Objective:Postpartum weight retention(PPWR)is a common problem among women after childbirth.The main objectives of this study are to understand the changes in body weight of breastfeeding mothers during long-term foll...Objective:Postpartum weight retention(PPWR)is a common problem among women after childbirth.The main objectives of this study are to understand the changes in body weight of breastfeeding mothers during long-term follow-up and preliminarily explore the relationship between maternal body weight and human milk composition,including macronutrients,leptin,and adiponectin.Methods:The study included a longitudinal cohort(122 mothers),and a cross-sectional cohort(37 mothers).The human milk,maternal weight,and dietary surveys were collected in the longitudinal cohort at different follow-up time points(1-14 days postpartum,2-4 months postpartum,5-7 months postpartum,and 12-17 months postpartum).The maternal body weight was analyzed using the responses in the survey questionnaires.A milk analyzer based on the mid-infrared spectroscopy(MIRS)was used to determine milk composition,and nutrition analysis software evaluated dietary intakes.In the cross-sectional cohort,participating mothers were asked to provide blood and human milk samples and pertinent information related to maternal body composition.Maternal body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA),while ELISA analyzed leptin and adiponectin in milk and serum.Results:At 5-7 months postpartum,the PPWR of breastfeeding mothers was(2.46±3.59)kg.At 12-17 months postpartum,the PPWR was(0.98±4.06)kg.PPWR was found to be negatively correlated with milk fat content within 14 days postpartum and positively correlated at 2-4 months postpartum.In addition,the maternal weight and body muscle mass were positively correlated with leptin and adiponectin in milk.Plasma leptin was positively correlated with the mother’s body weight,body mass index(BMI),FAT percentage,and body fat mass,while plasma adiponectin did not correlate with any parameter.The results also indicate that the PPWR did not correlate with leptin and adiponectin in plasma or milk.Conclusions:Breastfeeding mothers may retain considerable weight gain one year after delivery.Human milk composition may be related to changes in maternal body weight.Leptin and adiponectin in breast milk and leptin in plasma are associated with the maternal body composition.This study supports the notion that maternal nutritional status may affect offspring health through lactation,and future research should focus on exploring weight management of postpartum mothers.展开更多
目的:分析母乳中蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物这三类宏量营养素水平与婴儿生长发育的关系。方法:本研究来源中国母乳成分数据库,采用横断面调查设计。在华北、东北、华东、华南、西南、西北招募6481名健康乳母,采用随机抽样抽取858份母乳,...目的:分析母乳中蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物这三类宏量营养素水平与婴儿生长发育的关系。方法:本研究来源中国母乳成分数据库,采用横断面调查设计。在华北、东北、华东、华南、西南、西北招募6481名健康乳母,采用随机抽样抽取858份母乳,利用Miris人乳成分分析仪测定母乳中蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物水平,并测量婴儿体重、身长、头围等生长指标。采用GLM模型(Generalized Linear Model)分析母乳宏量营养素水平与婴儿体格发育指标之间的关联。结果:母乳蛋白质水平与WAZ(年龄别体重z评分)显著正关联(β=0.17,P<0.05);母乳脂肪水平与婴儿生长发育没有显著关联(BAZ中,β=0.036,P>0.05;LAZ中,β=-0.008,P>0.05;HCZ中,β=0.033,P>0.05;WAZ中,β=0.043,P>0.05;WLZ中,β=0.054,P>0.05)。母乳碳水化合物水平与LAZ(年龄别身长z评分)显著正关联(β=0.19,P<0.01)。结论:母乳蛋白质水平与婴儿体重、母乳碳水化合物水平与婴儿身长可能存在正关联。展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition(17dz2272000)Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(Key weak discipline construction project 2019ZB0101)the Scientific research fund of China Nutrition Society(CNSHPNK2021-16)。
文摘Objective:Postpartum weight retention(PPWR)is a common problem among women after childbirth.The main objectives of this study are to understand the changes in body weight of breastfeeding mothers during long-term follow-up and preliminarily explore the relationship between maternal body weight and human milk composition,including macronutrients,leptin,and adiponectin.Methods:The study included a longitudinal cohort(122 mothers),and a cross-sectional cohort(37 mothers).The human milk,maternal weight,and dietary surveys were collected in the longitudinal cohort at different follow-up time points(1-14 days postpartum,2-4 months postpartum,5-7 months postpartum,and 12-17 months postpartum).The maternal body weight was analyzed using the responses in the survey questionnaires.A milk analyzer based on the mid-infrared spectroscopy(MIRS)was used to determine milk composition,and nutrition analysis software evaluated dietary intakes.In the cross-sectional cohort,participating mothers were asked to provide blood and human milk samples and pertinent information related to maternal body composition.Maternal body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA),while ELISA analyzed leptin and adiponectin in milk and serum.Results:At 5-7 months postpartum,the PPWR of breastfeeding mothers was(2.46±3.59)kg.At 12-17 months postpartum,the PPWR was(0.98±4.06)kg.PPWR was found to be negatively correlated with milk fat content within 14 days postpartum and positively correlated at 2-4 months postpartum.In addition,the maternal weight and body muscle mass were positively correlated with leptin and adiponectin in milk.Plasma leptin was positively correlated with the mother’s body weight,body mass index(BMI),FAT percentage,and body fat mass,while plasma adiponectin did not correlate with any parameter.The results also indicate that the PPWR did not correlate with leptin and adiponectin in plasma or milk.Conclusions:Breastfeeding mothers may retain considerable weight gain one year after delivery.Human milk composition may be related to changes in maternal body weight.Leptin and adiponectin in breast milk and leptin in plasma are associated with the maternal body composition.This study supports the notion that maternal nutritional status may affect offspring health through lactation,and future research should focus on exploring weight management of postpartum mothers.
文摘目的:分析母乳中蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物这三类宏量营养素水平与婴儿生长发育的关系。方法:本研究来源中国母乳成分数据库,采用横断面调查设计。在华北、东北、华东、华南、西南、西北招募6481名健康乳母,采用随机抽样抽取858份母乳,利用Miris人乳成分分析仪测定母乳中蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物水平,并测量婴儿体重、身长、头围等生长指标。采用GLM模型(Generalized Linear Model)分析母乳宏量营养素水平与婴儿体格发育指标之间的关联。结果:母乳蛋白质水平与WAZ(年龄别体重z评分)显著正关联(β=0.17,P<0.05);母乳脂肪水平与婴儿生长发育没有显著关联(BAZ中,β=0.036,P>0.05;LAZ中,β=-0.008,P>0.05;HCZ中,β=0.033,P>0.05;WAZ中,β=0.043,P>0.05;WLZ中,β=0.054,P>0.05)。母乳碳水化合物水平与LAZ(年龄别身长z评分)显著正关联(β=0.19,P<0.01)。结论:母乳蛋白质水平与婴儿体重、母乳碳水化合物水平与婴儿身长可能存在正关联。
