AIM:To investigate the tacrolimus dosage requirements and blood concentrations in adult-to-adult right lobe living donor liver transplantation (AALDLT) recipients with small-for-size (SFS) grafts.METHODS: During Janua...AIM:To investigate the tacrolimus dosage requirements and blood concentrations in adult-to-adult right lobe living donor liver transplantation (AALDLT) recipients with small-for-size (SFS) grafts.METHODS: During January 2007 and October 2008, a total of 54 cases of AALDLT with an observation period of 6 mo were enrolled in this study. The 54 patients were divided into two groups according to graft-recipient body weight ratio (GRBW): SFS grafts group (Group S, GRBW<0.8%, n=8) and non-SFS grafts group (Group N, GRBW ≥0.8%, n=46). Tacrolimus 12-hour blood levels and doses were recorded during weeks 1,2,3 and 4 and months 2,3,4,5 and 6 in group S and group N. Meanwhile, acute rejection rates, liver and renal function test results, and the number of potentially interacting medications were determined at each interval in the two groups. A comparison of tacrolimus dosage requirements and blood levels were made weekly in the first month post-surgery, and monthly from months 2 to 6.RESULTS: There were no differences in the demo-graphic characteristics, acute rejection rates, liver and renal function test results, or the number of potentially interacting medications administered between the two groups. The tacrolimus dosage requirements in group S were significantly lower than group N at 2 wk (2.8±0.4 mg/d vs 3.6±0.7 mg/d, P=0.006), 3 wk (2.9±0.7 mg/d vs 3.9±0.8 mg/d, P=0.008), 4 wk (2.9±0.8 mg/d vs 3.9±1.0 mg/d, P=0.023) and 2 mo (2.8±0.7 mg/d vs 3.8 ±1.1 mg/d, P=0.033). Tacrolimus 12-h trough concentrations were similar between the two groups at all times except for 2 wk post-transplantation, when the concentrations were signifi cantly greater in group S recipients than in group N recipients (11.3±4.8 ng/mL vs 7.0±3.8 ng/mL, P=0.026).CONCLUSION: SFS grafts recipients have signifi cantly decreased tacrolimus dosage requirements compared with non-SFS grafts recipients in AALDLT during the first 2 mo post-surgery.展开更多
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS),owing to its high sensitivity based on localized surface plasmon resonance of nanostructured metals,is recently attracting much attention to be used for biotechnology,such as ce...Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS),owing to its high sensitivity based on localized surface plasmon resonance of nanostructured metals,is recently attracting much attention to be used for biotechnology,such as cell imaging and tumor therapy.On the other hand,the trace detection of bio-molecules with large molecular weight is still challenging because the troublesome treatment of SERS substrate using coupling or cross-linking agents is required.In this paper,we apply liquid interface assisted SERS(LI-SERS)method,which provides unique features of collection and self-immobilization of analyte molecules on the SERS substrate,to realize the label-free trace detection of bio-molecules with detection limits of pM~fM.Specifically,deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)discrimination and quantitative detection ofβ-Amyloid(Aβ)in trace-concentration are demonstrated to illustrate the ultrahigh sensitivity and versatility of the LI-SERS method.The results suggest LI-SERS is promising for the early-stage diagnosis of diseases such as virus infection and Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
The dynamics of immune response correlated to signal transduction in immune thymic cells (T cells) is studied. In particular, the problem of the phosphorylation of the immune-receptor tyrosine-based activation motifs ...The dynamics of immune response correlated to signal transduction in immune thymic cells (T cells) is studied. In particular, the problem of the phosphorylation of the immune-receptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAM) is explored. A nonlinear model is established on the basis of experimental observations. The behaviours of the model can be well analysed using the concepts of nonequilibrium phase transitions. In addition, the Riemann-Hugoniot cusp catastrophe is demonstrated by the model. Due to the application of the theory of nonequilibrium phase transitions, the biological phenomena can be clarified more precisely. The results can also be used to further explain the signal transduction and signal discrimination of an important type of immune T cell.展开更多
文摘AIM:To investigate the tacrolimus dosage requirements and blood concentrations in adult-to-adult right lobe living donor liver transplantation (AALDLT) recipients with small-for-size (SFS) grafts.METHODS: During January 2007 and October 2008, a total of 54 cases of AALDLT with an observation period of 6 mo were enrolled in this study. The 54 patients were divided into two groups according to graft-recipient body weight ratio (GRBW): SFS grafts group (Group S, GRBW<0.8%, n=8) and non-SFS grafts group (Group N, GRBW ≥0.8%, n=46). Tacrolimus 12-hour blood levels and doses were recorded during weeks 1,2,3 and 4 and months 2,3,4,5 and 6 in group S and group N. Meanwhile, acute rejection rates, liver and renal function test results, and the number of potentially interacting medications were determined at each interval in the two groups. A comparison of tacrolimus dosage requirements and blood levels were made weekly in the first month post-surgery, and monthly from months 2 to 6.RESULTS: There were no differences in the demo-graphic characteristics, acute rejection rates, liver and renal function test results, or the number of potentially interacting medications administered between the two groups. The tacrolimus dosage requirements in group S were significantly lower than group N at 2 wk (2.8±0.4 mg/d vs 3.6±0.7 mg/d, P=0.006), 3 wk (2.9±0.7 mg/d vs 3.9±0.8 mg/d, P=0.008), 4 wk (2.9±0.8 mg/d vs 3.9±1.0 mg/d, P=0.023) and 2 mo (2.8±0.7 mg/d vs 3.8 ±1.1 mg/d, P=0.033). Tacrolimus 12-h trough concentrations were similar between the two groups at all times except for 2 wk post-transplantation, when the concentrations were signifi cantly greater in group S recipients than in group N recipients (11.3±4.8 ng/mL vs 7.0±3.8 ng/mL, P=0.026).CONCLUSION: SFS grafts recipients have signifi cantly decreased tacrolimus dosage requirements compared with non-SFS grafts recipients in AALDLT during the first 2 mo post-surgery.
基金the Special Postdoctoral Researcher Program and Incentive Research Project of RIKEN.
文摘Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS),owing to its high sensitivity based on localized surface plasmon resonance of nanostructured metals,is recently attracting much attention to be used for biotechnology,such as cell imaging and tumor therapy.On the other hand,the trace detection of bio-molecules with large molecular weight is still challenging because the troublesome treatment of SERS substrate using coupling or cross-linking agents is required.In this paper,we apply liquid interface assisted SERS(LI-SERS)method,which provides unique features of collection and self-immobilization of analyte molecules on the SERS substrate,to realize the label-free trace detection of bio-molecules with detection limits of pM~fM.Specifically,deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)discrimination and quantitative detection ofβ-Amyloid(Aβ)in trace-concentration are demonstrated to illustrate the ultrahigh sensitivity and versatility of the LI-SERS method.The results suggest LI-SERS is promising for the early-stage diagnosis of diseases such as virus infection and Alzheimer's disease.
文摘The dynamics of immune response correlated to signal transduction in immune thymic cells (T cells) is studied. In particular, the problem of the phosphorylation of the immune-receptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAM) is explored. A nonlinear model is established on the basis of experimental observations. The behaviours of the model can be well analysed using the concepts of nonequilibrium phase transitions. In addition, the Riemann-Hugoniot cusp catastrophe is demonstrated by the model. Due to the application of the theory of nonequilibrium phase transitions, the biological phenomena can be clarified more precisely. The results can also be used to further explain the signal transduction and signal discrimination of an important type of immune T cell.
