钢轨波磨作为地铁线路中最为常见的轨道损伤问题之一,始终未得到根本性的解决。为研究不同轨道结构形式产生钢轨波磨后车辆内部振动噪声以及轨道结构振动的时频域特性,探究钢轨波磨对车辆和轨道的影响,对某地铁线路进行现场动静态测试,...钢轨波磨作为地铁线路中最为常见的轨道损伤问题之一,始终未得到根本性的解决。为研究不同轨道结构形式产生钢轨波磨后车辆内部振动噪声以及轨道结构振动的时频域特性,探究钢轨波磨对车辆和轨道的影响,对某地铁线路进行现场动静态测试,获取了钢轨波磨激励下车辆内部的振动和噪声响应以及轨道各部件的振动响应,使用时域指标统计、1/3倍频程谱分析等方法分析轨道振动响应特征和车内振动及噪声响应特征。结果表明:在小半径曲线地段,浮置板轨道产生了特征波长约为200 mm的钢轨波磨,整体道床轨道产生了特征波长约为60 mm的钢轨波磨;浮置板轨道的钢轨、道床板、隧道壁振动加速度有效值分别是整体道床的1.8、5.8倍及0.3倍;钢轨波磨对轨道振动的影响主要体现在中高频范围,在300~400 Hz附近,浮置板轨道振级从钢轨至隧道壁共衰减66 d B,而整体道床共衰减49 d B;列车通过测试区域时,转向架上方与客室中部垂、纵向振动加速度有效值基本一致,而客室中部横向振动加速度有效值约为转向架上方的2倍;车内转向架位置处的异常振动主要来源于钢轨波磨的激励,且短波长波磨所激励的车内振动及噪声更加剧烈。因此,地铁钢轨波磨产生后在轨道及车辆的振动噪声响应中均占主要成分,应及时对钢轨进行打磨处理,研究结果可为地铁工务维修提供理论指导。展开更多
随着铁路的高速发展,其养护任务日益繁重。为实现对铁路钢轨断裂情况的实时检测,研发了一种基于STM32单片机的固定式超声波断轨检测系统。系统利用STM32控制零电压开关(Zero Voltage Switch,ZVS)振荡发生电路产生高压正弦波信号,驱动超...随着铁路的高速发展,其养护任务日益繁重。为实现对铁路钢轨断裂情况的实时检测,研发了一种基于STM32单片机的固定式超声波断轨检测系统。系统利用STM32控制零电压开关(Zero Voltage Switch,ZVS)振荡发生电路产生高压正弦波信号,驱动超声波探头产生大振幅的超声波信号,可实现长距离探测。在接收端根据信号特点设计了放大电路、带通滤波和检波电路,完成对接收信号的预处理。最后利用STM32分析信号包络的高电平时间占比判断区间轨道状态,并可将异常信息通过RS-485总线上传给主机。测试结果表明,该系统可以准确判断区间钢轨是否发生断裂。所设计的超声波断轨检测系统具有准确性高、实时性好、检测距离远、制造成本低等优点,为全天候监测铁路轨道断裂发生提供了可行性方案。展开更多
Short pitch corrugation has been a problem for railways worldwide over one century.In this paper,a parametric investigation of fastenings is conducted to understand the corrugation formation mechanism and gain insight...Short pitch corrugation has been a problem for railways worldwide over one century.In this paper,a parametric investigation of fastenings is conducted to understand the corrugation formation mechanism and gain insights into corrugation mitigation.A three-dimensional finite element vehicle-track dynamic interaction model is employed,which considers the coupling between the structural dynamics and the contact mechanics,while the damage mechanism is assumed to be differential wear.Various fastening models with different configurations,boundary conditions,and parameters of stiffness and damping are built up and analysed.These models may represent different service stages of fastenings in the field.Besides,the effect of train speeds on corrugation features is studied.The results indicate:(1)Fastening parameters and modelling play an important role in corrugation formation.(2)The fastening longitudinal constraint to the rail is the major factor that determines the corrugation formation.The fastening vertical and lateral constraints influence corrugation features in terms of spatial distribution and wavelength components.(3)The strengthening of fastening constraints in the longitudinal dimension helps to mitigate corrugation.Meanwhile,the inner fastening constraint in the lateral direction is necessary for corrugation alleviation.(4)The increase in fastening longitudinal stiffness and damping can reduce the vibration amplitudes of longitudinal compression modes and thus reduce the track corrugation propensity.The simulation in this work can well explain the field corrugation in terms of the occurrence possibility and major wavelength components.It can also explain the field data with respect to the small variation between the corrugation wavelength and train speed,which is caused by frequency selection and jump between rail longitudinal compression modes.展开更多
文摘钢轨波磨作为地铁线路中最为常见的轨道损伤问题之一,始终未得到根本性的解决。为研究不同轨道结构形式产生钢轨波磨后车辆内部振动噪声以及轨道结构振动的时频域特性,探究钢轨波磨对车辆和轨道的影响,对某地铁线路进行现场动静态测试,获取了钢轨波磨激励下车辆内部的振动和噪声响应以及轨道各部件的振动响应,使用时域指标统计、1/3倍频程谱分析等方法分析轨道振动响应特征和车内振动及噪声响应特征。结果表明:在小半径曲线地段,浮置板轨道产生了特征波长约为200 mm的钢轨波磨,整体道床轨道产生了特征波长约为60 mm的钢轨波磨;浮置板轨道的钢轨、道床板、隧道壁振动加速度有效值分别是整体道床的1.8、5.8倍及0.3倍;钢轨波磨对轨道振动的影响主要体现在中高频范围,在300~400 Hz附近,浮置板轨道振级从钢轨至隧道壁共衰减66 d B,而整体道床共衰减49 d B;列车通过测试区域时,转向架上方与客室中部垂、纵向振动加速度有效值基本一致,而客室中部横向振动加速度有效值约为转向架上方的2倍;车内转向架位置处的异常振动主要来源于钢轨波磨的激励,且短波长波磨所激励的车内振动及噪声更加剧烈。因此,地铁钢轨波磨产生后在轨道及车辆的振动噪声响应中均占主要成分,应及时对钢轨进行打磨处理,研究结果可为地铁工务维修提供理论指导。
文摘随着铁路的高速发展,其养护任务日益繁重。为实现对铁路钢轨断裂情况的实时检测,研发了一种基于STM32单片机的固定式超声波断轨检测系统。系统利用STM32控制零电压开关(Zero Voltage Switch,ZVS)振荡发生电路产生高压正弦波信号,驱动超声波探头产生大振幅的超声波信号,可实现长距离探测。在接收端根据信号特点设计了放大电路、带通滤波和检波电路,完成对接收信号的预处理。最后利用STM32分析信号包络的高电平时间占比判断区间轨道状态,并可将异常信息通过RS-485总线上传给主机。测试结果表明,该系统可以准确判断区间钢轨是否发生断裂。所设计的超声波断轨检测系统具有准确性高、实时性好、检测距离远、制造成本低等优点,为全天候监测铁路轨道断裂发生提供了可行性方案。
文摘Short pitch corrugation has been a problem for railways worldwide over one century.In this paper,a parametric investigation of fastenings is conducted to understand the corrugation formation mechanism and gain insights into corrugation mitigation.A three-dimensional finite element vehicle-track dynamic interaction model is employed,which considers the coupling between the structural dynamics and the contact mechanics,while the damage mechanism is assumed to be differential wear.Various fastening models with different configurations,boundary conditions,and parameters of stiffness and damping are built up and analysed.These models may represent different service stages of fastenings in the field.Besides,the effect of train speeds on corrugation features is studied.The results indicate:(1)Fastening parameters and modelling play an important role in corrugation formation.(2)The fastening longitudinal constraint to the rail is the major factor that determines the corrugation formation.The fastening vertical and lateral constraints influence corrugation features in terms of spatial distribution and wavelength components.(3)The strengthening of fastening constraints in the longitudinal dimension helps to mitigate corrugation.Meanwhile,the inner fastening constraint in the lateral direction is necessary for corrugation alleviation.(4)The increase in fastening longitudinal stiffness and damping can reduce the vibration amplitudes of longitudinal compression modes and thus reduce the track corrugation propensity.The simulation in this work can well explain the field corrugation in terms of the occurrence possibility and major wavelength components.It can also explain the field data with respect to the small variation between the corrugation wavelength and train speed,which is caused by frequency selection and jump between rail longitudinal compression modes.
