when the atmospheric DMs have better(worse) zonal symmetry. Further analyses show that the positive eddy feedback effect is weak or even absent in a 1/8DM and the high-frequency eddy forcing acts more like a concomitant phenomenon rather than a leading driving factor for a 1/8 DM. Thus, the hemispheric-scale DM and the regional or sectoral DMs are different, not only in their persistence but also in their dynamics.
文摘相较于暴雨这种日尺度强降水,短时强降水(≥20 mm h^(−1))是造成山洪滑坡与城市内涝等灾害更为直接的因素。本文利用地面气象观测站和ERA5再分析数据,重点研究南海季风爆发前后珠江三角洲地区(简称珠三角)短时强降水的时空演变特征,并探索了短时强降水在季风爆发前后特征差异的可能成因。研究表明:(1)相较于季风爆发前,珠三角地区季风爆发后的降水明显增多,其中短时强降水贡献的比例显著增加。对短时强降水本身而言,区域平均强度以及极端性在季风爆发前后差异总体较小,但短时强降水频率在季风爆发后增加70%。(2)短时强降水高发区主要集中在珠三角东北部和珠江口西侧沿海,季风爆发后上述两个地区的频次增多最明显。短时强降水频率由季风爆发前的单峰型(下午)转为季风爆发后的双峰型(早晨与下午)。(3)短时强降水具有明显的区域性变化特征,短时强降水在季风爆发后的平均雨强和极端性在珠江口西侧沿海较内陆地区明显增强,其频次峰值时间在沿海地区从季风爆发前的午后转为季风爆发后的早晨,内陆地区在季风爆发前后均集中在下午。(4)季风爆发后,短时强降水期间的低层环境水汽超过同期气候态水平的16%。充沛的水汽在夜间在季风加速作用下被输送至沿海,并与陆风作用增强了辐合,这解释了沿海短时强降水的在季风爆发前后频次峰值时间转换现象。(5)相较于季风爆发前,季风爆发后珠三角短时强降水频率与低层水汽通量的相关性明显升高。珠三角沿海地区夜间—早晨短时强降水的增多与中低层风场结构改变造成的动力强迫有关。内陆地区季风爆发前后短时强降水与环境热力和不稳定条件关系更大。这些结果有助于我们更好地了解珠三角地区在季风爆发前后短时强降水的时空分布特征和理解其产生机制。
文摘长生命史飑线极易造成大范围灾害性大风天气,研究其结构及其维持机制对灾害性大风天气预报有重要参考意义。利用浙江地面加密观测和雷达资料、美国国家环境预报中心/国家大气研究中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research)FNL(Final Operational Global Analysis)再分析资料及高分辨率模式模拟结果对2018年3月4日江南地区出现的一次造成大风的暖区飑线后侧入流进行分析,探讨飑线维持机制。结果表明,飑线发生在南支槽前高低空一致西南气流的暖区环境中,环境具有0~6 km中等到强垂直切变、高对流有效位能、中层和近地面有明显干区的特征;3 h负变压异常指数对此次过程具有一定的指示作用。飑线表现为“TS”结构,但层云区相对较窄;反射率因子核位于中层径向辐合下方下沉气流中。模式模拟结果表明,后侧入流及下沉气流在系统内部、后部分别强迫出逆时针和顺时针垂直环流,构成了飑线最主要结构特征;后侧入流紧靠系统后缘而位于对流层中层,促使上升气流由倾斜转为垂直;此后后侧入流远离系统,与低层出流合并持续抬升暖湿空气,后侧入流与前侧入流的协同作用有利于飑线维持更长时间。
