A 27-year-old patient was diagnosed by hysteroscopy with uterine diverticulum in pregnancy and admitted to the hospital. Under the guidance of hysteroscopy combined with methotrexate, the scraping of the uterus was do...A 27-year-old patient was diagnosed by hysteroscopy with uterine diverticulum in pregnancy and admitted to the hospital. Under the guidance of hysteroscopy combined with methotrexate, the scraping of the uterus was done and operation successfully completed. The management of this case showed that hysteroscopy was a kind of valuable approach to the diagnosis and treatment of uterine diverticulum and curettage of the uterus under hysteroscope combined with drug was a safe, effective and conservative treatment.展开更多
In humans, specific patterns of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors （KIRs） expressed by uterine natural killer （uNK） cells are linked through HLA-C with pregnancy complications （infertility, recurrent spontaneou...In humans, specific patterns of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors （KIRs） expressed by uterine natural killer （uNK） cells are linked through HLA-C with pregnancy complications （infertility, recurrent spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia）. To identify mechanisms underpinning the associations between NK cell activation and pregnancy success, pregnancies were studied in mice with genetic knockdown （KD） of the MHC-activated Ly49 receptor gene family. B6.Ly49KD pregnancies were compared to normal control B6.Ly49z29 and C57BL/6 （B6） pregnancies. At mid-pregnancy （gestation day （gd9.5））, overall uNK cell （TCRI^-CD122＋DBA＋DX5- （DBA＋DX5-）） and TCRIβ-CD122＋DBA-DX5＋ （DBA-DX5＋）） frequencies in pregnant uterus were similar between genotypes. Ly49KD lowered the normal frequencies of Ly49＋ uNK cells from 90.3% to 47.8% in DBA-DX5＋ and 78.8% to 6.3% in DBA＋DX5- uNK cell subtypes. B6.Ly49KD matings frequently resulted in expanded blastocysts that did not implant （subfertility）. B6.Ly49KD mice that established pregnancy had gestational lengths and litter sizes similar to controls. B6.Ly49KD neonates, however, were heavier than controls. B6.Ly49KD implantation sites lagged in early （gd6.5） decidual angiogenesis and were deficient in mid-pregnancy （gd 10.5） spiral arterial remodelling. Ultrastructural analyses revealed that B6.Ly49KD uNK cells had impaired granulogenesis, while immunocytochemistry revealed deficient vascular endothelial cell growth factor （VEGFA） production. Perforin and IFNG expression were normal in B6.Ly49KD uNK cells. Thus, in normal mouse pregnancies, Ly49 receptor signaling must promote implantation, early decidual angiogenesis and mid-pregnancy vascular remodelling. Disturbances in these functions may underlie the reported genetic associations between human pregnancy complications and the inability of specific conceptus MHCs to engage activating KIR on uNK cells.展开更多
Objective To investigate the expression of ceramide kinase （Cerk） and related regulation in mouse uterus during early pregnancy. Methods Several mouse models, including early pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, delayed or a...Objective To investigate the expression of ceramide kinase （Cerk） and related regulation in mouse uterus during early pregnancy. Methods Several mouse models, including early pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, delayed or activated implantation, artificial decidualization, and steroid hormonal treatment were performed （n=10）. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to detect the expression of Cerk protein and mRNA in uterus. Results Expression of Cerk mRNA and protein was strongly detected in the luminal and glandular epithelium on day 1 of pregnancy. However, Cerk mRNA and protein signals were strongly detected in the subluminal stroma surrounding the implanting blastocyst on day 5 and decidua from day 6 to day 8 whereas not in the luminal epithelium. The expression of Cerk in luminal and glandular epithelium of pseudopregnancy was similar to that of early pregnancy from day 1 to day 4 whereas on day 5 of pseudoprgenancy still with remarkable signals in the luminal epithelium. Under delayed implantation, no obvious Cerk expression was detected in the uterus. After delayed implantation was terminated by estrogen treatment and embryo implantation was initiated, both Cerk mRNA and protein were detected in the subluminal stroma surrounding the implanted blastocyst. A strong Cerk signal was detected in decidualized cells under artificial decidualization, whereas only a basal level of Cerk signal was observed in the control uterus which did not inject sesame oil. Progesterone induced a slight expression of Cerk in the luminal and glandular epithelium. Both estradiol and a combination of progesterone with estradiol strongly increased the level of Cerk signal in the luminal and glandular epithelium. Conclusion Cerk expression is under the regulation of progesterone and estrogen. The strong expression of Cerk in implantation site and decidua suggests that Cerk might play an important role during implantation and decidualization.展开更多
Objective To examine the expression and regulation of Tagln2 gene in rabbit uterus during early pregnancy. Methods In situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of Tagln2 mRNA in rabbit uterus during early p...Objective To examine the expression and regulation of Tagln2 gene in rabbit uterus during early pregnancy. Methods In situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of Tagln2 mRNA in rabbit uterus during early pregnancy and their regulation under pseudopregnancy and hormonal treatment. Results In situ hybridization analysis revealed Tagln2 mRNA expression in a spatiotemporally regulated pattern in early pregnant uterus. Tagln2 mRNA was highly expressed in the uterine epithelium from days 2 to 4. A low expression level was detected in the glandular epithelium near the myometrium on days 5 and 6. On days 7.0 and 7.25, Tagln2 expression was upregulated at implantation sites and mainly expressed in luminal epithelium and blastocyst at the anti-mesometrial and lateral sides. On day 8, Tagln2 expression was mainly detected in fusion area and glandular epithelium at anti-mesometrial sides, and became stronger in trophectoderm and luminal epithelium at mesometrial side. Tagln2 expression was not detected in inter-implantation sites from days 6 to 8 of pregnancy and from days 6 to 8 of peudopregnancy. In the ovariectomized rabbit uteri, Tagln2 expression was upregulated by either estrogen or progesterone. Conclusion Tagln2 was highly expressed in the endometrium at implantation sites and need actived embryo, upregulated by steroid hormones.展开更多
文摘A 27-year-old patient was diagnosed by hysteroscopy with uterine diverticulum in pregnancy and admitted to the hospital. Under the guidance of hysteroscopy combined with methotrexate, the scraping of the uterus was done and operation successfully completed. The management of this case showed that hysteroscopy was a kind of valuable approach to the diagnosis and treatment of uterine diverticulum and curettage of the uterus under hysteroscope combined with drug was a safe, effective and conservative treatment.
文摘In humans, specific patterns of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors （KIRs） expressed by uterine natural killer （uNK） cells are linked through HLA-C with pregnancy complications （infertility, recurrent spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia）. To identify mechanisms underpinning the associations between NK cell activation and pregnancy success, pregnancies were studied in mice with genetic knockdown （KD） of the MHC-activated Ly49 receptor gene family. B6.Ly49KD pregnancies were compared to normal control B6.Ly49z29 and C57BL/6 （B6） pregnancies. At mid-pregnancy （gestation day （gd9.5））, overall uNK cell （TCRI^-CD122＋DBA＋DX5- （DBA＋DX5-）） and TCRIβ-CD122＋DBA-DX5＋ （DBA-DX5＋）） frequencies in pregnant uterus were similar between genotypes. Ly49KD lowered the normal frequencies of Ly49＋ uNK cells from 90.3% to 47.8% in DBA-DX5＋ and 78.8% to 6.3% in DBA＋DX5- uNK cell subtypes. B6.Ly49KD matings frequently resulted in expanded blastocysts that did not implant （subfertility）. B6.Ly49KD mice that established pregnancy had gestational lengths and litter sizes similar to controls. B6.Ly49KD neonates, however, were heavier than controls. B6.Ly49KD implantation sites lagged in early （gd6.5） decidual angiogenesis and were deficient in mid-pregnancy （gd 10.5） spiral arterial remodelling. Ultrastructural analyses revealed that B6.Ly49KD uNK cells had impaired granulogenesis, while immunocytochemistry revealed deficient vascular endothelial cell growth factor （VEGFA） production. Perforin and IFNG expression were normal in B6.Ly49KD uNK cells. Thus, in normal mouse pregnancies, Ly49 receptor signaling must promote implantation, early decidual angiogenesis and mid-pregnancy vascular remodelling. Disturbances in these functions may underlie the reported genetic associations between human pregnancy complications and the inability of specific conceptus MHCs to engage activating KIR on uNK cells.
文摘Objective To investigate the expression of ceramide kinase （Cerk） and related regulation in mouse uterus during early pregnancy. Methods Several mouse models, including early pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, delayed or activated implantation, artificial decidualization, and steroid hormonal treatment were performed （n=10）. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to detect the expression of Cerk protein and mRNA in uterus. Results Expression of Cerk mRNA and protein was strongly detected in the luminal and glandular epithelium on day 1 of pregnancy. However, Cerk mRNA and protein signals were strongly detected in the subluminal stroma surrounding the implanting blastocyst on day 5 and decidua from day 6 to day 8 whereas not in the luminal epithelium. The expression of Cerk in luminal and glandular epithelium of pseudopregnancy was similar to that of early pregnancy from day 1 to day 4 whereas on day 5 of pseudoprgenancy still with remarkable signals in the luminal epithelium. Under delayed implantation, no obvious Cerk expression was detected in the uterus. After delayed implantation was terminated by estrogen treatment and embryo implantation was initiated, both Cerk mRNA and protein were detected in the subluminal stroma surrounding the implanted blastocyst. A strong Cerk signal was detected in decidualized cells under artificial decidualization, whereas only a basal level of Cerk signal was observed in the control uterus which did not inject sesame oil. Progesterone induced a slight expression of Cerk in the luminal and glandular epithelium. Both estradiol and a combination of progesterone with estradiol strongly increased the level of Cerk signal in the luminal and glandular epithelium. Conclusion Cerk expression is under the regulation of progesterone and estrogen. The strong expression of Cerk in implantation site and decidua suggests that Cerk might play an important role during implantation and decidualization.
文摘Objective To examine the expression and regulation of Tagln2 gene in rabbit uterus during early pregnancy. Methods In situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of Tagln2 mRNA in rabbit uterus during early pregnancy and their regulation under pseudopregnancy and hormonal treatment. Results In situ hybridization analysis revealed Tagln2 mRNA expression in a spatiotemporally regulated pattern in early pregnant uterus. Tagln2 mRNA was highly expressed in the uterine epithelium from days 2 to 4. A low expression level was detected in the glandular epithelium near the myometrium on days 5 and 6. On days 7.0 and 7.25, Tagln2 expression was upregulated at implantation sites and mainly expressed in luminal epithelium and blastocyst at the anti-mesometrial and lateral sides. On day 8, Tagln2 expression was mainly detected in fusion area and glandular epithelium at anti-mesometrial sides, and became stronger in trophectoderm and luminal epithelium at mesometrial side. Tagln2 expression was not detected in inter-implantation sites from days 6 to 8 of pregnancy and from days 6 to 8 of peudopregnancy. In the ovariectomized rabbit uteri, Tagln2 expression was upregulated by either estrogen or progesterone. Conclusion Tagln2 was highly expressed in the endometrium at implantation sites and need actived embryo, upregulated by steroid hormones.
