针对全球变暖问题,众多国家在巴黎气候变化大会上签署的协定为后续碳排放和控制气温上升提供了新思路。碳捕集、利用与封存(Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage,CCUS)是处理过度排放CO_(2)的方法之一。作为CO_(2)封存方法之一,咸...针对全球变暖问题,众多国家在巴黎气候变化大会上签署的协定为后续碳排放和控制气温上升提供了新思路。碳捕集、利用与封存(Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage,CCUS)是处理过度排放CO_(2)的方法之一。作为CO_(2)封存方法之一,咸水层封存具有储层分布广、与碳排放源匹配性好、封存潜力大、环境影响小的特点。本文从咸水层封存中的构造、毛细管、溶解和矿化封存这4种主要机理出发,从盖层地质条件、储层物性参数、CO_(2)纯度、封存操作4种主控因素入手,结合全球应用咸水层进行CO_(2)封存的工程项目案例,通过分析和对比全球咸水层封存项目实施的地质构造背景、封存过程、封存潜力以及环境监测方法等,总结适宜CO_(2)封存的地点和合适的监测机制,以期为中国咸水层CO_(2)地质封存工作提供借鉴。展开更多
Clays have considerable influence on the electrical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments.It is desirable to understand the electrical properties of hydrate-bearing clayey sediments and to build hydrate saturation(S...Clays have considerable influence on the electrical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments.It is desirable to understand the electrical properties of hydrate-bearing clayey sediments and to build hydrate saturation(S_(h))models for reservoir evaluation and monitoring.The electrical properties of tetrahydrofuran-hydrate-bearing sediments with montmorillonite are characterized by complex conductivity at frequencies from 0.01 Hz to 1 kHz.The effects of clay and Sh on the complex conductivity were analyzed.A decrease and increase in electrical conductance result from the clay-swelling-induced blockage and ion migration in the electrical double layer(EDL),respectively.The quadrature conductivity increases with the clay content up to 10%because of the increased surface site density of counterions in EDL.Both the in-phase conductivity and quadrature conductivity decrease consistently with increasing Sh from 0.50 to 0.90.Three sets of models for Sh evaluation were developed.The model based on the Simandoux equation outperforms Archie’s formula,with a root-mean-square error(E_(RMS))of 1.8%and 3.9%,respectively,highlighting the clay effects on the in-phase conductivity.The fre-quency effect correlations based on in-phase and quadrature conductivities exhibit inferior performance(E_(RMS)=11.6%and 13.2%,re-spectively)due to the challenge of choosing an appropriate pair of frequencies and intrinsic uncertainties from two measurements.The second-order Cole-Cole formula can be used to fit the complex-conductivity spectra.One pair of inverted Cole-Cole parameters,i.e.,characteristic time and chargeability,is employed to predict S_(h) with an E_(RMS) of 5.05%and 9.05%,respectively.展开更多
文摘针对全球变暖问题,众多国家在巴黎气候变化大会上签署的协定为后续碳排放和控制气温上升提供了新思路。碳捕集、利用与封存(Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage,CCUS)是处理过度排放CO_(2)的方法之一。作为CO_(2)封存方法之一,咸水层封存具有储层分布广、与碳排放源匹配性好、封存潜力大、环境影响小的特点。本文从咸水层封存中的构造、毛细管、溶解和矿化封存这4种主要机理出发,从盖层地质条件、储层物性参数、CO_(2)纯度、封存操作4种主控因素入手,结合全球应用咸水层进行CO_(2)封存的工程项目案例,通过分析和对比全球咸水层封存项目实施的地质构造背景、封存过程、封存潜力以及环境监测方法等,总结适宜CO_(2)封存的地点和合适的监测机制,以期为中国咸水层CO_(2)地质封存工作提供借鉴。
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.20CX05005A)the Major Scientific and Technological Projects of CNPC(No.ZD2019-184-001)+2 种基金the PetroChina Innovation Foundation(No.2018D-5007-0214)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2019MEE095)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42174141).
文摘Clays have considerable influence on the electrical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments.It is desirable to understand the electrical properties of hydrate-bearing clayey sediments and to build hydrate saturation(S_(h))models for reservoir evaluation and monitoring.The electrical properties of tetrahydrofuran-hydrate-bearing sediments with montmorillonite are characterized by complex conductivity at frequencies from 0.01 Hz to 1 kHz.The effects of clay and Sh on the complex conductivity were analyzed.A decrease and increase in electrical conductance result from the clay-swelling-induced blockage and ion migration in the electrical double layer(EDL),respectively.The quadrature conductivity increases with the clay content up to 10%because of the increased surface site density of counterions in EDL.Both the in-phase conductivity and quadrature conductivity decrease consistently with increasing Sh from 0.50 to 0.90.Three sets of models for Sh evaluation were developed.The model based on the Simandoux equation outperforms Archie’s formula,with a root-mean-square error(E_(RMS))of 1.8%and 3.9%,respectively,highlighting the clay effects on the in-phase conductivity.The fre-quency effect correlations based on in-phase and quadrature conductivities exhibit inferior performance(E_(RMS)=11.6%and 13.2%,re-spectively)due to the challenge of choosing an appropriate pair of frequencies and intrinsic uncertainties from two measurements.The second-order Cole-Cole formula can be used to fit the complex-conductivity spectra.One pair of inverted Cole-Cole parameters,i.e.,characteristic time and chargeability,is employed to predict S_(h) with an E_(RMS) of 5.05%and 9.05%,respectively.
